240 Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment
Household numbers and distribution, 98
Human rights and intrinsic value paradigm, 143.
See also Freedom and human well-being
Human system models, 22, 162, 164–165
integrated models, 165
Human well-being, 12–14, 71–83. See also
Poverty and the poor
as focus of ecosystem assessment, 38, 52
balancing present and future priorities, 81–82.
See also Scenario analysis
defined, 3
dependence on ecosystems, 50
evaluation of impact on, 151
freedom and choice and, 13, 74, 75, 75. See
also Freedom and human well-being
health and, 13, 74, 75
institutions mediating use of ecosystem
services, 82–83
key components of, 73–76, 75
linkages with ecosystem services, 5, 8, 76–79,
78, 128
data problems for assessing, 156
identification of, 150, 158–159
political units as factor, 161
materials for good life and, 13, 74, 75, 75
security and, 13, 74, 75
selection of indicators for analysis, 150, 158–
159
social relations and, 13, 74, 75, 75
substitutability and, 79–81
II
II
I
Indicator-based assessments, 188, 189, 190
Indicator selection, 150, 158–159, 191
global scenario projects, 171
Indirect use values, 133
Inertia in human and ecosystems, 14, 117–118
Inland water reporting category, 10, 54
Inspiration, 57, 58
Institutional fit and interplay in choice of scale,
124
Institutions
mediating use of ecosystem services, 82–83
sociopolitical decision-making by, 7, 100
Integrated models, 165
Integration across scales, 126
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), 42, 46, 89
data collection guidelines, 157
handling uncertainty, 175
science assessments, 189
Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, 168, 168
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme,
159
International Monetary Fund, 99
International Society for Ecosystem Health
(ISEH), 69
International trade
as driver of ecosystem change, 99
consequences of decision-making by trading
communities, 94
International transfer of technologies and
investments, 119
International treaties, 185
Interventions and decision-making, 7, 11–12,
23–25, 41–42, 47–48, 178–195
challenges for, 179–180
decentralized sociopolitical trends, 100
decision analytical frameworks (DAFs) and
tools, 24, 195–200, 196
decision-making processes, 180–183
deliberation, defined, 193
ecosystem change and local decision-making
process, 91–94, 92
externalities as consequences of, 16–17
knowledge’s role in, 187–193
addressing users’ concerns, 191
assembling accounts and assessments, 188,
189
forms of information, 191–192
interactive process, 187–188, 188
local decision-making, 183, 187
measurement and, 25, 187–188, 188
national-level decision-making, 185, 186
precautionary principle, 194
response options and strategic interventions, 3,
183–187
risk and uncertainty, dealing with, 24, 193–
195, 198
thresholds of irreversibility and, 24, 120
treaties and conventions, 185
types of interventions, 183
valuation of ecosystem services as factor, 6,
186–187
Intrinsic value paradigm, 6, 19, 140–146
IPAT formulation for change
(Impacts=Population x Affluence x
Technology), 88
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