i
INTERNSHIP IN TEACHING PRACTICES
An internship submitted for the partial fulfilment of requirement for the award
of Degree of Master of Arts in English
Batch: 2020-2022
Submitted by
DIKI LHAMU BHUTIA
Reg. No. 20LC402007
Under the Guidance of
Dr. BALAJI B. SHELKE
August 2022
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES
SRM UNIVERSITY SIKKIM
SIKKIM- 737102
ii
INTERNSHIP IN TEACHING PRACTICES
Submitted by
DIKI LHAMU BHUTIA
Reg. No.-20LC402007
MENG1841- INTERNSHIP
Submitted to
Department of English
School of Languages
SRM UNIVERSITY SIKKIM
In Partial Fulfillment of requirements for the award of the Degree of
MASTERS OF ARTS IN ENGLISH
AUGUST 2022
iii
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this internship report titled “Internship in Teaching Practices”
does not contain information of a commercial or confidential nature, or include
personal information other than which would be in the public domain unless the
relevant permission has been obtained.
This report was submitted in partial-fulfilment of the requirements for award of Master
of Arts Degree in English at SRM University Sikkim.
I also declare that this representation has not been previously published or submitted
as a project report for the award of any other degree.
DIKI LHAMU BHUTIA
20LC402007
AUGUST 2022
BONAFIDE
CERTIFICATE
Certified
that
this
internship
report
titled
"INTERNSHIP
IN
TEACHING
PRACTICES"
is
the
bonafide
work
of
Diki
Lhamu
Bhutia
(201C402007)
who
has
carried
out
the
research
under
my
supervision.
Certified
further,
that
to
the
best
of
my
knowledge
the
work
reported
herein
is
not
part
of
any
other
project
report
or
dissertation
based
on
which
a
degree
or
award
was
conferred
on
an
earlier
occasion
to
this
or
any
other
candídate.
Submitted
for
the
viva-voce
examination
held
on
12"
August
2022
SUPERÝISOR
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
ASSOCLATE
DEAN
v
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With great pleasure, I would like to extend my sincere appreciation and gratitude to Dr.
Archana Arul, Head of the Dept. (English) SRM University Sikkim, for giving me the
opportunity to do this internship. I would like to express my sincere and deepest sense of
gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Balaji B. Shelke for his precious guidance which were extremely
valuable for me for completion of my internship.
I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. U.P. Dhakal, Headmaster, Rey Mindu
JHS for allowing me to do my internship at his school, I would also like to thank my parents
and my siblings for supporting me either morally, financially or physically, throughout the
internship.
Lastly but not the least, I would like to thank all my friends, classmates and faculties of our
department for your constant support and guidance.
I thank you each and every one of you without whom, the completion of my internship would
not have been possible.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page No.
Cover Page ………………………………………………………………………………i
Title Page……………………………………………………………………………...…ii
Declaration……………………………………………………………………………...iii
Bonafide Certificate…………………………………………………………….……...iv
Internship Certificate……………………………………………………………..…....v
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………..….…vi
1) Introduction ……………………………………………………….…………01
2) Learning Objectives …………………………………………………………02
3) School Profile …………………….………………………………………….03
4) On The Job Learning …………………………………..….…………………05
5) Application of Theories, Skills and Concepts ……….………………………08
6) Self-Evaluation ………………………………………………………………11
7) SWOT Analysis ………………………………………….……..……………14
8) Conclusion ………………………………………….…………..……………15
9) DALR…………………………………………….……………..……………16
10) Contributions …………………………………….…………...……………..18
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INTRODUCTION
This report is based on the experiences I had during two months of internship in
‘Teaching Practices’ at Rey Mindu Junior High School, located at Rey Mindu, Ranka
BAC, East Sikkim. I choose to do internship at a school where I can gain ideas and
many new experience and get the opportunity to practice teaching. I have learned many
new things during two months of internship and also tried my best to adjust with the
new environment.
This internship helped me to learn and develop my skills and get insight into
professional setting like conducting an effective classroom learning, preparing lesson
plan, patience, stress management skills, and communication skill, etc. I learned, how
to manage time when connecting between university work, internship work and
personal work. I also learned to work with my colleagues in a professional setting. There
were many obstacles that I faced during two months internship, which I have
highlighted in the report such as time management, communication, etc.
This internship was my first experience in teaching and I have tried my best to learn
and experience many new things and in this report, I have attempted to highlight those
experiences.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
➢ To develop teaching competence through teaching experience.
➢ To learn to create a positive and productive classroom environment.
➢ To build my self-confidence in professional setting.
➢ To develop competence in creating and using instructional materials and
techniques.
➢ To learn to utilize technology for instruction and communication.
➢ To engage in self-evaluation in professional goal setting.
➢ To establish professional relationship with fellow colleague.
➢ To learn to create and implement effective lesson plan.
➢ To understand the school environment
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SCHOOL PROFILE
Name of the School : Govt. Junior High School, Rey Mindu
Year of establishment : 1959
Location : Rey Mindu, East Sikkim
GVK (BAC) : Ranka
Type of school : Co-Educational
Management : Education Dept. Govt. of Sikkim
Head of the school : Mr. U.P. Dhakal
About School
Rey Mindu JHS was established in the
year 1959 and is managed by the
Department of Education. It is located in
rural area of Rey Mindu under Ranka
BAC, East Sikkim. The school is co-
educational and consist of grade from
LKG to VIII with total no. of 26
students. The present head of the school
is Mr. U.P. Dhakal. There are total 24
teaching and non-teaching staff in the school where 14 are teaching staff consisting of
6 Graduate Teacher (GT), 7 Primary Teacher (PRT) and 1 Pre-Primary Teacher (PPT)
and rest 10 are the non-teaching staff.
The school has a three storey building and three cottages consisting of two classroom
each. The school has eleven classrooms for instructional purposes, including two ICT
rooms/ smart class. It has two other rooms for extracurricular activities, like Yoga room
and indoor activity room, a small reading corner and separate rooms for Headmaster,
teaching staff and non-teaching staff. The school also has a drinking water facilities and
provides mid-day meal for all students.
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School Vision:
To motivate self and others, to innovate for progress and change, to respect
values, to aspire and to be a compassionate human being.
Generating practical and theoretical knowledge that enables people to
understand the world and improve conditions for local and global communities.
Provide a welcoming, happy, safe and supportive learning environment in which
everyone is equal and all achievements are celebrated.
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ON THE JOB LEARNING
➢ Lesson planning:
Lesson planning or lesson plan is a ‘Plan of Action’ which is implemented by the teacher
in the classroom. It is teacher’s detailed description of the course of instruction for one
class. It helps teachers to overcome the feeling of nervousness and insecurity and it also
gives teacher confidence to face the class. It was originated from Gestalt psychology or
the Gestalt theory of learning that has a great influence on human learning.
During my internship period I learned to prepare a lesson plan before interacting in the
class and starting the lesson, preparing a lesson plan helped me focus on what is to be
taught in the class within the limited time and kept me and the students on the right
track. It also helped to overcome my nervousness and insecurities and face the class
with confident. It also helped me think ways and means of making the lesson interesting
like doing some activity. One thing that lesson plan helped me most was the time
management, since it was already decided in the lesson plan what topic is to be covered,
it left me with enough time to recapitulate the lesson taught with the students and see
whether they have understood or not.
➢ Use of TLM (Teaching Learning Material):
TLM (Teaching Learning material) is an instructional material used by the teachers to
enhance their teaching to be more comprehensive and effective in the classroom, like
use of charts, flashcards, flow charts, photographs, audio-visual aids, etc.
The use of TLM made the classroom more interesting and learning easy. It helped to
express concepts easily. There were some concepts which were harder to explain with
the words but with the help of TLM, I could make them understand easily, like during
one of my class I was to teach students about the description of one particular bird which
was unfamiliar to them. At first, I tried to explain it verbally, but they were not able to
understand it. Therefore, I explain it to them with the help of pictures and videos, which
they were able to understand easily.
➢ Readiness of student in teaching learning process:
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Another thing that I learned during this internship is that readiness of the students to
learn is one of main aspect of teaching and learning process, rather than a teacher being
a mechanical device for passing facts or completing the topic, a teacher should focus on
arousing interest in the students to learn. If a child is ready to learn, they learn more
quickly and effectively, if not than their mind would just wander off somewhere and
disturb the whole learning environment. So to make them ready for the lesson or to
arouse interest or to motive, I made them do some activities, made them watch some
videos and do some skit.
➢ Importance of reward and punishment in process of learning:
What I also learned during this internship is the importance of reward and punishment
in the process of learning. Since it was high school that I did my internship, the students
which I dealt was mostly under the age of 13 to 14. Getting a reward on specific result
encouraged them to do better with more interest and enthusiasm.
➢ Process of setting up question paper for examination, evaluating answer sheets
and preparing students report card:
I also learned to set examination questions, correcting and evaluating answer sheets and
preparing students’ report card.
➢ Time management:
Time management is the method of planning and balancing time between different
activities.
During the internship I also learned the skill of time management, which helped me to
use my time effectively between my university work, as an intern teacher and my
personal work. It assisted to allocate my time properly and accomplish works
efficiently.
➢ Patience:
One of the important characteristic a teacher should have is ‘patience’. Teachers often
face a condition where they feel pressurized by the staff or by the students but it’s
important that it should not reflect on their behavior.
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As an intern teacher, I learned to keep patience, not to take others behavior personally,
with this I also understood that be clam while interacting with colleagues, students or
any other.
➢ Communication Skills
➢ Stress Management
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APPLICATION OF THEORIES, SKILLS AND CONCEPT
➢ Thorndike’s Theory of learning (Trial and Error Theory):
E. L. Thorndike was the chief exponent of the theory of ‘Trial and Error’. According
to Thorndike the basis of learning is accepted in an association between the sense
impression and impulses to action. This association came to be known as ‘bond’ or
‘connection’ which become strengthened or weakened in the ‘making’ and ‘breaking’
of habits. It is also known as ‘theory of connectivism’. It is known as ‘Trial and Error
theory’ as learning takes place through random repetition.
Through this theory Thorndike gives three level of learning:
i. Law of readiness: which states that learning takes place only when the learner
is ready to learn.
ii. Law of effect: states that learning takes place properly when it results in
satisfaction and learner drives pleasure out of it.
iii. Law of exercise: states that drill or practice helps in increasing efficiency and
durability of learning.
➢ LSRW Skills (Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing) :
These four skills of language learning allow learners to comprehend and produce
spoken language for proper and effective interpersonal communication. This is a very
crucial way, where any one can develop their language and gradually become expert
in listening, speaking, reading and writing.
➢ Operant Conditioning:
It can be described as a process that attempts to modify behaviour through the use of
positive and negative reinforcement. B.F. Skinner is known as the father of ‘Operant
Conditioning’. It is also known as ‘Reinforcement Conditioning’. The most important
principle of this type of learning is that the behaviour changes according to its
immediate consequences. Pleasurable consequences strengthen behaviour while
unpleasant consequences weaken it.
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There are two components in operant conditioning:
i. Reinforcement: Skinner recognize two kind of reinforcement.
a. Positive reinforcement: strengthens the behaviour by providing a
consequence an individual finds rewarding. A positive reinforcement is a
positive reward; such as, praise, smile, prize, etc.
b. Negative reinforcement: weakens the undesirable response.
ii. Punishment:
a. Positive punishment: Punishment has consequences which are not
reinforcing and aims at reducing behaviour by imposing unwelcomed
consequences.
b. Negative punishment: strengthen desirable behaviour by withdrawing
unpleasant.
Operant conditioning can be used for modifying behaviour of children by appropriate
use of reinforcement or rewards.
➢ Motivational Skills:
Through this skill teacher can be effective in encouraging students, make them
curious, inquisitive, interested and focus on learning. Children who are motivated tend
to be engaged, persist longer, have better learning outcomes, and perform better than
other children on standardized achievement tests.
➢ Questioning Skills:
Deals with asking question to assess and improve learning. It is a device to draw
attention and interest to maintain discipline and to share knowledge.
➢ Bilingual Method:
This method was developed by C.J Dodson. It allows the teacher and pupils to use
two languages; one is the target language to be learnt and the other mother-tongue
which is used to achieve the target language English
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➢ Grammar cum Translation:
It is a traditional method through which language is taught. In grammar cum
translation method the teacher translates each and every word, phrase, and sentence
of English into mother-tongue of the students.
This method is based on two philosophical principles:
i. A foreign language can be easily learnt through translation.
ii. Grammar is the soul of language.
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SELF EVALUATION
I started internship keeping in mind that I’ll try to learn and acquire knowledge in
teaching as much as I can and help students in every aspect, along the journey of new
experience. During the two months of internship at Rey Mindu JHS, it helped me
develop basic skills of a school teacher. It taught how to conduct an effective classroom
learning, it also helped me learn that, patience and communication are the keys for
teaching. It also helped me understand the role of teacher in developing the basic skills
of students and how they can motivate and inspire students into learning.
When I first joined the school as an intern I was nervous and insecure as it was an
unfamiliar environment for me. I was anxious about students not being able to accept
me normally and understand me as I was unfamiliar to them and vice versa. Though at
the initial stage it was uncomfortable and awkward between me and the students as I
could not understand what to do. But as the time passed on and we could get familiar
with each other, the classes started to become interesting and fun, since the number of
students in class were three to five. It was easier for me to know and understand them
personally.
In view of teaching, one of the thing helped me the most was preparing lesson plan and
teaching learning materials (TLM) through which I was able to make students
understand various topics with ease and increase their interest in learning. Lesson plan
and TLM really helped me to complete teaching with stability and in given period of
time. I also learned the various ways to make lesson interesting like doing some
activities, preparing charts and videos related to content and to motivate students from
monotonous studying. While teaching students often failed to find the meaning of some
words in the books, so I encouraged them to use dictionary and learn to make use of it
properly which many students started to practice in their daily study such kind of habits
helped some of them to improve their selves, but I feel regretful that I could not develop
this habit among all.
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Since I was teaching English I tried to focus on improving students’ LSRW skills. For
Listening Skill, sometimes I read some phrases for students and make them complete
the worksheet that was prepare priorly and some time I took audios from internet and
made them complete the worksheet. They were not expose to such thing prior to it and
since they were weak in English most of students could not do it. For Speaking skill, I
made it compulsory for them to speak in English in class and made them do some role
play. Sometimes, I gave them some topics and made them speak on those topics but the
outcome was not as expected as only one out of three students was able to speak that
also not more than three to four lines. I also initiated students to start delivering morning
speeches (which I came to know through other faculties that they had stopped doing it
because most of the students remained absent when it was their turn to deliver speech).
I was assigned as the class teacher of class VIII, I encouraged the senior most students
of the school and told them to encourage their juniors, gave them topics and short
content for the speech so that they don’t feel pressured to write their own speech as it
was new to them and made them practice in front of their classmates. For their reading
skill, I made them read some books from the reading corner of the school and made
them read poems and prose in the classroom and also gave them some unseen passages
as a part of classroom assignment. And as for the Writing skill, I made them write
essays, letters, etc.
During this internship I was provided many opportunities to take part in various
activities, like be it teaching them morning prayers, National Anthem, celebrating
World Environment Day, International Olympic Day programs, sports activities, etc.
I also had to face many challenges during my internship, first of all was the management
of time. I had problem managing time between university work, school internship work
and personal work. At first, I also had problem regarding communicating with other
faculties, since I am introverted, could not communicate with other freely or initiate
conversation. It was difficult for me to make connections with other colleagues. Few of
the other challenges were handling big classroom. Total number of students in school
is very less and the classes I was handling have three to five students, it was easier for
me to manage them but if I am given bigger classroom with large number of students, I
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don’t have the experience and it might be hard for me to handle and manage them. There
was also the problem of language because most of the students could not understand
English, I had to translate everything into Nepali to the students, because of which there
was hinder in learning and teaching language.
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SWOT ANALYSIS
➢ Strengths:
• Patient
• Punctual
• Polite
• Unbiased
➢ Weakness:
• Introverted
• Lack of leadership quality
• Little experience in teaching
➢ Opportunity:
• Able to practice teaching in real life situation
• Able to learn different skills of teaching
➢ Threats:
• Inexperienced in teaching and handling larger classes with large number
of students.
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CONCLUSION
Being able to do an internship in teaching gave me an opportunity to understand the
role and value of a teacher in the lives of students and how a teacher can shape and hone
students’ basic skills in learning and in every other aspect. This two months of
internship gave a notable experience of my life and it was a big opportunity for me as I
could learn many vital things needed in a professional life. Through this internship I
tried to learn and understand the quality of an effective teacher, and tried to help
students in every aspect as I could. I learned to used different method and approaches
in teaching depending in the context.
While teaching I always tried to encourage and motivate students. I gave them different
activities, made use of smart class as much as I can. This made teaching and learning
more interesting and effective. I tried to do my internship with all the effort I could give
and learned so many things like how to deal with professional tasks and maintain good
relationship with colleagues and students.
Doing this internship help me learn that there are so many important things, other than
studies that helps to make learning environment more effective. I also understood that
besides studies co-curricular activities are also important for the holistic development
of a student.
Moreover, this internship gave me the opportunity to understand teaching profession,
also gave me the idea on how being a teacher actually works. Though the experience
during the internship was challenging at some point, I learned to handle it well and
gained more confidence than before, I have become more patient. The overall
experience was positive and everything I learned will be useful in my future career in
this field.
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Daily Activity Log Record
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CONTRIBUTIONS
LESSON PLAN
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TEACHING LEARNING MATERIAL
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DRAFT OF EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
PROCESS OF PREPARING REPORT CARDS
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OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS
* Performing Class Assignment * Making use of smart classroom to make
learning interesting
Drawing
Competition
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Class Activity
World Environment Day Celebration
All Pictures Credit @ Diki Lhamu Bhutia
