Paediatrics 559
Paediatrics
Paediatric topics elsewhere:
Skin conditions, including infections, eczema and other lesions, see Skin, page 313
Consent and Children, see Consent, page 717
Other cross references are included in the relevant section
Epidemiology and Health Systems ................. 561
Epidemiology ............................................ 561
Health Systems ......................................... 562
International Agreements .......................... 562
History and Examination ................................ 563
Difference Between Adult and Child
History Taking .................................... 563
History Outline ......................................... 563
Examination .............................................. 564
When is a child really sick? ...................... 565
Dealing with Children and Families ............... 567
Talking with Children ............................... 567
Parent and Adolescent Education ............. 567
Families .................................................... 568
Preparing a child for surgery .................... 569
The Dying Child ....................................... 569
Autopsy of a Child .................................... 569
Behavioural Issues .................................... 570
Growth and Development .............................. 574
Child Development ................................... 574
Causes of Developmental Delay ............... 580
Effect of Chronic Disease on
Development ....................................... 582
Learning Disability ................................... 583
Child Development Team ......................... 585
Growth ...................................................... 585
Neonatal and Infants ....................................... 587
Examination of the Newborn .................... 587
Outcome after Preterm Birth..................... 589
Neonatal and Infant Anticipatory
Guidance (Parent Education) .............. 590
Breast-feeding ........................................... 590
Failure to Thrive (FTT) ............................ 591
The Crying Baby ...................................... 592
Sleep Management.................................... 593
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) .... 594
Neonatal Acute Airway Problems ............ 595
Hypoglycaemia of the New Born ............. 595
Jaundice .................................................... 595
Other Neonatal problems .......................... 596
Heart Disease in Children ............................... 596
The Blue Baby .......................................... 596
Congenital Heart Disease ......................... 598
Complications of Congenital Heart
Disease ................................................ 601
Rheumatic Fever ....................................... 602
Respiratory Illness .......................................... 604
Symptoms ................................................. 604
Chest Radiology ....................................... 604
Respiratory Tract Infections in Children .. 605
Asthma in Young Children ....................... 613
Differential of Wheezing in a Child.......... 614
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) .................................. 615
Infectious Diseases ......................................... 616
Fever in Children ...................................... 616
Potentially Serious Infections ................... 616
Common Paediatric Viruses ..................... 617
Orbital and Pre-Orbital Cellulitis .............. 618
Paediatric Orthopaedics .................................. 618
Congenital Abnormalities ......................... 618
Bone and Joint Injury and Infection ......... 620
Paediatric Neurology ...................................... 621
Neurological Exam in Children ................ 621
Head Size * ............................................... 624
Headaches ................................................. 624
Seizures..................................................... 625
Tics ........................................................... 628
Cerebral Palsy ........................................... 629
Muscular Dystrophy ................................. 630
Acute Weakness in Childhood .................. 630
Neural Tube Defects ................................. 630
Eye disorders in Children ......................... 631
Renal Disease in Children .............................. 632
Proteinuria ................................................ 632
Haematuria ............................................... 633
Acute Renal Failure .................................. 633
Chronic Renal Failure ............................... 634
Genito-Urinary ............................................... 634
Urinary Incontinence ................................ 634
Testes ........................................................ 636
Acute Scrotum .......................................... 636
Penis ......................................................... 637
Ambiguous Genitalia * ............................. 638
Gastro-Intestinal ............................................. 638
Abdominal Radiology ............................... 638
Congenital abnormalities .......................... 639
Acquired Causes of Obstruction ............... 641
GI Bleeding .............................................. 641
Hernias ...................................................... 641
Common Childhood Presenting Chronic
Symptoms ........................................... 642
Gastroenteritis ........................................... 644
Nutritional Deficiencies in Childhood ...... 646
Food Allergy ............................................. 647
Cervical Lumps ........................................ 648
Childhood Cancer ........................................... 648
Emergency Management ................................ 649
Assessing Fluid State ................................ 649
Paediatric Coma ........................................ 651
Paediatric Trauma ..................................... 652
Paediatric Anaesthetics ............................. 655