Closing Arguments

In this activity, students take the role of attorneys developing closing arguments in the

case of

1. Each student should:

* Choose to represent either the prosecution or defense.

* Review the witness statements and consider the main points brought out in witnesses'

testimony in the previous activity.

* Develop a three-minute closing argument (250 to 750 words).

Be sure to follow the "Guidelines for an Effective Closing Statement.

Guidelines for an Effective Closing Argument

An effective closing statement should:

1. Be emotionally charged and strongly appealing

2. Only refer to evidence that was admitted during the trial.

3. Emphasize the facts that support the claims of your side.

4. Note weaknesses or inconsistencies in the opposing side's case.

5. Summarize the favorable testimony.

6. Attempt to clear up inconsistencies that might hurt your side.

7. Be well organized (starting and ending with your strongest point helps to structure the

presentation and give you a good introduction and conclusion).

8. Focus on reasonable doubt. The prosecution should emphasize that the state has

proved the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. The defense should raise

questions suggesting that reasonable doubt exists.

Proper phrasing includes:

"The evidence has clearly shown that.

"Based on this testimony; there can be no doubt that..."

"The prosecution has failed to prove that..."

"The defense would have you believe that . .

9. Conclude with an appeal to convict or acquit the defendant.