434 Daniela Jeder / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 92 ( 2013 ) 432 – 436
The subliminal curriculum triggers both positive and negative influences - from the second category we take
as an example: the symbolic violence that can take various forms in school-discriminatory attitudes and gestures,
threatening looks, ignoring the messages, lack of attention, etc. – and can foster a climate of inadequate study,
influence students’ self-esteem, transforming school into an environment without security.
The negative influences of the hidden curriculum must stand out to trainers, who can anticipate, avoid, reduce or
cancel them as much as it depends on them;
Here are some suggestions for training the ethical skills in this regard:
• Exercises of observation and analysis of the influences of the hidden/subliminal curriculum in: the classroom
climate, manuals and other official documents, extracurricular activities, family, etc.
• Identify those students who failed to adapt to the hidden curriculum of the school;
• Analysis of the hidden curriculum in the literary works describing school with all its influences (Mark Twain -
„I didn’t allow school to affect my education”, George Bacovia - „High school ... cemetery of my youth”,
Constantin Noica - school is the place where „nobody knows who gives and who receives”, Mihai Eminescu -
„But the character of a good school is for the student to learn in it more than what is taught, more than the
teacher himself knows”, Amos Bronson Alcott - „A true teacher defends his pupils by his personal influence”).
2.3 Phantom curriculum and applying the principle of refusal
It is a curriculum that displays false noble objectives in order to conceal or to cover/veil the real objectives,
pursued and implemented by using manipulation techniques; it affects subtly, subliminally the youth’s mentality
by promoting persistently certain types of values; it hides mysterious, secret, often petty interests, thus replacing
traditional values. It is a curriculum that is based on duplicity or hypocrisy, intentionally presenting an
appearance, a false reality, mimicking a certain moral behaviour in order to influence. (Leslie Owen Wilson,
1990)
Unfortunately school itself encourages or even forms a series of duplicitous behaviours - and those who suffer
are, unfortunately, the students and, as we know, not just them.
For training teachers’ ethical skills we suggest practicing the ability to see and understand beyond
appearances, to capture the hidden intentions, to engage in exposing them, assuming the related risks; giving up
the passive, defensive attitude, giving up dirigisme, " to expect proposals and changes from others", from upper
bodies and encouraging initiative and courage to implement change; encouraging the principle of doubt and
denial in specific situations as result of verticality and moral creed.
2.4 Null curriculum versus the respect for the learner
It indicates what is not taught in school by launching the idea that what is not taught is not important for their
training and therefore for the society in which they live. Also called "curriculum of ignorance", it is accompanied
by the prejudice that what is not taught does not deserve to be taught (Negre
Dobridor, 2008, 356), leading to
the risky situation for young people to be incapable of making their own choices, options, decisions, etc.
Ignorance in education is serious, it has harmful effects on education and can become aggressive if
accompanied by arrogance and contempt for what is ignored (ibid.).
Ethical responsibilities:
- The respect for the student also involves respect for what we teach, for what we offer them.
- The contents and the values must not be sacrificed at the expense of the so-called decongestion of the curricula
- A deep analysis of the real needs of the students, but also of those that are neglected
- The continuous enrichment of the learning experiences, as the motivation for knowledge and discovery.