85
police officers who defended the Capitol,
191
President Biden,
192
the Department of Justice under
former President Trump,
193
and more than a dozen federal courts.
194
191
See 167 Cong. Rec. H191 (daily ed. Jan. 13, 2021); 167 Cong. Rec. S733 (daily ed. Feb. 13,
2021); S. Con. Res. 14, 117th Congress (2021-2022); H. Res. 503, 117th Cong., 1st Sess. (2021-
2022); S. 35, 117th Cong. (2021); H.R. 3325, 117th Cong. (2021-2022).
192
E.g., Remarks by President Biden at Presentation of the Presidential Citizens Medal, Jan. 6,
2023, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2023/01/06/remarks-by-
president-biden-at-presentation-of-the-presidential-citizens-medal/; Statement by President Joe
Biden on the Six-Month Anniversary of the January 6th Insurrection on the Capitol, July 6, 2021,
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/07/06/statement-by-
president-joe-biden-on-the-six-month-anniversary-of-the-january-6th-insurrection-on-the-
capitol/; Letter from Dana A. Remus, Counsel to the President, to David Ferriero, Archivist of
the United States, Oct. 8, 2021, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-
releases/2021/10/12/letter-from-dana-a-remus-counsel-to-the-president-to-david-ferriero-
archivist-of-the-united-states-dated-october-8-2021/; Remarks by President Biden at Signing of
H.R. 3325, Awarding Congressional Gold Medals to Those Who Protected the U.S. Capitol on
January 6, Aug. 5, 2021, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-
remarks/2021/08/05/remarks-by-president-biden-at-signing-of-h-r-3325-awarding-congressional-
gold-medals-to-those-who-protected-the-u-s-capitol-on-january-6/; Remarks by President Biden
on Protecting the Sacred, Constitutional Right to Vote, July 13, 2021,
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/13/remarks-by-president-
biden-on-protecting-the-sacred-constitutional-right-to-vote/.
193
United States v. Chansley, No. 21-cr-00003, ECF No. 5 (D. Ariz. filed Jan. 14, 2021),
https://extremism.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs5746/files/Jacob%20Chansley%20Detention%20
Memo.pdf.
194
E.g., United States v. Munchel, 991 F.3d 1273, 1281 (D.C. Cir. 2021); United States v.
DeGrave, 539 F. Supp. 3d 184 (D.D.C. 2021); Noem v. Haaland, 542 F. Supp. 3d 898, 906
(D.S.D. 2021); Alsaada v. City of Columbus, 536 F. Supp. 3d 216, 274 (S.D. Ohio 2021); United
States v. Brogan, 2021 WL 2313008, at *2 (E.D.N.Y. June 7, 2021); United States v. Brockhoff,
590 F. Supp. 3d 295, 298-99 (D.D.C. 2022); United States v. Hunt, 573 F. Supp. 3d 779, 807
(E.D.N.Y. 2021); United States v. Puma, 596 F. Supp. 3d 90, 94 (D.D.C. 2022); O'Rourke v.
Dominion Voting Sys. Inc., 552 F. Supp. 3d 1168, 1199 (D. Colo. 2021); United States v.
Randolph, 536 F. Supp. 3d 128, 132 (E.D. Ky. 2021); United States v. Little, 590 F. Supp. 3d
340, 342 (D.D.C. 2022); O'Handley v. Padilla, 579 F.Supp.3d 1163, 1172 (N.D. Cal. 2022);
Amalgamated Transit Union Local 85 v. Port Auth. of Allegheny Cnty., 2021 WL 719671, at *2
(W.D. Pa. Feb. 24, 2021).