Akash Agrawal
Customizing Materials Management
Processes in SAP
®
ERP Operations
Bonn
�
Boston
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Contents at a Glance
1 Introduction ............................................................................ 21
2 SAP Organizational Structure ................................................ 33
3 Master Data ........................................................................... 55
4 Procurement Processes ........................................................... 95
5 Inventory Management Processes ......................................... 171
6 Invoice Verication ................................................................. 209
7 Inventory Valuation ................................................................ 271
8 Key Congurations in SAP Materials Management ............... 295
9 Material Classication ............................................................ 361
10 Conclusion ............................................................................... 369
A The Author ............................................................................... 375
B List of Important Transaction Codes ....................................... 377
C List of Important Tables .......................................................... 383
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7
Contents
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... 15
Preface ....................................................................................................... 17
Who Needs This Book .......................................................................... 17
How to Use This Book .......................................................................... 17
1 Introduction .............................................................................. 21
1.1 Overview of SAP ERP .................................................................. 21
1.2 Overview of Materials Management ........................................... 24
1.3 SAP System Environment: Development, Quality, and
Production Clients ...................................................................... 26
1.3.1 Client Descriptions ......................................................... 29
1.3.2 Transport Requests ......................................................... 30
1.4 Summary .................................................................................... 32
2 SAP Organizational Structure .................................................. 33
2.1 Introduction to Organizational Structures ................................... 33
2.1.1 Levels of an Organizational Structure .............................. 34
2.1.2 Business Scenarios and Organizational Structure ............. 37
2.2 Setting Up Organizational Structures in an SAP System ............... 42
2.2.1 Creating Company Codes ............................................... 42
2.2.2 Dening Valuation Levels ............................................... 43
2.2.3 Creating Plants ............................................................... 44
2.2.4 Assigning Plants to Company Codes ............................... 46
2.2.5 Creating Storage Locations for Plants .............................. 46
2.2.6 Creating Purchasing Organizations .................................. 47
2.2.7 Assigning Purchasing Organizations to Company Codes
and Plants ...................................................................... 48
2.2.8 Assigning Standard Purchasing Organizations to Plants ... 50
2.2.9 Assigning Purchasing Organizations to Reference
Purchase Organizations .................................................. 51
2.2.10 Creating Purchase Groups ............................................... 52
2.3 Summary ................................................................................... 53
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8
Contents
3 Master Data ............................................................................. 55
3.1 Vendor Master Records ............................................................... 56
3.1.1 Vendor Account Group ..................................................... 57
3.1.2 Field Selection .................................................................. 59
3.1.3 Number Interval ............................................................... 61
3.1.4 Vendor Status (One-Time Vendor) .................................... 64
3.1.5 Reconciliation Accounts for Vendor Master Records ......... 64
3.1.6 Partner Schemas ............................................................... 65
3.2 Material Master Records ............................................................. 70
3.2.1 Main Attributes ............................................................... 72
3.2.2 Conguring a New Material Type ...................................... 74
3.2.3 Dening a Number Range for a Material Type .................. 77
3.2.4 Dening Field Selections .................................................. 79
3.2.5 Dening Material Groups ................................................ 80
3.3 Purchasing Info Records .............................................................. 81
3.3.1 Structure .......................................................................... 82
3.3.2 Creation .......................................................................... 85
3.3.3 Conguration ................................................................... 86
3.4 Source List .................................................................................. 87
3.4.1 Structure ......................................................................... 87
3.4.2 Creation .......................................................................... 89
3.4.3 Conguration ................................................................... 89
3.5 Quota Arrangement .................................................................... 90
3.5.1 Elements ......................................................................... 90
3.6 Summary .................................................................................... 93
4 Procurement Processes ............................................................. 95
4.1 Item Category ............................................................................. 96
4.2 Procure to Pay ............................................................................ 98
4.2.1 Business Scenario ............................................................. 99
4.2.2 P2P Documents ................................................................ 99
4.3 Direct Material Procurement ....................................................... 105
4.3.1 Business Scenario ............................................................. 105
4.3.2 Process Steps .................................................................... 106
4.3.3 Conguration Steps .......................................................... 107
4.4 Indirect Materials Procurement ................................................... 107
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9
Contents
4.4.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 108
4.4.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 110
4.4.3 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 110
4.5 Blanket Purchase Orders for Consumable Materials ..................... 113
4.5.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 113
4.5.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 114
4.5.3 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 115
4.6 Service Procurement .................................................................. 116
4.6.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 116
4.6.2 Service Master Record .................................................... 117
4.6.3 Documents and Price Conditions in Service
Procurement .................................................................. 118
4.6.4 Process Steps ................................................................. 119
4.6.5 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 121
4.7 Consignment Procurement .......................................................... 126
4.7.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 126
4.7.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 129
4.7.3 Conguration Steps ....................................................... 132
4.8 Subcontract Procurement ............................................................ 132
4.8.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 132
4.8.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 136
4.8.3 Conguration Steps ....................................................... 140
4.9 Third-Party Procurement ............................................................. 140
4.9.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 140
4.9.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 141
4.9.3 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 143
4.10 Outline Agreements ................................................................... 143
4.10.1 Contract Agreements ...................................................... 144
4.10.2 Scheduling Agreements .................................................. 150
4.11 Stock Transfer ............................................................................. 154
4.11.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 154
4.11.2 One Step Stock Transfer ................................................. 155
4.11.3 Two Step Stock Transfer .................................................. 157
4.11.4 Stock Transport Orders ................................................... 158
4.11.5 Stock Transfer from One Company Code Plant to
Another Company Code Plant ........................................ 159
4.12 Inter-Company Purchases ............................................................ 160
4.12.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 160
4.12.2 Stock Transport Order with Delivery via Shipping .......... 161
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10
Contents
4.12.3 Stock Transport Order with Delivery and Billing
Document/Invoice ........................................................ 162
4.12.4 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 164
4.13 Summary .................................................................................... 168
5 Inventory Management Processes .......................................... 169
5.1 Movement Types ........................................................................ 171
5.2 Inbound and Outbound Processes .............................................. 175
5.2.1 Inbound/Outbound Process Denitions ......................... 176
5.2.2 Inventory Management Congurations ........................... 178
5.3 Stock Types in Inventory Management ........................................ 183
5.3.1 Standard Stock Types .................................................... 183
5.3.2 Goods Receipt Blocked Stock ......................................... 186
5.3.3 Special Stock Types ........................................................ 188
5.4 Physical Inventory Management Processes ................................. 190
5.4.1 Process Steps ................................................................. 191
5.4.2 Cycle Counting Method ................................................. 193
5.5 Vendor Return Process ................................................................ 198
5.5.1 Return without Return Purchase Order ........................... 199
5.5.2 Return with Return Purchase Order ................................ 200
5.5.3 Return with Return Purchase Order and
Outbound Delivery ........................................................ 202
5.6 Summary .................................................................................... 205
6 Invoice Verication .................................................................. 207
6.1 Basics of Invoice Verication ....................................................... 209
6.2 Purchase Order-Based Invoice Verication .................................. 212
6.3 Goods Receipt-Based Invoice Verication ................................... 213
6.4 Invoices for Account-Assigned Purchase Orders .......................... 213
6.4.1 Account Postings ............................................................ 214
6.4.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 215
6.5 Invoices for Blanket Purchase Orders ......................................... 216
6.6 Evaluated Receipt Settlements ................................................... 217
6.6.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 217
6.6.2 Prerequisites in Master Data .......................................... 218
6.6.3 Process Steps ................................................................. 220
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11
Contents
6.7 Invoicing Plans ............................................................................ 222
6.7.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 222
6.7.2 Periodic Invoicing Plan ................................................... 222
6.7.3 Partial Invoicing Plan ..................................................... 223
6.7.4 Customization ................................................................ 224
6.7.5 Process Steps ................................................................. 227
6.8 Subsequent Debit/Credit ............................................................ 229
6.8.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 229
6.8.2 Account Postings ............................................................ 229
6.8.3 Process Steps ................................................................. 231
6.9 Credit Memos and Reversals ...................................................... 232
6.9.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 232
6.9.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 233
6.10 Invoice Verication in Background Processing ............................. 234
6.10.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 234
6.10.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 235
6.11 Invoice Reductions .................................................................... 237
6.11.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 237
6.11.2 Account Posting ............................................................. 238
6.11.3 Process Steps ................................................................. 238
6.12 Invoices with Variances .............................................................. 240
6.12.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 241
6.12.2 Account Posting ............................................................. 241
6.12.3 Process Steps ................................................................. 243
6.12.4 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 243
6.13 Taxes in Invoice Verication ....................................................... 245
6.13.1 Entering Tax Data in an Invoice ...................................... 246
6.13.2 Conguration ................................................................. 246
6.14 Discounts in Invoice Verication ................................................. 247
6.14.1 Account Postings ............................................................ 248
6.14.2 Conguration of Gross/Net Posting ................................ 250
6.14.3 Conguration of Payment Terms ..................................... 251
6.15 Invoice Blocking ........................................................................ 252
6.15.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 252
6.15.2 Quantity Variance .......................................................... 254
6.15.3 Price Variance ................................................................ 255
6.15.4 Stochastic Blocking ........................................................ 256
6.15.5 Manual Blocking ............................................................ 258
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12
Contents
6.15.6 Tolerances ...................................................................... 260
6.15.7 Releasing Blocked Invoices ............................................. 262
6.16 GR/IR Account Maintenance ....................................................... 263
6.17 Duplicate Invoice Check ............................................................. 266
6.18 Summary .................................................................................... 267
7 Inventory Valuation ................................................................. 269
7.1 Valuation Area ............................................................................ 269
7.2 Valuation Methods: Moving Average Price and Standard Price .... 271
7.2.1 Moving Average Price “V” ............................................. 272
7.2.2 Standard Price “S” .......................................................... 273
7.2.3 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 274
7.2.4 Process Steps ................................................................. 276
7.3 Material Price Changes ............................................................... 277
7.3.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 277
7.3.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 281
7.3.3 Conguration Steps for Price Changes in the Previous
Period/Year .................................................................... 282
7.4 Split Valuation ............................................................................ 283
7.4.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 283
7.4.2 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 285
7.4.3 Process Steps ................................................................. 289
7.5 Summary ................................................................................... 292
8 Key Congurations in SAP Materials Management ................. 293
8.1 Release Strategy .......................................................................... 294
8.1.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 294
8.1.2 Basic Concepts of Release Strategy ................................. 295
8.1.3 Conguration Steps for Release Procedure without
Classication .................................................................. 297
8.1.4 Conguration Steps for the Release Procedure with
Classication .................................................................. 302
8.1.5 Process Steps ................................................................. 310
8.2 Pricing Procedure ........................................................................ 311
8.2.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 312
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Contents
8.2.2 Process Steps ................................................................. 312
8.2.3 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 314
8.3 Automatic Account Determination ............................................. 323
8.3.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 323
8.3.2 Conguration with the Automatic Account
Determination Wizard .................................................... 325
8.3.3 Conguration without the Automatic Account
Determination Wizard .................................................... 325
8.3.4 Process Steps ................................................................. 332
8.4 Document Type .......................................................................... 335
8.4.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 336
8.4.2 Conguration Steps ....................................................... 337
8.4.3 Process Steps ................................................................. 340
8.5 Version Management .................................................................. 340
8.5.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 340
8.5.2 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 341
8.5.3 Process Steps ................................................................. 345
8.6 Message Determination .............................................................. 346
8.6.1 Business Scenario ........................................................... 347
8.6.2 How Message Determination Works .............................. 348
8.6.3 Conguration Steps ........................................................ 349
8.6.4 Process Steps ................................................................. 355
8.7 Summary .................................................................................... 356
9 Material Classication .............................................................. 357
9.1 Introduction to Material Classication ........................................ 357
9.2 Key Terms of the Classication System ........................................ 360
9.3 Conguration Steps ..................................................................... 361
9.3.1 Step 1: Dene Characteristics ......................................... 362
9.3.2 Step 2: Dene Class ....................................................... 365
9.3.3 Step 3: Assign Objects to Classes .................................... 366
9.4 Summary .................................................................................... 368
10 Conclusion ................................................................................ 369
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14
Contents
Appendices ..................................................................................... 373
A The Author ........................................................................................... 375
B List of Important Transaction Codes ..................................................... 377
B.1 Material Master & Service Master ............................................... 377
B.2 Vendor Master ............................................................................ 377
B.3 Other Master Records ................................................................. 378
B.4 Inventory Management ............................................................... 378
B.5 Physical Inventory ....................................................................... 379
B.6 Purchasing & Invoicing Transactions ............................................ 379
B.7 Conguration .............................................................................. 381
C List of Important Tables ........................................................................ 383
C.1 Material Master Tables ................................................................ 383
C.2 Other Important Tables ............................................................... 383
Index ......................................................................................................... 385
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70
MasterData
3
You can de ne different partner schemas at different data retention levels
within the vendor master record. For example, you can have a different order-
ing address at the purchasing organization level than you do at the plant level .
Assign Partner Schemas to Account Groups 2.
In this step, you assign partner schemas to account groups. Go to SAP IMG
•
Materials Management
•
Purchasing
•
Partner Determination
•
Partner
Roles
•
Assign Partner Schemas to Account Groups, as shown in Figure
3.14.
Assign Partner Schema to Vendor Account Group Figure 3.14
In this section, you’ve learned about the essential characteristics and functions in
vendor master records. In the next section, we’ll move on to discussing material
master records.
Material Master Records3.2
Material master records are the key element of MM. In this section, we’ll discuss
how material master records are created at different organizational levels and how
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71
MaterialMasterRecords
3.2
different department-specic data is maintained in different views. We’ll also dis-
cuss the main controlling elements of material master records such as material
type.
Material master records are a company’s main source for material-specic data.
The transaction codes for material master records are as follows:
Create material:
MM01
Change material:
MM02
Display material:
MM03
Material master data has different views for each department, which are the same
as tab pages. For example, the purchasing view is used for ordering, the account-
ing view is used for material valuation, and the MRP view is used for planning
(Figure 3.15).
Materials Suppliers
Consumers
Sales and
Distribution
Production
Planning
Purchasing
Finance and Controlling
Inventory
(Stores)
Distribution
Organization - Departments
Shop Floor
Control
Plant
Maintenance
Quality
Control
Material Master
Basic Data-1&2
Accounting Data
Purchasing
MRP1 to 4
Storage Data
Sales Data
Quality
……………..
Material Master Views for Different Department DataFigure 3.15
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72
MasterData
3
The material master code is created centrally, and each department can maintain
department-specic data in the material master record (just as with the vendor
master record). This concept is illustrated in Figure 3.16.
Client
Company
Code
Plant
Storage Location
Material Master
Client-Level Data
Ex: Material Number, Short Te xt,
Material Group, Base UOM, etc.
Plant-Level Data
Ex: Accounting, Purchasing Data,
MRP Data, Forecasting Data, etc.
Storage Location-Level Data
Ex: Storage Bin, Storage Conditions,
Picking Area, etc.
Material Master Organizational Level DataFigure 3.16
General data that’s valid enterprise-wide is stored at the client level, and plant-
relevant data is maintained at the plant level. Similarly, data that’s valid for a par-
ticular storage location is maintained at the storage location level.
In the following sections, you’ll learn about the main attributes and congurations
of material master data.
Main Attributes 3.2.1
The main attributes of material master data are the material number, industry sec-
tor, and material type, as shown in Figure 3.17.
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73
MaterialMasterRecords
3.2
Material Number:
18 character (can be alphanumeric)
Internal, external, and mixed number range
Industry Sector:
One character (alphanumeric is possible)
Controls: Screen setup and screen sequence
Material Type:
Four characters
Important control functions
Screen sequence
Field selection
Procurement type
Number assignment
Main Attributes of Material Master DataFigure 3.17
The material number is a unique 18 character eld. It can be entered manually, or
be created automatically by the system, based on the type of number assignment.
For external number assignment, you can enter the material number manually,
and for internal number assignment, the system will create the material number
automatically when you save the material master record.
The
industry sector, as shown in Figure 3.17, controls the screen setup and screen
sequence. The SAP system includes predened industry sectors, but if any specic
requirement doesn’t match with these predened sectors, you can create your
own.
Material types have many controlling functions, including the following:
Number assignment
Number range
Procurement type
Screen setup (i.e., allowed views, eld selection, and screen sequence)
Price control
Account determination
Quantity and value updating in plants
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74
MasterData
3
SAP provides precon gured material types, but you can also create your own by
copying the standard material types and making the required changes. Some of the
SAP-provided material types are:
ROH: raw material
HALB: semi- nished material
FERT:  nished material
Configuring a New Material Type3.2.2
To con gure a new material type, go to SAP IMG
•
Logistics-General
•
Material
Master
•
Basic Settings
•
Material Types
•
De ne Attributes of Material Types
(Figure 3.18).
Material TypesFigure 3.18
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75
MaterialMasterRecords
3.2
Here, you can either make changes to an SAP-provided material type (such as
DIEN, HALB, or FERT), or you can create a new one. To do the latter, either
click on the New Entries button, or copy an existing material type and make the
required changes.
Note
If you want to create a new material type, we recommend copying a SAP-provided ma-
terial type and then making changes, instead of starting from scratch. Otherwise, you
need to maintain multiple settings and screens, which can be very time consuming.
For additional settings, select the Material type and click on the Details button. You
will see the details of the selected material type as shown in Figure 3.19.
Material Type CreationFigure 3.19
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76
MasterData
3
The following are the key settings in material types (Figure 3.19):
Field Reference Key
This determines the eld status such as Required, Hidden, Display, and
Optional.
Views (User Departments)
User departments such as purchasing, sales, and production are referred to as
views in the material master. This determines which views can be selected for the
material type. For example, a sales view is essential for nished goods because
you need to maintain sales department-specic data to sell the materials.
Pipeline
Allowed/Mandatory
This determines whether pipeline handling is possible or mandatory. It also
determines whether it’s possible to set external and internal purchase orders,
as well as quantity and value updates.
Type of Procurement
This determines whether internal procurement, external procurement, or both
are allowed.
Price Control
You can select Standard Price or Moving Average Price for a material type, as
shown in Figure 3.19. The selected price control is copied (defaulted) when you
create a material master record, but you can change price control from Standard
Price to Moving Average Price and vice versa. If the checkbox Price Ctrl Manda-
tory is activated, the price control method selected in the material type cannot
be changed while creating a material master record.
After you’ve selected the material type, click on the Quantity/Value Updating
folder (on the left side of the screen). As Figure 3.20 illustrates, you need to select
Quantity Update and Value Update in each valuation area. The signicance of these
elds is as follows:
Quantity Update
Species that the material is managed on a quantity basis in the material master
record for the relevant valuation area.
Value Update
Species that the material is managed on a value basis in the material master
record for the valuation area concerned. The values are updated in the respec-
tive G/L accounts at the same time.
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77
MaterialMasterRecords
3.2
Quantity/Value Updating for Material Type and Valuation AreaFigure 3.20
Defining a Number Range3.2.3 for a Material Type
In this step, you de ne the type of number assignments and the number of range
intervals for material master records. When creating a material master record, you
must assign it a unique number. There are two ways of doing this:
Internal number assignment1.
In this case, a number within the de ned number range is assigned by the SAP
system.
External number assignment2.
In this case, you can assign a number within the de ned number range interval.
You can de ne the intervals for external number assignments numerically as
well as alphanumerically.
You can also de ne both an internal and an external number range interval for the
material type.
To con gure a number range for material types, go to the menu path SAP IMG
•
Logistics-General
•
Material Master
•
Basic Settings
•
Material Types
•
De ne
Number Range for each Material Type. (Figure 3.21).
Click on Maintain Group to maintain a new group for the new number range, as
shown in Figure 3.21. In the top screen menu, go to Group
•
Insert (shown in
Figure 3.21), the result of which is shown in Figure 3.22. Enter the group Text
(the group name) and a new number range in the From Number and To Number
elds, and then click Save.
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78
MasterData
3
Number Range for Material TypesFigure 3.21
Number Range and Number Range GroupsFigure 3.22 for Material Type
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79
MaterialMasterRecords
3.2
Defining Field Selections3.2.4
The  eld status of a  eld in material master data is controlled by the following:
Material type
Transaction code
Industry sector
Plant
Procurement type (internal/external)
Similar  elds are organized under different groups called eld selection groups . For
example, Field Selection Group 1 contains two elds, Base Unit of Measure, and
Unit of Measurement Text, as shown in Figure 3.23.
A  eld reference key is assigned to each of the different controlling units such as
material types , transaction codes , industry sectors , plants , and procurement types .
For example, Field Reference keys DIEN and MM03 are assigned to the Service
material type and the Display Material transaction, respectively.
Maintain the eld status for the combination of Field Selection Group and Field
Reference Key , as shown in Figure 3.23.
Field Selection in Material MasterFigure 3.23
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80
MasterData
3
It’s important to know that SAP recommends the following:
The eld status
of a eld selection group for the eld reference key pre xed
with “SAP” must not be changed.
The eld reference key for transaction codes and procurement type (E – internal
procurement, and F – external procurement ) are already con gured and cannot
be changed.
New  eld reference keys must begin with Y or Z.
New  eld selection groups,
if required, can be taken from those that aren’t pre-
con gured. For example, 206 through 240 are available.
The system determines how the  eld status should be set, as follows:
The eld status “Hidden
” has the highest priority, followed by “Display, ”
“Mandatory, ” and “Optional, ” in that order.
As shown in Figure 3.23, while in Transaction code “Display Material
(MM03)”, all  elds in  eld selection group “1” have a status of “Display.”
Defining Material Groups3.2.5
You can de ne different material groups to distinguish various materials. For exam-
ple, an enterprise that manufactures computers can classify computers as desktops,
laptops, and servers; each of these would be its own group. To de ne material
groups, go to SAP IMG
•
Logistics – General
•
Material Master
•
Settings for
Key Fields
•
De ne Material Groups, as shown in Figure 3.24.
Material GroupsFigure 3.24
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385
A
ABC analysis, 197
Absolute value, 223, 260
Limits, 244
Access sequence, 312, 314, 317, 349
Account-assigned, 213
Account Assignment, 97
Category, 109, 111, 143, 214, 302
Account category reference, 286, 326
Account determination without the
wizard, 325
Account group, 58, 60, 64
Account grouping, 174, 330
Accounting, 56
Data, 57
Department, 57, 102, 137, 138, 155,
157, 161, 169, 186, 190, 240, 241,
264, 332
View, 71
Accounting view, 273, 275, 281, 324
Account posting, 134, 214, 255
Accounts Payable, 131
Activity, 60
Agent, 309
Agreement Type MK, 147
ALE, 305
Allowed partner roles, 68
Allowed transactions, 52
Amount, 210, 235, 253
APO system, 343
Approval, 294
Approver, 294
Asset, 109
Assign number range, 340
Attributes, 72
Authorization, 294
Automatic account determination, 171,
293, 323
Automatic blocking, 259
Automatic creation, 85
Automatic invoice reduction, 244
Automatic PO, 174
Automatic postings, 325
Automatic storage location creation, 174
Auxiliary account, 109
Availability check, 165, 166
B
Background processing, 234
Balance, 211
Balance eld, 243
Balance quantity, 254
Balance sheet, 36, 193
Bank account, 56
BAPI, 343
Basic data, 210
Basic Data Status, 122
Basis, 30
Batch job, 132, 221, 229, 234, 263
Batch numbers, 186
Best Practices, 95
Billing date, 224
Billing Document, 160, 162
Billing status, 228
Bill of Material, 134
Blanket purchase order, 216, 113
Blocked, 254
Blocked for payment, 258
Blocked indicator, 88
Blocked stock, 128, 183
Blocking, 88
Blocking reason, 253
BOM, 134
Usage, 134
Book of accounts, 269
Index
280_Book.indb 385 7/8/09 5:10:27 PM
386
Index
Building rent, 222
Business partner, 56, 65, 188
Business process, 168
Buyer, 34, 37
C
Calculate tax, 211
Calculation schema, 313, 318, 321
Calculation type, 316
Cancellation, 233
Cash discount, 249
Amounts, 248
Clearing account, 249
CBP, 25
Centrally, 55, 72
Centrally-agreed contract, 146
Change material, 71
Change mode, 61
Character format, 363
Characteristic, 303, 305, 357, 360
Chart of accounts, 324, 326
Checking Rules, 165, 166
Class, 304, 305, 357, 360
Classication, 357
Classication system, 357
Class type, 360
Client, 33, 34, 55
Client-independent, 27
Client level, 56, 57, 72, 82
Collective release, 311
Communication structures, 303
Company code, 33, 35, 36, 39, 42, 46,
55, 60, 154, 159
Data, 59
Level, 269
Specific purchasing organization, 49
Company-owned special stock, 188
Components, 134, 137
Conditional acceptance, 186
Condition class, 316
Condition control, 86
Condition record, 312, 314, 349
Conditions, 52, 82, 117, 119, 124, 127,
136, 143, 162
Condition table, 314, 349, 350
Condition techniques, 348
Condition type, 312, 313, 314, 349
Congurations, 293
Consignment, 126, 207
Consignment info record, 84, 127, 132
Consignment liabilities, 126, 131
Consignment Price, 127
Consignment Process, 127
Consignment Procurement, 97
Consignment Purchase Order, 127
Consignment Stock, 128, 131
Consumable materials, 84, 107, 113,
216, 231
Consumption Account, 138, 108
Consumption G/L account, 214
Continuous inventory, 194
Contract, 126, 144
Controlling indicators, 298
Controlling parameters, 174
Controlling Status, 122
Co-products, 135
Copying function, 43
Corporate group, 160, 170
Cost account, 231
Cost Center, 108, 109
Costing, 44
Cost of Goods Manufactured, 138
Count, 190
Created automatically, 85
Created manually, 85
Create material, 71
Credit memo, 201, 203, 209,
229, 232,
234, 237, 238, 240, 241
CRM, 23
Cross-client, 27, 317
Cross-company code, 39
Cross-company stock transport, 164
280_Book.indb 386 7/8/09 5:10:27 PM
387
Index
Cross-plant purchasing, 38
Currency, 102
Currency format, 364
Current period, 278
Customer consignment stock, 188
Customer master, 55
Customer number, 165
Customer premises, 189
Customizable, 24
Cycle counting, 194, 195
Method, 193
D
Damage, 157, 185, 186
Damaged goods, 198
Data type, 363
Date category, 226
Date format, 363
Date proposal, 227
Dening valuation levels, 43
Deliveries, 221
Delivery, 160
Delivery address, 142
Delivery Costs, 158, 161
Delivery Dates, 143
Delivery document, 221
Delivery Schedules, 143
Delivery tab, 289
Delivery Time, 140
Delivery Type, 166
NL, 167
NLCC, 167
Delivery via shipping, 161
Department, 71
Department-specic data, 72
Development client, 29
Direct Material, 105, 110
Procurement, 105, 152
Discount, 102, 314, 217, 247
Display, 59, 80, 111, 343
Display material, 71
Distribution channel, 165
Division, 165
Document category, 340, 345, 349
Document type, 96, 100, 115, 140, 148,
150, 153, 163, 166, 167, 202, 293, 294,
335, 340, 342, 345
UB, 158, 159
Document type FO, 227
Double invoice check, 207
Due date, 222
Duplicate invoice check, 266
E
Electronic data interchange (EDI), 207,
346
Email, 82, 294, 346
Employees, 309
End product, 135
Enterprise, 21, 95
Enterprise resource planning (ERP), 21
ERP systems, 21
Error log, 237
ERS, 207
Indicator, 218
Evaluated receipt settlement, 209, 217
Excess consumption, 134
Excess delivery, 198
External documents, 99, 101, 302, 309
External Labor Account, 138
External labor price, 138
Externally-owned special stock, 188, 189
External number assignment, 61, 73, 77
External number range, 122
External numbers, 337
External procurement, 80, 99
External purchase order, 286
External representations, 97
External service, 116
Procurement, 116
280_Book.indb 387 7/8/09 5:10:27 PM
388
Index
F
Factory calendar, 46
Fax, 82, 294, 346
Field, 350
Field reference key, 76, 79
Field selection, 59, 79, 343
Field selection group, 79, 80
Field selection key, 298, 337
Field selection priority, 61
Field status, 60, 80
Finance and accounting department, 207
Financial Accounting, 171
Invoice documents, 211
Financial reports, 64
Finished components, 133
Finished material, 74
Fiscal year, 194
Fixed indicator, 88
Fixed source, 88
Follow-on documents, 240, 337
Forecast, 150
Foreign currencies, 127
For purchasing documents, 353
Framework Requisition, 115
FRC, 150
Freight, 102
Functional department, 22, 56
G
General data, 57, 59, 72, 82
General ledger (G/L) account, 36, 55, 64,
200, 210, 232, 323
G/L account posting, 211, 324
GL accounts, 102, 138, 139
Global agreements, 40
Global categories, 285
Global Outline Agreements, 41
Global types, 285
Golden Client, 30
Goods issue, 169, 175
Goods movement, 169, 171
Goods receipt, 98, 102, 114, 134, 152,
169, 175, 214, 332
Blocked stock, 183, 186
Quantity, 254
Goods receipt-based invoice, 209
Verification, 212, 218
Verification indicator, 218
GR/IR account, 138, 143, 263
GR/IR account maintenance, 263
GR/IR clearing account, 263
Gross posting, 248, 249
Gross price, 102, 314
Group of characteristics, 361
H
Hidden, 80, 111
Hold, 211
I
Implementation, 26, 33
Inbound process, 170, 175
Incoming invoice, 211
Indirect Material Procurement, 107
Individual release, 311
Industry sector, 72, 73, 79
Industry type, 367
Info category, 82
Info record, 218
Category, 127, 135
Info update indicator, 85, 101
Inherited, 56
Insert, 63
Integrated, 23
Inter Company Purchases, 160
Inter Company Stock Rransfer, 160
Intermediate account, 263
Internal documents, 99, 302
Internal inventory management, 170
280_Book.indb 388 7/8/09 5:10:27 PM
389
Index
Internal number, 63, 337
Internal number assignment, 61, 73, 77
Internal procurement, 80
Internal purchase order, 286
Internal representation, 97
Inventory, 25
Inventory count, 190
Inventory management, 169, 183
Inventory posting, 330
Inventory sampling, 194
Inventory valuation, 269, 324
Invoice, 98, 103, 121, 127, 131, 134,
139, 140, 207, 229, 232, 234
Invoice blocking, 252, 253
Invoice date, 210, 235
Invoice document, 207, 220
Invoice due date, 223
Invoice number, 209
Invoice price, 255
Invoice quantity, 254
Invoice receipt, 148, 152, 214
Invoice reduction, 211, 237, 238
Invoice settlement, 131
Invoice status, 228
Invoices with reduction, 209
Invoices with variances, 240
Invoice value, 257
Invoice Verication, 103, 207
Background processing, 209, 234
Services, 118
Invoicing party, 65, 68
Invoicing plan, 207, 209, 222
Settlement, 228
Type, 226
Issue goods, 334
Issuing company code, 161
Issuing plant, 158, 162
Item Category, 95, 96, 115, 129, 158,
336
Item Category D, 119
Item Category L, 136
Item Category M, 145
Item Category S, 143
Item Category U, 159
Item Category W, 146
Item conditions, 145
Item-level release, 309
J
Just-in-time (JIT), 150
L
Labor charges, 138
Landscape, 29
Layout, 211
Legal document, 207
Liabilities, 64
Limits, 216
Limit values, 244
Loading, 140
Local currency, 43
Logistics, 24, 25
Low price, 233
M
Mandatory, 80, 111, 172
Manual approval, 294
Manual blocking, 258, 259
Manual creation, 85
Market price, 277
Master Conditions, 118
Master data, 26, 55, 87, 305
Master data objects, 357
Material classication, 357, 361
Material document, 102, 176, 180, 186,
190
Material group, 80, 84, 102, 124, 126,
145, 302
Material master record, 70, 73, 102, 114,
273, 277, 324
280_Book.indb 389 7/8/09 5:10:28 PM
390
Index
Material number, 73, 357, 367
Material price, 127, 277, 314
Material price changes, 277
Materials Management (MM), 357
Materials movement, 193
Material type, 72, 73, 74, 79, 112, 326,
367
Material Unknown, 145
Material valuation, 71
Material Withdrawals, 126
Message determination, 293, 346
Messages, 211
Message schema, 349, 353
Message types, 354
Model invoicing plan, 223
Modiable, 30
Movement type, 137, 140, 142, 158,
162, 171, 185, 187, 193, 199, 202, 205,
325
Moving average price, 76, 229, 255, 256,
269
MRP, 183, 298
MRP indicator, 88
Multiple values, 364
N
Negative differences, 244
Negative stock, 179
Net posting, 248, 249
Net price, 311
New dimensional, 23
New entry, 47
Non-operating expense, 242
Non-stock material, 112
Non-valuated material, 112
Number assignment, 61, 73, 337
Number interval, 61
Number Range, 61, 77, 122, 124, 148,
178, 180, 337, 339
Groups, 78, 122
Numeric format, 363
O
Objects, 357, 360, 366
Ofce supplies, 107
Offsetting entry, 214, 231, 330
One Step Stock Transfer, 155, 156
One-time account, 64
One-time vendor, 57, 64
Optional, 59, 80, 111, 172, 343
Ordering address, 65, 70, 102
Ordering party, 68
Organizational level, 70, 82, 269
Organizational structure, 33, 37, 42, 55
Organizational unit, 33, 34, 324
Origins, 283
Outbound delivery, 177, 198, 202, 203
Outbound process, 170, 175
Outline agreement, 85, 89, 100, 143
Output, 345
Output devices, 354
Output media, 346
Over-consumption, 139
Own stock, 131
P
Pack, 202
Packaging materials, 189
Partial invoicing plan, 223
Partial stock, 285
Partner determination schema, 68
Partner role, 66, 68, 354
Partner schema, 65, 69
Payment, 103, 106, 126, 211, 253
Payment settlement dates, 247
Payment tab, 247, 258
Payment terms, 56, 248
Payment transaction, 244
Percentage, 223
Percentage limits, 244, 260
Periodic inventory, 193
Periodic invoicing plan, 222
280_Book.indb 390 7/8/09 5:10:28 PM
391
Index
PGI, 177
Physical inventory, 36, 170
Documents, 190
Indicator, 195
Management, 190
Physical stock, 25, 190
Pick, 202
Pipeline, 76
Pipeline info record, 84
Pipeline material, 188
P&L account, 36
Plant, 36, 44, 55, 79, 154, 269, 302
Plant assignments, 46
Plant code, 42
Plant conditions, 146
Plant creation, 45
Copy, 45
Plant data, 82
Plant info record, 314
Plant level, 70, 72, 119, 189, 269
Plant locations, 35
Plant parameters, 178
Plant-specic condition, 148
Plant-specic purchasing, 37, 38, 50
PO-based invoice, 209
PO-based invoice verication, 212
Poor quality, 185, 198
PO reference, 211
Positive difference, 244
Post Goods Issue, 137
Posting block, 191
Posting date, 210, 235
Posting keys, 324
Prerequisites, 301
Previous period, 278
Price components, 318
Price control, 76, 229, 230, 255, 271
Price control S, 271
Price control V, 271
Price determination, 162
Price difference, 240
Price difference G/L account, 255
Prices, 82, 217
Price variance, 253, 255
Pricing elements, 314
Pricing procedure, 293, 311, 318
Primary key, 26
Print, 82
Printer, 346
Printouts, 294
Probability, 257
Procurement, 96, 283
Cycle, 95
Plant, 90
Process, 207
Processes, 95, 97, 168
Type, 79, 90
Procure to Pay (P2P), 95, 97, 98
Product cost accounting, 269
Production client, 29
Production planning, 269, 357
Project, 109, 223
Project stock, 188
Purchase accounts, 325
Purchase order, 98, 100, 101, 131, 133,
134, 289, 296
History, 102, 186, 207, 231, 232
Price, 255
Purchase requisition, 98, 99, 133, 296,
299
Purchasing, 56, 162
Purchasing data, 57, 59
Purchasing Data Status, 122
Purchasing department, 22, 36, 57, 99
Purchasing document, 96, 110, 124
Purchasing document category, 335
Purchasing group, 34, 37, 52, 294, 348
,
354
Purchasing info record, 81, 84
Purchasing organization, 36, 47, 48, 49,
55, 70
Data, 82
Level, 124
Schema group, 313
Purchasing transaction, 347
Purchasing view, 71
280_Book.indb 391 7/8/09 5:10:28 PM
392
Index
Q
Quality, 283
Quality inspection, 184, 253
Quality-inspection stock, 183, 185
Quality inspector, 184
Quality Stock, 128
Quantity contract, 145, 147
Quantity or price variance, 252
Quantity update, 76
Quantity variance, 253, 254
Quota, 90
Quota allocated quantity, 90
Quota arrangement, 90
Quota base quantity, 90
Quota rating, 91
Quotation, 100
Quotation Comparison, 101
R
Raw material, 43, 47, 74, 105, 112, 132,
138, 324
Reason eld, 172
Reason key, 172
Receiving company code, 161
Receiving plant, 158, 161, 167
Reconciliation accounts, 64
Reduced amount, 237
Reference purchasing organization, 40,
51
Regular vendor, 84, 87
Release, 32, 262
Release automatically, 262
Release code, 296
Release conditions, 296
Release creation prole, 151
Released, 30
Release groups, 305
Release indicator, 306
Release manually, 262
Release orders, 52, 143, 144, 148
Release point, 300
Release prerequisite, 296
Release procedure, 294, 310
Release procedures
With classification, 295
Without classification, 295
Release status, 297, 308
Release strategy, 293, 294, 296
Releasing blocked invoices, 262
Replenishment delivery, 163
Required, 59, 343
Retail system, 269
Returnable transport packaging, 188
Stock, 188
Return delivery, 200
Return purchase order, 198, 200
Revenue account, 242
Reversals, 233
Reverse, 234
RFQ, 100, 299
Roles, 65
S
Sales and Distribution (SD), 357
Function, 160
Status, 122
Sales and distribution department, 22
Sales billing, 162
Sales order stock, 188
Sales organization, 165
Sales price, 245
Sandbox client, 30
SAP Production Planning, 44
SAP for Retail, 44
SAP server, 26
Scheduling Agreements, 150
Schema determination, 323
Schema group, 321
Scrap material, 47
Screen layout, 60
SC Stock per Vendor, 136
280_Book.indb 392 7/8/09 5:10:28 PM
393
Index
Search strategy, 351
Selection key, 355
Semi-nished, 132, 133, 138
Semi-nished material, 74
Semi-nished product, 139
Service Category, 121, 122
Service conditions, 126
Service Entry Sheet, 116, 118, 124, 221
Service level, 118
Service Master Record, 93, 117, 122
Services, 113, 216
Services Procurement, 116
Settlement, 139
Settlement information, 217
Settlement program, 220
Shipping, 160, 162
Ship-to party, 165
Simulate, 211
Simulate release, 301
Single step, 155
Single value, 364
Source Determination, 84, 124, 125
Source list, 87, 88, 89
Sources of supply, 87, 88, 90
Spare parts, 107
Special Item Categories, 146
Special procurement type, 90
Special stock, 183
Special stock types, 188
Split valuation, 283
SRM, 23
Standard document types, 338
Standard info record, 83
Standard price, 76, 230, 255, 269
Standard purchase orders, 323
Standard purchasing organization, 42
Standard stock, 183
Statistical goods receipt, 140
Stochastic blocking, 253, 256
Stock Account, 131, 138, 249, 256
Stock G/L account, 193
Stock in transit, 155
Stock material procurement, 135
Stock Overview, 130, 134, 170
Report, 156
Stock quantity, 169, 190
Stock Transfer, 154, 159
Scenarios, 154
Stock transport order, 158, 159, 165,
323
Stock type, 183, 186, 205
Stock valuation, 108, 134, 155, 157,
169, 189, 207
Storage location, 35, 36, 46, 47, 154,
169, 184
Storage location level, 189
Subcontract info records, 135
Subcontracting, 135
Subcontracting info record, 83
Subcontractor, 134
Stock, 140
Subcontract orders, 136
Subcontract Procurement, 132
Subcontract purchase order, 137
Subcontract stock, 188
Subcontract vendor, 141
Subledger, 64
Subsequent debit/credit, 209, 229
Sub-stocks, 283
Supplier, 98, 103
Supplying plant, 166
Suppress, 59, 343
Suppressed, 172
Surcharges, 314
System environment, 26
System stock, 190
T
Target quantity, 145, 150
Tax, 235, 245
Tax authorities, 245
Tax code, 218, 246
Tax jurisdiction code, 46
Tax procedure, 245, 246
280_Book.indb 393 7/8/09 5:10:28 PM
394
Index
Terms of payment, 102
Testing client, 29
Texts, 82
Third Party, 140
Third-Party Procurement, 140
Threshold value, 256, 257
Time-dependent conditions, 86
Time format, 363
Tolerance groups, 244
Tolerance keys, 260
Tolerance limits, 216, 243, 253
Tolerances, 82, 167, 216, 243, 260
Total-based, 242
Total-based invoice acceptance, 241
Total-based invoice reduction, 241
Total stock, 272
Total value, 272
Track changes, 340
Transaction, 210
Transactional, 26
Transaction codes, 79
Transaction key, 324
Transfer posting, 128, 158, 162, 185
Transfer Stock Removal, 158
Transit, 157, 158
Transportation, 140
Transport request, 29, 30, 305
Two-step, 158
Two-Step Stock Transfer, 155, 157
Type of procurement, 96
U
Under-consumption, 134, 139
Unloading costs, 140
Unrestricted Use Stock, 128, 183
UOM, 102
Usage decisions, 184
User parameter, 348
V
Validity date, 150, 216
Validity period, 88, 90, 145
Valuated, 183
Valuated goods receipt, 215, 228
Valuated material, 269
Valuation
Area, 44, 76, 155, 156, 157, 179,
269, 277, 324, 325, 326
Category, 285
Class, 122, 324, 325, 326,
328
Control, 325
Grouping code, 326
Level, 44
Method, 271, 275
Price, 138, 162, 207, 269, 281
Type, 285
Value, 302
Value-added tax, 245
Value basis, 108
Value contract, 145, 147
Value limit, 294
Values, 360, 361
Value update, 76
Variance, 240
Variance type, 253
Variant, 229
VAT amounts, 245
Vendor account group, 57, 62
Vendor consignment stock, 188
Vendor data, 64
Vendor error, 237
Vendor master, 55, 64
Vendor master record, 102, 244
Vendor premises, 188
Vendor return, 170, 198
Vendor schema group, 313
Vendor sub range, 69
280_Book.indb 394 7/8/09 5:10:28 PM
395
Index
Version management, 293, 340, 341,
345
View, 71, 76
W
Warehouse, 179
Warehouse management, 21
Weighted average price, 272
Wizard, 325
Work breakdown structure, 189
Workow, 309
X
XML, 207
280_Book.indb 395 7/8/09 5:10:28 PM