Survey — Introduction to survey commands 21
William Gemmell Cochran (1909–1980) was born in Rutherglen, Scotland, and educated at the
Universities of Glasgow and Cambridge. He accepted a post at Rothamsted before finishing his
doctorate. Cochran emigrated to the United States in 1939 and worked at Iowa State, North
Carolina State, Johns Hopkins, and Harvard. He made many major contributions across several
fields of statistics, including experimental design, the analysis of counted data, sample surveys,
and observational studies, and was author or coauthor (with Gertrude M. Cox and George W.
Snedecor) of various widely used texts.
Leslie Kish (1910–2000) was born in Poprad, Hungary, and entered the United States with his
family in 1926. He worked as a lab assistant at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research and
studied at the College of the City of New York, fighting in the Spanish Civil War before receiving
his first degree in mathematics. Kish worked for the Bureau of the Census, the Department of
Agriculture, the Army Air Corps, and the University of Michigan. He carried out pioneering
work in the theory and practice of survey sampling, including design effects, BRR, response
errors, rolling samples and censuses, controlled selection, multipurpose designs, and small-area
estimation.
References
Cochran, W. G. 1977. Sampling Techniques. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley.
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Plan and operation of the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study, 1992. In Vital and Health Statistics, ser. 1,
no. 35. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
Engel, A., R. S. Murphy, K. Maurer, and E. Collins. 1978. Plan and operation of the HANES I augmentation survey
of adults 25–74 years: United States 1974–75. In Vital and Health Statistics, ser. 1, no. 14. Hyattsville, MD:
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Fay, R. E., and G. F. Train. 1995. Aspects of survey and model-based postcensal estimation of income and poverty
characteristics for states and counties. In Proceedings of the Government Statistics Section, 154–159. American
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Heeringa, S. G., B. T. West, and P. A. Berglund. 2017. Applied Survey Data Analysis. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL:
CRC Press.
Kish, L. 1965. Survey Sampling. New York: Wiley.
Korn, E. L., and B. I. Graubard. 1999. Analysis of Health Surveys. New York: Wiley.
Kreuter, F., and R. Valliant. 2007. A survey on survey statistics: What is done and can be done in Stata. Stata Journal
7: 1–21.
Levy, P. S., and S. A. Lemeshow. 2008. Sampling of Populations: Methods and Applications. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ:
Wiley.
McCarthy, P. J. 1966. Replication: An approach to the analysis of data from complex surveys. In Vital and Health
Statistics, ser. 2. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
. 1969a. Pseudoreplication: Further evaluation and application of the balanced half-sample technique. In Vital
and Health Statistics, ser. 2. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
. 1969b. Pseudo-replication: Half-samples. Revue de l’Institut International de Statistique 37: 239–264.
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McDowell, A., A. Engel, J. T. Massey, and K. Maurer. 1981. Plan and operation of the Second National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976–1980. Vital and Health Statistics 1(15): 1–144.
Miller, H. W. 1973. Plan and operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: United States 1971–1973.
Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
Mu
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noz, E., and S. Morelli. 2021. kmr: A command to correct survey weights for unit nonresponse using groups’
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