70
Highlights of Medical Asepsis Principles
A brief description of the policies and principles of medical asepsis is as follows.
1. Universal Precautions (Standards)/Body Substance Isolation as recommended or defined by the Centers for
Disease Control and/or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) must be observed in all
circumstances in order to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Students
should treat all bodily fluids/substances as if known to be infectious for blood-borne and/or other pathogens.
2. Specimens of blood or other potentially infectious material should be handled according to the agency’s policies.
3. Any equipment that becomes contaminated with blood or other infectious materials should be reported to
the RN in charge on the unit to which the student is assigned, and the agency’s policies should be followed in
handling the contaminated equipment.
4. Students should handle, decontaminate, and/or dispose of contaminated personal protective
equipment/supplies according to the agency’s policies.
5. Any uniform or other garments becoming contaminated by blood or other potentially infectious materials
should be removed immediately or as soon as feasible and handled according to agency policy.
6. Gloves should be worn when it can be reasonably anticipated that the student may have contact with blood
and/or bodily fluid (draining wounds, sputum, urine, feces) when performing venipuncture or other vascular
access procedures and when handling/touching contaminated items or surfaces. Any glove that is torn should be
replaced immediately or as soon as feasible. Gloves must be changed after contact with each patient. Hand
washing is required before, after, and in-between patient care.
7. Students should wash their hands immediately or as soon as possible after removal of gloves or other personal
protective equipment and after hand contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials.
8. Students should wash hands and any other skin areas with soap and water or flush mucous membranes with
water immediately or as soon as feasible following contact of such bodily areas with blood or other potentially
infectious materials. Students also are to notify the clinical instructor and the RN in charge as soon as possible.
9. All personal protective equipment should be removed immediately upon ceasing to provide care for the patient
or as soon as possible. If contaminated, then the personal protective equipment should be placed in an
appropriately designated area or container for disposal according to the agency’s policies. At no time should
protective equipment, uncontaminated and/or contaminated, be worn outside of the patient’s room.
10. The handling and disposal of contaminated Sharps should be carried out according to the agency’s policy. No
contaminated needles are to be recapped, bent, broken, sheared, or removed following use. In compliance with
OSHA Safety Needleless Law, medical personnel must use retractable needles or equipment compatible with
needleless devices.
11. Students are prohibited from eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balm, and handling contact
lenses (personal) in immediate patient care areas or other areas where there is a potential for exposure to blood
or other potentially infectious material exposure.
12. All procedures involving blood or other potentially infectious materials should be performed in such a manner
as to minimize splashing, spraying, and aerosolization of these substances.
13. Where there is potential for exposure to blood and/or other potentially infectious material, students will be
required to use appropriate personal protective equipment. This “appropriate” equipment will not permit
blood or other potentially infectious materials to pass through to reach work/street clothes, undergarments,
skin, eyes, mouth, or other mucous membranes under normal conditions of use and for the duration of time
the equipment is to be used. The equipment may include, but is not limited to, gloves, gowns, eye protectors,
and foot coverings. The type and characteristics of the protective clothing will depend upon the task and degree
of exposure anticipated. The policies of the agency to which the student is assigned for clinical lab should be
followed in regard to the protective apparel that is to be worn in various situations.
14. Masks in combination with eye protection devices, such as goggles or glasses with solid side shields or chin
length face shields, should be worn whenever splashes, sprays, splatters, or droplets of blood or other
potentially infectious materials may be generated, and eye, nose, or mouth contamination can be reasonably
anticipated.