© 2023 United Parcel Service of America, Inc. UPS, the UPS brandmark, and the color dark brown tone are trademarks of United Parcel Service of America, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reconciliation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Non-GAAP Financial Measures; Reconciliations
From time to time we supplement the reporting of our financial information determined under generally accepted
accounting principles ("GAAP") with certain non-GAAP financial measures.
Adjusted financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as an alternative for, our reported results
prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our adjusted financial measures do not represent a comprehensive basis of
accounting and therefore may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
Forward-Looking Non-GAAP Metrics
From time to time when presenting forward-looking non-GAAP metrics, we are unable to provide quantitative
reconciliations to the most closely correlated GAAP measure due to the uncertainty in the timing, amount or nature of
any adjustments, which could be material in any period.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Changes and Hedging Activities
We supplement the reporting of revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit with adjusted measures that exclude the
period-over-period impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes and hedging activities. We believe currency-neutral
revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit information allows users of our financial statements to understand
growth trends in our products and results. We evaluate the performance of International Package and Supply Chain
Solutions on this currency-neutral basis.
Currency-neutral revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit are calculated by dividing current period reported U.S.
Dollar revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit by the current period average exchange rates to derive current
period local currency revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit. The derived amounts are then multiplied by the
average foreign currency exchange rates used to translate the comparable results for each month in the prior year period
(including the period-over-period impact of foreign currency hedging activities). The difference between the current
period reported U.S. Dollar revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit and the derived current period U.S. Dollar
revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit is the period-over-period impact of currency fluctuations
Incentive Compensation Program Design Changes
During 2022, we completed certain structural changes to the design of our incentive compensation programs that
resulted in a one-time, non-cash charge in connection with the accelerated vesting of certain equity incentive awards that
we do not expect to repeat. We supplement the presentation of our operating profit, operating margin, income before
income taxes, net income and earnings per share with non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of these changes. We
believe excluding the impacts of such changes allows users of our financial statements to more appropriately identify
underlying growth trends in compensation and benefits expense. For information regarding incentive compensation
program design changes, see note 13 to the audited, consolidated financial statements.
Long-lived Asset Estimated Residual Value Changes
During the fourth quarter of 2022, we incurred a one-time, non-cash charge resulting from a reduction in the estimated
residual value of our MD-11 fleet. We supplement the presentation of our operating profit, operating margin, income
before income taxes, net income and earnings per share with non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of this charge.
We believe excluding the impact of this charge better enables users of our financial statements to understand the
ongoing cost associated with our long-lived assets.
Transformation Charges, and Goodwill, Asset Impairment and Divestiture Charges
We supplement the presentation of our operating profit, operating margin, income before income taxes, net income and
earnings per share with non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of charges related to transformation activities, and
goodwill, asset impairment and divestiture charges. We believe excluding the impact of these charges better enables
users of our financial statements to view and evaluate underlying business performance from the perspective of
management. We do not consider these costs when evaluating the operating performance of our business units, making
decisions to allocate resources or in determining incentive compensation awards.
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Medical Plan Gains and Losses
We recognize changes in the fair value of plan assets and net actuarial gains and losses in excess of a 10% corridor
(defined as 10% of the greater of the fair value of plan assets or the plan's projected benefit obligation), as well as gains
and losses resulting from plan curtailments and settlements, for our pension and postretirement defined benefit plans
immediately as part of Investment income and other in the statements of consolidated income. We supplement the
presentation of our income before income taxes, net income and earnings per share with adjusted measures that exclude
the impact of these gains and losses and the related income tax effects. We believe excluding these defined benefit plan
gains and losses provides important supplemental information by removing the volatility associated with plan
amendments and short-term changes in market interest rates, equity values and similar factors
Free Cash Flow
We calculate free cash flow as cash flows from operating activities less capital expenditures, proceeds from disposals of
property, plant and equipment, and plus or minus the net changes in other investing activities. We believe free cash flow
is an important indicator of how much cash is generated by our ongoing business operations and we use this as a
measure of incremental cash available to invest in our business, meet our debt obligations and return cash to
shareowners.
Adjusted Return on Invested Capital
Adjusted ROIC is calculated as the trailing twelve months (“TTM”) of adjusted operating income divided by the average
of total debt, non-current pension and postretirement benefit obligations and shareowners’ equity, at the current period
end and the corresponding period end of the prior year. Because adjusted ROIC is not a measure defined by GAAP, we
calculate it, in part, using non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are most indicative of our ongoing business
performance. We consider adjusted ROIC to be a useful measure for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of our
long-term capital investments.
Adjusted Total Debt / Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted total debt is defined as our long-term debt and finance leases, including current maturities, plus non-current
pension and postretirement benefit obligations. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes,
depreciation and amortization adjusted for the impacts of incentive compensation program redesign, transformation and
other costs, defined benefit plan gains and losses and other income. We believe the ratio of adjusted total debt to
adjusted EBITDA is an important indicator of our financial strength, and is a ratio used by third parties when evaluating
the level of our indebtedness.
25