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Inclusion and Community Participation. Inclusive community participation is crucial to the
effectiveness of CPTED. Within inclusive, healthy, and safe communities, people are able to
generate and implement practical ideas to improve and enhance a place. Participation includes
continued engagement with place users and the nearby community to do local safety audits of
perceived problems, conflict resolution, and work to enhance social interactions. Inclusion also
involves equal access to all for amenities and services.
Natural Surveillance. In addition to considering sight lines, view obstructions or blind
corners, this includes the intentional presence of people as informal monitors of a place.
Surveillance occurs by designing settings, activities and programs that welcome people to a
space in ways that maximize visibility of users and fosters positive social interaction among
legitimate users. Potential offenders feel increased scrutiny and perceive increased risk.
Activity Support. Activity support increases the use of a place for safe activities with the
intent of increasing the opportunities to detect criminal and undesirable activities. This
compares to natural surveillance which is casual and does not include any guidance for people to
watch out for criminal activity. By placing signs or equipment for certain activities (such as
‘caution children playing’ signs) users will be more involved and pay closer attention to what
should be happening around them. They will be more tuned in to who is and isn’t likely to be
within a space and what looks suspicious.
Social Dimension CPTED Recommendations for Natural Areas
While, most of these recommendations apply to natural area land managers at the program level,
residents can advocate and organize for the following recommendations to happen within their own
community’s natural areas.
Conduct a Social CPTED Audit for a Site. Assess the current conditions, programs and
activities that encourage positive behavior within a site, and develop a plan to sustain what
works and add additional opportunities. The audit can include access points, trails, site facilities
(such as benches, picnic shelters and restrooms), locations where programs occur, and popular
natural attractions.
Provide Positive Guidance for Site Activity. A social audit can help managers to identify
key trouble areas and visualize how to introduce more social dimensions of CPTED. For
instance, law enforcement assistance may be needed to correct existing trouble spots. Then
currently positive situations can be reinforced and new social dynamics introduced through
vegetation and other site management.
Plan Programs and Activities. Recurring and special events can foster inclusion and maintain
a steady sense of ‘eyes on the park.’ Examples include environmental education and bioblasts.
And with increased attention to the relationship of nature experiences and human health, a
variety of health improvement programs are possible: schedule group walks or hikes; initiate
Park Rx (a parks prescription program), Walk with a Doc, or forest bathing. Consider cultural
diversity and equity in planning and implementation.
Integrate Local Policies of Equity and Environmental Justice. Local governments have
recently launched equity and justice policies that include nature and urban greening. The values
represented by these initiatives can be expressed in site planning, design and management.
Optimize Social Contacts in Access and Trails. Ecological assessments often propose
ecosystem units within a parcel for specific management practices. In a similar way a social audit
can suggest how to guide users across a site in a managed way so there are frequent and
distributed social encounters. Access locations and trail development can reinforce visitor