1 Introductory Legal Research – Final Quiz

Introductory Legal Research – Final Quiz - Answers

Fall 2017

Note: Documents #1 and #2 follow at the end of the quiz.

Name:

Section:

This quiz is worth 100 points and constitutes 25% of your final grade.

Directions:

 You may consult information on the course Wiki or from notes you have taken in class.

 You may consult information posted to D2L.

 However, you may not click on links in either of the two resources above that would take you

outside the course Wiki or D2L.

 You may not use Westlaw, Lexis Advance, or any other online resources to answer these questions.

 If you are found using any such resource, you will receive a zero on this Final Quiz.

 For multiple choice questions, please choose all that might apply (there may be one or there may be

more than one that applies).

 For matching questions, please select the answer that best applies. Letters will be used only once.

 For question #18, please use Document #1 and for question #39, please use Document #2.

 Please read carefully!

 If you have questions as you work through the Final Quiz, please come up to the front of the room to

check with Prof Condit.

1. The ultimate goal of all legal research is to find what kind of authority to support your legal argument?

Please highlight your response. (1pt)

a. Secondary authority

b. Primary authority

2. A 5th Circuit Court of Appeals case is ______________ on an Arizona federal district court considering

federal law. Please highlight your response. (1pt)

a. Binding/mandatory

b. Persuasive

3. Please match the letter from the Word Bank below that best applies to an item in the top list. Each letter

will be used only once. (3pts)

__D__ U.S. Constitution

__E__ DUI Trial Notebook

__B__ Case decisions are not precedent for later decisions

__A__ Stare decisis

__F__ Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.)

__C__ Delaware law on corporate law question for Arizona state law issue

Word Bank

A. Common law D. Mandatory authority

B. Civil law E. Secondary authority

C. Persuasive authority F. Primary authority

4. Which of the following statements are TRUE? Please highlight all that apply. (2pts)

a. The principle of stare decisis requires a particular law to be followed in future instances.

b. Reliance on persuasive cases is more authoritative than reliance on mandatory cases.

c. Persuasive authority for a state law issue in Arizona are high court decisions from Texas.

d. One mandatory authority for a state law issue in Arizona are Arizona regulations.

5. Please refer to the screenshot below. Provide the full citation to this law review article. (2pts)

Richard E. Finneran & Steven K. Luther, Criminal Forfeiture and the Sixth Amendment: The Role of the Jury

at Common Law, 35 Cardozo L. Rev. 1 (2013).

6. Please match the letter from the Word Bank below that best applies to an item in the top list. Each letter

will be used only once. (3pts)

__A__ Good place to start if unfamiliar with area of law

__F__ Sources of forms and checklists

__E__ Distills “black letter law” from cases

__B__ Provides in-depth treatment of area of law

__D__ Provides analysis on narrow legal topics

__C__ Often useful for researching emerging areas of law

Word Bank

A. Legal encyclopedia D. American Law Report (A.L.R.)

B. Treatise E. Restatements

C. Law review F. Practice materials/aids

7. One of the most important basic steps of legal research is conducting a preliminary analysis. Please list the

four parts that make up a preliminary analysis. (4pts)

Statement of the legal issue or issues you need to resolve

Relevant facts of your legal issue

Relevant jurisdiction

Key terms and phrases

8. You are researching the issue of actual physical control in Arizona, which is controlled by Arizona law.

Which one of the following sources is least relevant for purposes of your research? Please highlight your

response. (2 pts)

a. A.R.S. § 28-1381. Driving or actual physical control while under the influence.

b. State v. Zaragoza, 221 Ariz. 49, 209 P.3d 629 (2009).

c. Alexander Y. Benikov, When Is an Arizona Drunk Driver Not a Driver? Zaragoza and Actual

Physical Control, 6 Phoenix L. Rev. 565 (2013).

d. Atkinson v. State, 331 Md. 199, 627 A.2d 1019 (Ct. App. 1993).

D. is the least relevant. Although answer choice D refers to primary law, it is a case out-of-jurisdiction and

has no authority over an Arizona issue controlled by Arizona law. Choice C, a law review, is not primary

law, but it is a valuable secondary source. It is from an Arizona law school on an Arizona case on the issue

we are researching and would likely provide relevant information for our research, including background

context and citations to primary law.

9. Please refer to the screenshot below for this question.

I am looking for an Arizona statute about defenses to provocation in cases of dog bites. I ran the following

search [dog /3 bit! /P provo! AND defense], but I did not retrieve any statutes. However, I know for certain

that there is a relevant Arizona statute on point. My supervising attorney looked at my screen page and

said, “Oh, that’s easy, you need to ________________.” What did my supervising attorney tell me to do?

(2pts)

Change my jurisdiction from Federal to Arizona.

10. Last week, you located a great case for a research question. Unfortunately, you forgot the search you used

to locate it and you neglected to write down the case name. Luckily, Westlaw and Lexis Advance provide a

place where you can view the searches you previously ran and documents you retrieved. What tab would

you use to locate this feature to find your previous search and case? (2pt)

a. Folders

b. History

c. Alerts

d. Favorites

11. Please look at the screenshot below, which contains a list of titles found in the Arizona Revised Statutes.

This is an example of which type of “finding aid?” (2pt)

a. Index

b. Table of Contents

c. Directory

d. Keyword search

12. Please refer to the screenshot below and answer the questions that follow.

a. Please provide the full citation to this statute. (2pts)

18 U.S.C.A. § 983. General rules for civil forfeiture proceedings.

b. When was this statute enacted? Please provide the full citation. (2pts)

Added Pub. L. 106-185, § 2(a), Apr. 25, 2000, 114 Stat. 202

13. Statutory annotations, such as Westlaw’s Notes of Decisions and Lexis Advance’s Judicial Decisions, are

summaries of how courts have interpreted a statute. (1pt)

a. True

b. False

14. Please list 3 of the methods that you can use to locate statutes, according to the course Wiki. (3pts)

Index

Table of Contents

Keyword search

Citation

Popular Name Table

15. You have been given the following statutory citation: A.R.S. § 33-1551. Please answer the following

questions. (2pts)

a. What does the number 33 refer to? Refers to the Title of the A.R.S. that the statute falls within

b. What does the number 1551 refer to? The section or law itself

16. Please explain why you never want to look at just one statutory section when conducting legal research.

(2pts)

A single statute may be impacted by other statutory sections, such as defenses, exceptions, and

definitions.

17. Please refer to the screenshot below. Please list the full citation to the range of Arizona statutes related to

feeding of garbage to pigs. (2pts)

A.R.S. §§ 3-2661 to 2669.

18. Please use Document #1, provided separately, to answer the questions that follow.

a. The statute in Document #1 states it is unlawful to threaten to inflict physical harm to someone in any

electronic communication. Provide the full citation to the part of the statute that tells us this. (2pts)

A.R.S. § 13-2916(A)(2).

b. What does the phrase “electronic communication” mean when used in this statute? Please include the

relevant full citation that provides this definition. (2pts)

According to A.R.S. § 13-2916(E), electronic communication means a “wire line, cable, wireless or

cellular telephone call, a text message, an instant message or electronic email.”

c. You are interested in finding a case that addresses threats made responding to a call. Please provide

the full citation to a case on point for this issue. (2pts)

State v. Mercer, 116 Ariz. 542, 570 P.2d 484 (1977).

d. How up-to-date is the version of the code for this statute? (2pt)

Current through the First Regular Session of the Fifty-Third Legislature (2017).

19. As you have learned over the semester, we want to ask two questions when we update statutes – is it

current and is it valid. Please mark with an “X” whether the symbol or the purpose stated in the chart

below is associated with determining the Currency of a statute … or … associated with determining the

Validity of a statute (as discussed in this class). Only one “X” will apply to each statement. (3pts)

Symbol or Purpose

Currency

Validity

A Yellow flag or symbol

A Red flag or symbol

Check if there is proposed or pending legislation

Check if the statute has been declared unconstitutional

Check if you have the most up-to-date version of the code

Check if the statute received negative case law treatment

20. Court rules that have been validly adopted have the same effect as statutory law. Please highlight your

response. (1pt)

a. True

b. False

21. Please refer to the screenshot below to answer the questions that follow.

a. When was this court rule last amended? (1pt)

Last amended Sept. 2, 2014, effective Jan. 1, 2015

b. How current is this court rule? (1pt)

Current with amendments received and effective through 9/1/17

22. Please match the letter from the Word Bank below that best applies to an item in the top list. Each letter

will be used only once. (6pts)

__C___ State v. Roseberry, 10 Ariz. 360, 111 P.3d 402 (2005).

__B___ Bridgeman Art Library, Ltd. v. Corel Corp., 36 F. Supp. 2d 191 (S.D.N.Y. 1999).

__E___ 46 C.F.R. § 294

__D___ Fund for Animals v. Lujan, 962 F.2d 1391 (9th Cir. 1992).

__A___ 42 U.S.C. 2000e

__F___ A unique way to identify primary law and many secondary sources

Word Bank

A. Statute D. Federal Court of Appeals

B. Federal District Court E. Regulation

C. Parallel citation F. Citation

23. Outside of a few exceptions, state court systems in the United States are comprised of trial courts,

intermediate courts of appeal, and a supreme court of last resort. (1 pt)

a. True

b. False

24. Which of the following statements are TRUE? Please highlight all that apply. (2pts)

a. The official reporter for Arizona is the Pacific Reporter

(It is the Arizona Reports)

b. There are 7 justices who serve on the Arizona Supreme Court

c. In Arizona there are 2 state appellate courts

d. The Arizona Reports contains opinions from trial courts, courts of appeal and the supreme court

(it contains only opinions from courts of appeal and the supreme court)

25. Please match the letter from the Word Bank below that best applies to an item in the top list. Each letter

will be used only once. (3pts)

__C__ Appellate court ruling that applies precedent

__F__ Parallel citation

__A__ Unpublished case

__D__ Subject of appeals in court

__E__ Specific point of law addressed in a case

__B__ Compilation of regional case law

Word Bank

A. 2014 WL 4781854 D. Legal rulings on issues of law

B. Pacific Reporter E. Headnote

C. Opinion F. 198 Ariz. 280, 9 P.3d 311

26. Please refer to the screenshot below to answer the questions that follow.

a. Please provide the full citation to this case. (2pts)

Ariz. Citizens Clean Election Comm’n v. Brain, 233 Ariz. 280, 311 P.3d 1093 (Ct. App. 2013).

b. You want to cite to the Ariz. Citizens Clean Election Comm’n case on a point of law regarding an

Arizona issue. Can you? Please explain your answer. (2 pts)

No, the case has a red flag stating the opinion has been vacated. A vacated case cannot be cited to at

all.

27. Please refer to the screenshot below to answer the questions that follow.

a. Please provide the full citation to this case. (2pts)

State v. Camargo, 112 Ariz. 50, 537 P.2d 920 (1975).

b. You want to cite to the Camargo case on a point of law regarding an Arizona issue. Can you? Please

explain your answer. (2 pts)

Yes. Although there is a yellow flag noting Camargo has been distinguished by another case, I don’t

need to worry because the distinguishing case is from Ohio, and out-of-state cases are not controlling

authority on a point of law on an Arizona issue.

28. Over the semester you learned about 8 different methods that can be used to find cases. Please match

the letter of the case-finding method in the Word Bank below that best applies to an item in the top list.

Each letter will be used only once. (4pts)

__F___ Criminal Law & Procedure > Appeals > Standard of Review > Abuse of Discretion

__A__ Background and context and can lead to primary law citations

__C__ Reading a case to find cases it cites to for authority

__B__ Brief case summaries arranged by topics and called Judicial Decisions

__D__ Use to update a case to locate citing references that cite your case for authority

__E__ liability dog bite provocation defense

__G__ 240 Ariz. 114

__H__ Kidnapping 231Ek19 Motive; ransom

Word Bank

A. Secondary source E. Keyword search

B. Statutory case law annotations F. Lexis Advance Headnote

C. One good case G. Citation (the easiest!)

D. KeyCite or Shepard’s citator H. West Topic & Key Number

29. Which of the following statements about case law opinions are TRUE? Please highlight all that apply.

(2pts)

a. The West Topic & Key Numbers system is used to locate case law opinions topically.

b. Case law opinions are arranged chronologically in Reporters.

c. Court rules determine which statutes are published.

d. Individual case publications distributed immediately after a case has been decided are called session

laws.

30. Which of the following are purposes of a citator (such as KeyCite or Shepard’s) for cases? Please highlight

all that apply. (2pts)

a. Provide direct case history for prior and subsequent direct appellate litigation (cases in the same line of

litigation).

b. Provide any negative treatment from later cases not in the same line of litigation.

c. Provide further research from cases that have cited to your case on your specific legal point of law

(citing references).

d. Checking for pending/proposed legislation (currency).

31. A case you updated has a red flag from another case within your jurisdiction. Does this mean you can’t

ever cite your updated case for your legal proposition? Please explain your answer. (2pts)

No. The red flag may have to do with an issue entirely different from your legal proposition, which means you

could still cite to your updated case. A red flag means a case is no longer good for at least one point of law.

32. Formulating a terms & connectors search is basically a two-step process of choosing terms (keywords) and

using connectors (such as: AND, OR, /P, /S) to string them together. Please highlight your response. (1pt)

a. True

b. False

33. Please construct a terms & connectors search about a dog hurting someone in a variety of ways. (1pt)

Dog OR canine OR “pit bull” /S bit! OR maim! OR maul! OR kill! /P adult OR man OR woman OR child OR minor

34. Please match the letter from the Word Bank below that best applies to an item in the top list. Each letter

will be used only once. (4 pts)

__C__ attack! __D__ “stop and frisk”

__G__ Natural language search __H__ Terms & connectors search

__A__ Expands a search __B__ Narrows a search

__E__ parent /5 right __F__ bl**d

Word Bank

A. OR E. Proximity connector

B. AND F. Universal character

C. Truncation G. defense provocation dog bite

D. Phrasing H. liabil! /P (dog /3 bit!) AND provo!

35. Please refer to the screenshot below to answer the question that follows.

a. Using full citation format, please provide the most specific and relevant Topic & Key Number

information for the headnote that discusses reaching into an open bed of a pickup truck to remove

property as constituting entry of a structure to support a third-degree burglary conviction. (2pts)

Burglary 67k4 – Character of building

36. Please refer the Topic & Key Number listed immediately below and match the items in the Word Bank with

an item in the top list. Each letter will be used only once. (4pts)

Animals 28k3.5(5) – Protective and anti-cruelty regulation in general

__A__ Topic Number

__C__ Topic title (or name)

__B__ Key Number

__D__ Key Number title (or name)

Word Bank

a. 28

b. 3.5(5)

c. Animals

d. Protective and anti-cruelty regulation in general

37. No Arizona statutory research is complete without finding any applicable Arizona state regulations. Please

highlight your response. (1pt)

a. True

b. False

38. The Arizona Administrative Register is the state equivalent (or counterpart) to the Federal Register. Please

highlight your response. (1pt)

a. True

b. False

39. Please use Document #2, provided separately, to answer the questions that follow.

a. Please provide the full citation to the regulation, including the subsection, highlighted in pink.

(2pts)

27 C.F.R. § 4.39(h)(1)(i) – Health related statements – definitions

b. How current is this regulation? (2pts)

Current through November 9, 2017; 82 FR 52014.

40. Which of the following statements about legal forms are TRUE? Please highlight all that apply. (2pts)

a. Sample petitions, motions, discovery request, and briefs are examples of transactional forms.

b. Legal forms can be specific to a jurisdiction or for general use and adapted to your jurisdiction.

c. Many court websites offer sample and statutory forms for attorneys and self-represented persons to

use.

d. Sample legal forms should be used wisely and not used to avoid thinking or actual work.

Extra Credit: (1 pt each)

1. What is the name of the bomb-sniffing dog that Ronnie, the medically retired veteran, wanted to adopt

and who appeared in Class 3’s statutory research part 1 exercise? Rexy

2. What is the last name of your class TA? Rozanski (section 09); Lynch (section 01)

3. Which of the following is the correct spelling of a bill that is passed and becomes a law? Please

highlight your response.

a. Statue

b. Statute

Document #1 – Notes of Decisions for A.R.S. 13-2916

Condit, Cynthia 11/12/17

For Educational Use Only

List of 13 Notes of Decisions for § 13-2916. Use of an electronic communication to terrify...

Notes Of Decisions (13)

Validity

Criminal statute prohibiting use of telephone to threaten or intimidate swept in broad array of constitutionally

protected speech in form of threats to person or property of another, and thus, violated First Amendment and

State Constitution. State v. Musser (App. Div.1 1997) 191 Ariz. 228, 954 P.2d 1053 , review granted, vacated

194 Ariz. 31, 977 P.2d 131 , reconsideration denied. Constitutional Law 2146 ; Telecommunications

730

Court would not attempt narrowing construction of statute prohibiting use of telephone to threaten or intimidate,

so as to save statute from constitutional overbreadth challenge; while one means of narrowing would have

been to limit statute to threats to commit unlawful acts, criminal statutes had to define, rather than simply

assert, illegality, and subsection following that at issue had previously been held to establish unconstitutional

presumption. State v. Musser (App. Div.1 1997) 191 Ariz. 228, 954 P.2d 1053 , review granted, vacated 194

Ariz. 31, 977 P.2d 131 , reconsideration denied. Telecommunications 730

Provision of § 13-895 (renumbered as this section) prohibiting obscene, threatening, or harassing telephone

calls made with intent to terrify, intimidate, threaten, harass, annoy, or offend is not invalid as overbroad on

theory that it applies to constitutionally protected speech. State v. Hagen (App. Div.1 1976) 27 Ariz.App. 722,

558 P.2d 750 . Constitutional Law 2146 ; Telecommunications 730

Provision of § 13-895 (renumbered as this section) proscribing any person, with intent to harass, annoy or

offend, from telephoning another and using obscene, lewd or profane language was not unconstitutionally

vague. State v. Hagen (App. Div.1 1976) 27 Ariz.App. 722, 558 P.2d 750 . Telecommunications 1013

Provision of § 13-895 (renumbered as this section) relating to “obscene” and “profane” telephone calls

was not unconstitutionally vague. Baker v. State (App. Div.2 1972) 16 Ariz.App. 463, 494 P.2d 68 .

Telecommunications 1010

Provision of § 13-895 (renumbered as this section) proscribing “profane” telephone calls did not abridge

freedom of religion guaranteed by First Amendment. Baker v. State (App. Div.2 1972) 16 Ariz.App. 463, 494

P.2d 68 . Constitutional Law 1414 ; Telecommunications 730

Provision of criminal statute relating to obscene telephone calls that ‘the use of obscene, lewd or profane

language or the making of a threat or statement as set forth in the section shall be prima facie evidence of

intent to terrify, intimidate, threaten, harass, annoy or offend‘ was unconstitutional inasmuch as it was not

rational to assume that merely because person used obscene, lewd, or profane language over telephone it

could be concluded that person was doing so with intent proscribed by statute. Baker v. State (App. Div.2

1972) 16 Ariz.App. 463, 494 P.2d 68 . Telecommunications 730

Threats made responding to call

Defendant did not violate provision of § 13-895 (renumbered as this section) that it shall be unlawful to

telephone another and use any obscene, lewd or profane language or to threaten to inflict harm, where

defendant did not telephone his ex-wife and the offensive language and threats to her were allegedly

made by him over telephone after she called him. State v. Mercer (1977) 116 Ariz. 542, 570 P.2d 484 .

Telecommunications 1013

Standing

Defendant did not have standing to make overbreadth challenge to telephone harassment statute that was

constitutionally applied to his conduct where statute did not pose real and substantial danger to protected

expression of parties not before court; no likelihood was shown that State would attempt to apply statute to

protected activities and statute clearly implicated conduct as well as speech, both of which factors weighed

against allowing challenge by one not directly affected. State v. Musser (1999) 194 Ariz. 31, 977 P.2d 131 .

Constitutional Law 859

Prospect of deterrence of protected speech was sufficiently colorable to confer standing on defendant to

bring overbreadth challenge to statute prohibiting use of telephone to threaten or intimidate, even though he

did not claim that telephonic conduct for which he was convicted was constitutionally protected. State v.

Musser (App. Div.1 1997) 191 Ariz. 228, 954 P.2d 1053 , review granted, vacated 194 Ariz. 31, 977 P.2d 131 ,

reconsideration denied. Constitutional Law 859

There is element of discretion in decision to relax standing requirements in cases asserting unconstitutional

overbreadth; the more strained or unlikely the hypothetical invasion of another's rights, the less likely the

conferral of standing. State v. Musser (App. Div.1 1997) 191 Ariz. 228, 954 P.2d 1053 , review granted,

vacated 194 Ariz. 31, 977 P.2d 131 , reconsideration denied. Constitutional Law 795

Only colorable prospect of real and substantial deterrence of legitimate expression will induce court to employ

standing exception to examine potential impact of statute on expressive rights of persons not before court.

State v. Musser (App. Div.1 1997) 191 Ariz. 228, 954 P.2d 1053 , review granted, vacated 194 Ariz. 31, 977

P.2d 131 , reconsideration denied. Constitutional Law 855

Courts should not launch into constitutional overbreadth analysis merely because litigant can conceive of

some impermissible applications of statute. State v. Musser (App. Div.1 1997) 191 Ariz. 228, 954 P.2d 1053 ,

review granted, vacated 194 Ariz. 31, 977 P.2d 131 , reconsideration denied. Constitutional Law 1163

Document #2 – 27 C.F.R. § 4.39

Code of Federal Regulations

Title 27. Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms

Chapter I. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department of the Treasury (Refs & Annos)

Subchapter A. Alcohol (Refs & Annos)

Part 4. Labeling and Advertising of Wine (Refs & Annos)

Subpart D. Labeling Requirements for Wine

27 C.F.R. § 4.39

§ 4.39 Prohibited practices.

Effective: March 31, 2006

Currentness

(a) Statements on labels. Containers of wine, or any label on such containers, or any individual covering, carton, or

other wrapper of such container, or any written, printed, graphic, or other matter accompanying such container to the

consumer shall not contain:

(1) Any statement that is false or untrue in any particular, or that, irrespective of falsity, directly, or by ambiguity,

omission, or inference, or by the addition of irrelevant, scientific or technical matter, tends to create a misleading

impression.

(2) Any statement that is disparaging of a competitor's products.

(3) Any statement, design, device, or representation which is obscene or indecent.

(4) Any statement, design, device, or representation of or relating to analyses, standards, or tests, irrespective of

falsity, which the appropriate TTB officer finds to be likely to mislead the consumer.

(5) Any statement, design, device or representation of or relating to any guarantee, irrespective of falsity, which

the appropriate TTB officer finds to be likely to mislead the consumer. Money-back guarantees are not prohibited.

(6) A trade or brand name that is the name of any living individual of public prominence, or existing private or

public organization, or is a name that is in simulation or is an abbreviation thereof, or any graphic, pictorial, or

emblematic representation of any such individual or organization, if the use of such name or representation is

likely falsely to lead the consumer to believe that the product has been endorsed, made, or used by, or produced

for, or under the supervision of, or in accordance with the specifications of, such individual or organization;

Provided, That this paragraph shall not apply to the use of the name of any person engaged in business as a

producer, blender, rectifier, importer, wholesaler, retailer, bottler, or warehouseman of wine, nor to the use by any

person of a trade or brand name that is the name of any living individual of public prominence or existing private

or public organization, provided such trade or brand name was used by him or his predecessors in interest prior to

August 29, 1935.

(7) Any statement, design, device, or representation (other than a statement of alcohol content in conformity with

§ 4.36), which tends to create the impression that a wine:

(i) Contains distilled spirits;

(ii) Is comparable to a distilled spirit; or

(iii) Has intoxicating qualities.

However, if a statement of composition is required to appear as the designation of a product not defined

in these regulations, such statement of composition may include a reference to the type of distilled spirits

contained therein.

(8) Any coined word or name in the brand name or class and type designation which simulates, imitates, or which

tends to create the impression that the wine so labeled is entitled to bear, any class, type, or permitted

designation recognized by the regulations in this part unless such wine conforms to the requirements prescribed

with respect to such designation and is in fact so designated on its labels.

(9) Any word in the brand name or class and type designation which is the name of a distilled spirits product or

which simulates, imitates, or created the impression that the wine so labeled is, or is similar to, any product

customarily made with a distilled spirits base. Examples of such words are: “Manhattan,” “Martini,” and “Daquiri” in

a class and type designation or brand name of a wine cocktail; “Cuba Libre,” “Zombie,” and “Collins” in a class

and type designation or brand name of a wine specialty or wine highball; “creme,” “cream,” “de,” or “of” when used

in conjunction with “menthe,” “mint,” or “cacao” in a class and type designation or a brand name of a mint or

chocolate flavored wine specialty.

(b) Statement of age. No statement of age or representation relative to age (including words or devices in any brand

name or mark) shall be made, except (1) for vintage wine, in accordance with the provisions of § 4.27; (2) references

relating to methods of wine production involving storage or aging in accordance with § 4.38(f); or (3) use of the word

“old” as part of a brand name.

to age, if such statement appears in lettering not greater than 8–point Gothic caps and in the following form: “Bottled

in ___” (inserting the year in which the wine was bottled).

(d) Statement of miscellaneous dates. No date, except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section with respect

to statement of vintage year and bottling date, shall be stated on any label unless in addition thereto and in direct

conjunction therewith in the same size and kind of printing, there shall be stated an explanation of the significance thereof

such as “established” or “founded in”. If any such date refers to the date of establishment of any business or brand name,

it shall not be stated, in the case of containers of a capacity of 5 liters or less, in any script, type, or printing larger than 2

millimeters, and shall be stated in direct conjunction with the name of the person, company, or brand name to which it

refers if the appropriate TTB officer finds that this is necessary in order to prevent confusion as to the person, company,

or brand name to which the establishment date is applicable.

(e) Simulation of Government stamps.

(1) No labels shall be of such design as to resemble or simulate a stamp of the United States Government or any

State or foreign government. No label, other than stamps authorized or required by the United States Government

or any State or foreign government, shall state or indicate that the wine contained in the labeled container is

produced, blended, bottled, packed, or sold under, or in accordance with, any municipal, State or Federal

Government authorization, law, or regulation, unless such statement is required or specifically authorized by

Federal, State or municipal law or regulation, or is required or specifically authorized by the laws or regulations of

a foreign country. If the municipal, State, or Federal Government permit number is stated upon a label, it shall not

be accompanied by any additional statement relating thereto.

(2) Bonded wine cellar and bonded winery numbers may be stated but only in direct conjunction with the name

and address of the person operating such wine cellar or winery. Statement of bonded wine cellar or winery

numbers may be made in the following form: “Bonded Wine Cellar No. ___”, “Bonded Winery No. ___”, “B. W. C.

No. ___”, “B. W. No. ___”. No additional reference thereto shall be made, nor shall any use be made of such

statement that may convey the impression that the wine has been made or matured under Government

supervision or in accordance

with Government specifications or standards.

(3) If imported wines are covered by a certificate of origin and/or a certificate of vintage date issued by a duly

authorized official of the appropriate foreign government, the label, except where prohibited by the foreign

government, may refer to such certificate or the fact of such certification, but shall not be accompanied by any

additional statements relating thereto. The reference to such certificate or certification shall be substantially in the

following form:

This product accompanied at the time of the importation by a certificate issued by the

(Name of government)

government indicating that the product is

(Class and type as stated on the label)

and (if label bears a statement of vintage date) that the wine is of the vintage of

(Year of vintage stated on the label)

(f) Use of the word “Importer”, or similar words. The word Importer, or similar words, shall not be stated on labels

on containers of domestic wine except as part of the bona fide name of a permittee for or by whom, or of a retailer for

whom, such wine is bottled, packed or distributed: Provided, That in all cases where such words are used as part of such

name, there shall be stated on the same label the words “Product of the United States”, or similar words to negative any

impression that the product is imported, and such negative statement shall appear in the same size and kind of printing

as such name.

(g) Flags, seals, coats of arms, crests, and other insignia. Labels shall not contain, in the brand name or otherwise, any

statement, design, device, or pictorial representation which the appropriate TTB officer finds relates to, or is capable

of being construed as relating to, the armed forces of the United States, or the American flag, or any emblem, seal,

insignia, or decoration associated with such flag or armed forces; nor shall any label contain any statement, design,

device, or pictorial representation of or concerning any flag, seal, coat of arms, crest or other insignia, likely to mislead

the consumer to believe that the product has been endorsed, made, or used by, or produced for, or under the supervision

of, or in accordance with the specifications of the government, organization, family, or individual with whom such flag,

seal, coat of arms, crest, or insignia is associated

(h) Health-related statements—

(1) Definitions. When used in this paragraph (h), terms are defined as follows:

(i) Health-related statement means any statement related to health (other than the warning statement

required by §16.21 of this chapter) and includes statements of a curative or therapeutic nature that,

expressly or by implication, suggest a relationship between the consumption of alcohol, wine, or any

substance found within the wine, and health benefits or effects on health. The term includes both specific

health claims and general references to alleged health benefits or effects on health associated with the

consumption of alcohol, wine, or any substance found within the wine, as well as health-related

directional statements. The term also includes statements and claims that imply that a physical or

psychological sensation results from consuming the wine, as well as statements and claims of nutritional

value (e.g., statements of vitamin content). Statements concerning caloric, carbohydrate, protein, and fat

content do not constitute nutritional claims about the product.

(ii) Specific health claim is a type of health-related statement that, expressly or by implication,

characterizes the relationship of the wine, alcohol, or any substance found within the wine, to a disease or

health-related condition. Implied specific health claims include statements, symbols, vignettes, or other

forms of communication that suggest, within the context in which they are presented, that a relationship

exists between wine, alcohol, or any substance found within the wine, and a disease or health-related

condition.

(iii) Health-related directional statement is a type of health-related statement that directs or refers

consumers to a third party or other source for information regarding the effects on health of wine or

alcohol consumption.

(2) Rules for labeling—

(i) Health-related statements. In general, labels may not contain any health-related statement that is

untrue in any particular or tends to create a misleading impression as to the effects on health of alcohol

consumption. TTB will evaluate such statements on a case-by-case basis and may require as part of the

health-related statement a disclaimer or some other qualifying statement to dispel any misleading

impression conveyed by the health-related statement.

(ii) Specific health claims.

(A) TTB will consult with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as needed, on the use of a

specific health claim on a wine label. If FDA determines that the use of such a labeling claim is a

drug claim that is not in compliance with the requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and

Cosmetic Act, TTB will not approve the use of that specific health claim on a wine label.

(B) TTB will approve the use of a specific health claim on a wine label only if the claim is truthful

and adequately substantiated by scientific or medical evidence; sufficiently detailed and qualified

with respect to the categories of individuals to whom the claim applies; adequately discloses the

health risks associated with both moderate

and heavier levels of alcohol consumption; and outlines the categories of individuals for whom

any levels of alcohol consumption may cause health risks. This information must appear as part

of the specific health claim.

(iii) Health-related directional statements. A statement that directs consumers to a third party or other

source for information regarding the effects on health of wine or alcohol consumption is presumed

misleading unless it—

(A) Directs consumers in a neutral or other non-misleading manner to a third party or other

source for balanced information regarding the effects on health of wine or alcohol consumption;

and

(B)(1) Includes as part of the health-related directional statement the following disclaimer: “This

statement should not encourage you to drink or to increase your alcohol consumption for health

reasons;” or

(2) Includes as part of the health-related directional statement some other qualifying statement

that the appropriate TTB officer finds is sufficient to dispel any misleading impression conveyed

by the health related directional statement.

(i) Geographic brand names.

(1) Except as provided in subparagraph 2, a brand name of viticultural significance may not be used unless the

wine meets the appellation of origin requirements for the geographic area named.

(2) For brand names used in existing certificates of label approval issued prior to July 7, 1986:

(i) The wine shall meet the appellation of origin requirements for the geographic area named; or

(ii) The wine shall be labeled with an appellation of origin in accordance with § 4.34(b) as to location and

size of type of either:

(A) A county or a viticultural area, if the brand name bears the name of a geographic area smaller than a

state, or;

(B) A state, county or a viticultural area, if the brand name bears a state name; or

(iii) The wine shall be labeled with some other statement which the appropriate TTB officer finds to be

sufficient to dispel the impression that the geographic area suggested by the brand name is indicative of

the origin of the wine.

(3) A name has viticultural significance when it is the name of a state or county (or the foreign equivalents), when

approved as a viticultural area in part 9 of this chapter, or by a foreign government, or when found to have

viticultural significance by the appropriate TTB officer.

(j) Product names of geographical significance (not mandatory before January 1, 1983). The use of product names with

specific geographical significance is prohibited unless the appropriate TTB officer finds that because of their long usage,

such names are recognized by consumers as fanciful product names and not representations as to origin. In such cases

the product names shall be qualified with the word “brand” immediately following the product name, in the same size

of type, and as conspicuous as the product name itself. In addition, the label shall bear an appellation of origin under

the provisions of § 4.34(b), and, if required by the appropriate TTB officer, a statement disclaiming the geographical

reference as a representation as to the origin of the wine.

(k) Other indications of origin. Other statements, designs, devices or representations which indicate or infer an origin

other than the true place of origin of the wine are prohibited.

(l) Foreign terms. Foreign terms which: (1) Describe a particular condition of the grapes at the time of harvest (such as

“Auslese,” “Eiswein,” and “Trockenbeerenauslese”); or (2) denote quality under foreign law (such as “Qualitatswein”

and “Kabinett”) may not be used on the labels of American wine.

(m) Use of a vineyard, orchard, farm or ranch name. When used in a brand name, a vineyard, orchard, farm or ranch

name having geographical or viticultural significance is subject to the requirements of §§ 4.33(b) and 4.39(i) of this part.

Additionally, the name of a vineyard, orchard, farm or ranch shall not be used on a wine label, unless 95 percent of the

wine in the container was produced from primary winemaking material grown on the named vineyard, orchard, farm

or ranch.

(n) Use of a varietal name, type designation of varietal significance, semi-generic name, or geographic distinctive

designation. Labels that contain in the brand name, product name, or distinctive or fanciful name, any varietal (grape

type) designation, type designation of varietal significance, semi-generic geographic type designation, or geographic

distinctive designation, are misleading unless the wine is made in accordance with the standards prescribed in classes 1,

2, or 3 of § 4.21. Any other use of such a designation on other than a class 1, 2, or 3 wine is presumed misleading.

Credits

[T.D. 6521, 25 FR 13841, Dec. 29, 1960, as amended by T.D. ATF–53, 43 FR 37678, Aug. 23, 1978; T.D. ATF–66, 45

FR 40546, June 13, 1980; T.D. ATF–94, 46 FR 55095, Nov. 6, 1981; T.D. ATF–126, 48 FR 2764, Jan. 21, 1983; 49 FR

31671, Aug. 8, 1984; 50 FR 759, Jan. 7, 1985; 50 FR 51852, Dec. 20, 1985; 51 FR 20482, June 5, 1986; 51 FR 21547,

June 13, 1986; T.D.. ATF–355, 59 FR 14553, March 29, 1994; T.D. ATF–425, 65 FR 11890, March 7, 2000; T.D. AFT–

431,65 FR 59724, Oct. 6, 2000; 68 FR 10103, March 3, 2003; T.D. TTB–44, 71 FR 16921, April 4, 2006]

SOURCE: T.D. 6521, 25 FR 13835, Dec. 29, 1960; 50 FR 51852, Dec. 20, 1985; T.D. ATF–459, 66 FR 38549, July

25, 2001; T.D. ATF–463, 66 FR 42733, Aug. 15, 2001; T.D. ATF–479, 67 FR 30797, May 8, 2002; T.D. ATF–483, 67

FR 62857, Oct. 8, 2002; T.D. ATF–487, 68 FR 3747, Jan. 24, 2003; T.D. TTB–8, 69 FR 3829, Jan. 27, 2004, unless

otherwise noted.

AUTHORITY: 27 U.S.C. 205.

Notes of Decisions (9)

Current through November 9, 2017; 82 FR 52014.