Accumulation of macronutrients and productivity of potato with foliar

crop science and production

Int. J. Agric. Nat. Resour. 48(2):70-82. 2021

www.ijanr.cl

research paper

application of biofertilizer

Lucas Pinheiro Araújo

, Roberta Camargos de Oliveira

, Regina Maria

Quintao Lana

, Jose Magno Queiroz Luz

, João Paulo Apolinário

Guimarães

, and Erlani de Oliveira Alves

Universidade Federal de Uberlândia/UFU, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias. BR 050 km 78, Campus Glória,

38410-337 Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC-CAV. Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090 - Conta Dinheiro -

Lages – SC, Brasil.

Abstract

L.P. Araújo, R.C. Oliveira, R.M.Q. Lana, J.M.Q. Luz, J.P.A. Guimarães, and E.O. Alves.

2020. Accumulation of macronutrients and productivity of potato with foliar application

of biofertilizer. Int. J. Agric. Nat. Resour. 70-82. The addition of organic compounds to

fertilizers has shown positive effects on plant metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the

macronutrient accumulation and productivity of potato with the use of biofertilizer (BF) applied

to the leaves. A 2×7 factorial plot with a plot subdivided in time and ten replications used

two forms of fertilization: a chemical fertilizer with conventional NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus

and potassium: control) and conventional fertilizer plus biofertilizers (BF); evaluations were

performed 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81 and 91 days after planting (DAP) using the Jelly cultivar. The

BF increased the maximum N, K, Ca and Mg accumulations in the leaves, especially N and K,

with the period of greatest accumulation occurring between 62 and 66 DAP. The accumulations

of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the tubers accelerated from 71 DAP. At the end of the cycle (e.g., 91

DAP), the increases in the nutrient accumulations of N, P, K and Ca were between 30 and 64%

higher for the BF application, the Mg accumulations doubled and the S accumulations exhibited

no differences between the evaluation periods. For the leaves, the following decreasing sequence

of maximum accumulation was observed: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. For the tubers, the following

decreasing sequence was obtained: K>N>P>Ca>Mg>S. The use of biofertilizers caused higher

productivity of tubers of greater caliber and soluble solids contents in the cv. Jelly potato tubers.

Keywords: Jelly cultivar, nutrient absorption curves, organomineral fertilizers, Solanum

tuberosum.

Received Jun 22, 2020. Accepted Aug 03, 2021

Corresponding author: [email protected]

DOI 10.7764/ijanr.v48i2.2269

Introduction

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered to be

of great nutritional importance since it provides

carbohydrates, salts, vitamins, proteins with

nonallergic properties and antioxidants with high

biological value (Hussain et al., 2021). In Brazil,

the average potato productivity is 30.4 t ha

-1

(IBGE,

2020). The relatively short cycle and high yields

per area cause potato crops to be very demanding

with respect to nutrients, especially for nutrients

VOLUME 48 Nº2 MAY – AUGUST 2021

that in readily available forms in soil solutions

(Fernandes et al., 2011; Almeida et al., 2018).

However, the intensive use of chemicals creates

long-term adverse effects on both ecosystems and

soil health, which lead to environmental problems

and increased production costs (Pradhan et al.,

2018; Nyawade et al., 2019).

Organic sources, which have traditionally been

underutilized, are therefore of interest because

they improve the physical, chemical and biological

properties of the soil and improve the production

quality of potato (Tian et al., 2017; Thomas et al.,

2019). Hattab et al. (2019) observed higher nutrient

concentrations for vegetables grown on organic

farms than those grown on conventional farms.

A combination of organic elements with minerals

can reduce inorganic fertilization and can also

provide positive inuences for environmental

protection and waste management without com-

promising the production of foods in terms of

both quantity and quality, as observed by Czekała

et al. (2019). Thus, the search for efcient fertil-

izer alternatives has led to the development of a

class of products that are enriched with organic

matter, namely, biofertilizer (BF). Crops that are

treated by BF have the highest or similar values

of leaf areas and yields (Kominko & Gorazda,

2017). BF use has become widespread in Brazil

and has the potential for its use to expand other

localities, since organic sources are abundant,

especially in regions near factories (Magela et

al., 2019).

When using methods such as fertigation or foliar

fertilization, BF products in liquid form can be

used. However, because the practice is still recent

in horticulture, how these products act and inu-

ence plant growth, productivity, vegetable quality

and the absorption dynamics (Souza et al., 2017)

is not clear. Therefore, the objective of this study

was to determine the nutrient accumulations and

productivity of potato, cv. Jelly, under the use

of liquid biofertilizers (BF), that were applied

to the leaves.

Materials and Methods

The experiment was conducted between March

and July 2012 in the municipality of Perdizes

(19°21’10” S and 47°17’34” W) in the state of

Minas Gerais. The climate of the region has two

well-dened seasons, with cold and dry winters

with annual average temperatures of 20.4 °C (Aw,

according to the KÖPPEN classication). During

the experiment, a total precipitation of 119.8 mm

was recorded.

A 2×6 factorial plot in a banded design, with

plots subdivided in time and with ten replica-

tions, used two forms of fertilization: a chemical

fertilizer with conventional NPK (control) and a

conventional fertilizer plus biofertilizers (BF) and

totaled 20 plots. Each plot consisted of six lines,

with spacings of 0.8 m and lengths of 10 meters,

which had a total area of 48 m

Soil preparation was performed based on the rec-

ommendations for potato cultivation that involved

plowing followed by trenching/levelling and

subsequent opening of the grooves. Fertilization

was performed mechanically and was placed in

the planting grooves, where potatoes from type

I seeds (e.g., tubers with diameters of 50 to 60

mm) were planted. The nutrient amounts (e.g., N,

P and K) that were applied to the soil were based

on a soil analysis and on the recommendations of

the Soil Fertility Commission of Minas Gerais.

The physical and chemical analysis of the 0–20

cm layer showed the following: pH H

O = 5.8, P

= 14.6 mg dm

-3

, K = 54.5 mg dm

-3

, Ca = 4 cmol

-3

, Mg = 1.1 cmol

-3

, Al = 0.0 cmol

-3

M.O. = 1.9%, and SB= 5.24.

The control treatment consisted of an application

of 1000 kg ha

-1

of agricultural gypsum, 1950 kg

-1

of the formulated 02–30–04 fertilizer in the

plantation, 260 kg ha

-1

of 00–00–60 fertilizer in

the rst coverage at 24 DAP and 125 kg ha

-1

33–00–01 fertilizer in the second coverage at

31 DAP. The N, P and K sources used were as

follows: the phosphorus source (P

) was in the

InternatIonal Journal of agrIculture and natural resources72

form of single superphosphate, with 17% P

;

(N) was in the form of urea, with 43% N and the

potassium source (K) was in the form of potas-

sium chloride, with 57% K

The BF treatment complemented the control

treatment with commercial biofertilizer products

at different levels at different times of the plant

cycle (Table 1). The BF was applied at the time

of planting and at 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 and 81 days

after planting at levels of 3.7 L ha

-1

and 4, 4, 2,

4, 4 and 3 L ha

-1

, respectively.

For the biofertilizer applications, a self-propelled

sprayer, Case Patriot 350, which used a fan-type

jet, Jet Model XR 11004, was used. After 31 days,

two plants (leaves, stems and tubers) per plot

were collected every ten days, which totaled six

collections by the end of the experiment.

The plants were conditioned in plastic bags and

sent to the laboratory for analysis. The fresh

masses of the shoots (leaves and stems) and fresh

masses of the tubers were weighed by using an

electronic weighing device. At this stage, the

materials were subjected to a washing process,

and after removing the excess water, the samples

were placed in paper bags and dried in an oven

with forced air circulation (65 °C ± 5 °C) for 96

hours. The tubers were cross-sectioned to facilitate

drying. After drying, the samples were weighed

again, and the dry masses present in the samples

were obtained. Part of the material was sent to the

soil analysis laboratory, where the contents and

quantities of the macronutrients were determined,

which included the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),

potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)

and sulfur (S) that were contained in the leaf and

tuber samples.

The samples were disintegrated in a plant mill with

mesh number 20, and the ground material was

submitted for nutrient content analyses accord-

ing to the methodology described by EMBRAPA

(1999). The accumulations were obtained by

multiplying the dry mass by the content, which

resulted in the mass in grams per plant.

At 105 DAP, manual harvesting of the tubers of

all plants that were contained in the 2 central lines

was performed, and those plants that were within

one meter of each end of the plots were omitted.

The harvested tubers were classied, and the

yields per useful area of the plot (12.8 m

) were

Table 1. Dosages and days of application of the liquid biofertilizers that were applied in the cultivation of the potato

cultivar, Jelly.

Level TOM

TOC

L ha

-1

g L

-1

Planting 3.7 540.5 310.5 241.5 23 - - - - - - -

31 and 41 4 356.5 207 115 11.5 104 30.5 78 6.5 17.2 5.7 6.5

51 2 356.5 207 115 11.5 104 24 - - 17.2 5.7 -

61 4 - - 45 450 104 24 62 49.6 - - -

71 4 356.5 207 160 461.5 104 24 - - 17.2 5.7 -

81 3 - - 45 450 - - 62 49.6 - - -

Total organic matter;

Total organic carbon;

Soluble in water.

VOLUME 48 Nº2 MAY – AUGUST 2021

obtained by electronic weighing. Subsequently,

the following mathematical model was used to

estimate the productivity per hectare (kg ha

-1

10.000 m

* quantity of tubers harvested in the

useful area (kg)/useful area (m

The classication of the tubers used two sieves

with mesh sizes of 45 and 36 mm. Four param-

eters were established for the tubers: 1 = upper

(diameter> 45 mm), 2 = medium (45 ≤ diameter

<36 mm), 3 = lollipop (≥36 mm) and 5 = discard

(damaged by impacts or diseases).

The analyses of the soluble solids contents were

conducted using the densimeter technique, which

consisted of removing 3.63-kg samples of tubers

from each plot. These samples were immersed

in a tank with a capacity of 100 liters of water,

in which the tubers were submerged. From the

estimates, the specic mass of each sample relative

to the content of soluble solids was expressed as

a percentage. Due to the normality, homogeneity

and additivity assumptions for the parametric

tests, some of the variables used throughout this

work were subjected to a data transformation to

the root of x by using SPSS Statistics software.

The data were submitted for analyses of variance

by the 5% signicance test with the aid of the

Sisvar program. Tukey’s test at 5% was used to

detect the differences between the two treatments

(e.g., control and biofertilizer), while polynomial

regressions were used for the evaluation times

during the cycle (Ferreira, 2014).

Results and Discussion

Nitrogen (N)

The N accumulations in the leaves exhibited a

better t to the quadratic model, whose maximum

points were 1.32 and 0.96 g plant

-1

at 62 and 63

days after planting (DAP), for the BF treatment and

control, respectively (Fig. 1A). For the tubers, the

growth amounts were linear and reached maximum

values of 3.84 and 2.85 g plant

-1

at 91 DAP (Fig.

1B). Yorinori (2003), who used with the Atlantic

cultivar in the dry season, obtained values of 0.28

and 2.73 g plant

-1

at the critical points of 52 and

90 DAP for the leaves and tubers, respectively.

In addition, Fernandes et al. (2011), who used the

Ágata, Asterix, Markies and Mondial cultivars,

found maximum N accumulations that ranged

from 0.68 to 1.17 g plant

-1

from 70 to 76 DAP for

the leaves. In the tubers, the authors estimated

values between 2.12 and 2.21 g plant

-1

at the end

of the cycle.

The values obtained by Fernandes et al. (2011)

were close to those found in this study, and

highlight the variations that exist in the physi-

ology of each cultivar, which result in distinct

accumulation potentials. When we consider the

accumulations, we also need to pay attention to

the climatic conditions of the growing regions

because these also determine the N levels in plants.

The plants that received BF foliar applications

showed superior accumulations in the leaves and

tubers. This was due to the N contents of the BF.

The foliar supplies were responsible since N is a

component of chlorophyll, which is the molecule

that is responsible for photosynthesis. Thus, the

N levels increased the potential for dry matter

production, which, together with its wide redis-

tribution in the plants, causes N to be the element

of greatest impact on the production and quality

of tubers (Koch et al., 2020).

In the study of the treatments at each collection

date, the N accumulations in the leaves that re-

ceived BF were higher than those of the control

treatment at 51 and 61 DAP but were lower at 81

DAP (Fig. 1A). In the tubers, there were differ-

ences only for the last collection where the BF

treatment showed 64% higher N levels (Fig. 1B),

which demonstrated the effect of this treatment on

the N accumulations in these organs. Mohamed

et al. (2017) found that the response to green ma-

nure was greater than that of mineral fertilizers,

with higher N accumulations in potato at higher

sun hemp doses, which were related to the rapid

InternatIonal Journal of agrIculture and natural resources74

mineralization and N release of the green manure

tissues (Watthier et al., 2020).

Phosphorus (P)

The maximum phosphorus accumulation in the

leaves was 0.39 g plant

-1

at 56 DAP (Fig. 1A).

In the tubers, the accumulations were linear, as

shown in Fig. 1B, with maximum values of 1.56

and 1.22 g plant

-1

for the BF application and control

treatments, respectively. The application of BF

increased the P accumulations in the tubers by

27.8% at the end of the cycle. The N and P uptakes

were synergistic, which indicated interactions and

balance between the nutrients. The effects of the

N and P nutrients are more relevant to the produc-

tion when they are together, and the presence of

adequate levels of these two is fundamental for

plant growth (Silva & Trevizam, 2015).

Yorinori (2003) found the maximum P accumula-

tions for the Atlantic cultivar with values of 0.02

and 0.39 g plant

-1

at 39 and 111 DAP for the leaves

and tubers, respectively. The values obtained in

this study were higher, which are probably due

to the cultivars used. In addition, the climatic

conditions and nutrient availabilities in the soil

allow rational determinations to predict additional

fertilizer applications to the plants, since imbal-

ances between nutrients can be found, as well

as luxury consumption, which does not cause

increased productivity in short producers.

The leaves exhibited a large decrease in P con-

tents at the end of the cycle. P was absorbed and

accumulated in the rst stages of development

(Fernandes et al., 2011). In addition, the accumula-

tions decrease in the leaves after the critical points

due to the translocation and natural senescence

of these organs, and greater accumulations in

the tubers were observed in the last evaluations,

which were observed in this study with greater

final maximum accumulations in the tubers.

The BF application generated P accumulations

that were 27.2 and 71.4% higher than the control

(Fig. 1A) in the leaves and tubers, respectively

(Fig. 1B). Yang et al. (2019) suggested that the

constituents of BF, such as humic acids, enable

biomass and P accumulation in plants.

Potassium (K)

The BF treatment reached a maximum of 2.43 g

plant

-1

at 62 DAP and the control treatment reached

a maximum of 1.85 g plant

-1

at 64 DAP (Fig. 1A).

The accumulations in the tubers followed a linear

trend for both treatments, which reached 7.41

and 7.86 g plant

-1

at the end of the evaluations

(91 DAP), respectively (Fig. 1B). Yorinori (2003)

obtained values of 1.10 and 3.20 g plant

-1

at 46 and

90 DAP for the leaves and tubers, respectively.

Fernandes et al. (2011) obtained maximum values

in the leaves that were close to the results of this

research, which were estimated to be between 1.70

and 2.68 plant ha

-1

and reached 74 to 76 DAP. K

is the nutrient that is most absorbed by crops and

is the most abundant cation in plants. However,

the literature notes that excessive potassium use

in the soil can impair the production of tubers

by increasing the K

/(Ca

+Mg

) ratio due to

antagonism in the uptake of these nutrients (Reis

Júnior & Monnerat, 2001; Mugo et al., 2021).

In the present study, the K accumulations in the

leaves for the BF treatment were superior at 51

and 61 DAP, which coincide with the tuberiza-

tion phase. In the tubers, the control treatment

was superior at 71 and 81 DAP (e.g., 39 and 53%,

respectively) but at 91 DAP, the K accumulations

in the tubers that received the BF treatment were

approximately 30%. The increases from 71 to 91

DAP were 61% and 29.8% in the BF and control

treatments, respectively (Fig. 1A and 1B).

Calcium (Ca)

The maximum Ca accumulation in the leaves

was 1.01 g plant

-1

at 63 DAP in the BF treatment

and 0.93 g plant

-1

at 66 DAP in the control treat-

VOLUME 48 Nº2 MAY – AUGUST 2021

Figure 1. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) accumulations in leaves (A) and tubers (B) throughout the cycle

and comparisons of treatments.

InternatIonal Journal of agrIculture and natural resources76

ment (Fig. 2A). In the tubers, the BF treatment

obtained a maximum of 1.49 g plant

-1

at 91 DAP,

while the control that used to the linear model

had a maximum Ca accumulation of 0.58 g plant

-1

at 91 DAP (Fig. 2B). The results obtained by

Yorinori (2003) indicated maximum values of

0.23 and 0.4 g plant

-1

at 51 and 90 DAP for the

leaves and tubers, respectively. Fernandes et al.

(2011) obtained maximum values between 0.74

and 0.99 g plant

-1

at 85 and 90 DAP for the leaves

and 0.11 and 0.19 at 97 DAP for the tubers. This

study found results that were superior to those

published in the literature, especially for those

plots that received the BF treatment, by the con-

centration of Ca present in the foliar fertilizers.

For potato crops, most Ca is commonly supplied

by liming. For Pulz et al. (2008) and Parecido et

al. (2021), the application of limestone to the soil

increased the productivities in the vast majority of

cases. In this sense, because Ca is a component of

the cell walls of plants, the high availability of Ca

in the soil also results in incremental improvements

in crop vegetative development. However, calcium

is an immobile nutrient, with low translocation

levels between plant organs (Koch et al., 2020).

Thus, larger accumulations tend to be found in

the leaves and to a lesser extent, in the tubers,

although Ca is an important constituent of these

organs. These proportions were observed in the

plants that did not receive BF.

For the products that were rich in Ca, as was the

case for the applications at 31, 41, 51, 71 and 81

DAP, the aim was to correct any deciencies.

It was observed in this study that there were

signicant differences in the Ca accumulations

in the leaves at 51 and 61 DAP, with the BF

treatment being superior to the control treatment

(Fig. 2A). For the tubers, the difference between

treatments was manifested at 91 DAP, which

may mean that late applications of the product

induce Ca accumulation of in the tubers, with

the accumulation being 2.6 times higher under

BF applications (Fig. 2B).

Magnesium (Mg)

For the Mg accumulations in the leaves, the maxi-

mum value of 0.26 g plant

-1

was obtained at 62

DAP for the BF treatment and 0.22 g plant

-1

at 63

DAP for the control treatment (Fig. 2A). For the

tubers, the treatments followed the linear models,

with the BF treatment providing a maximum

value of 0.79 g plant

-1

, while the control treatment

provided a maximum value of 0.66 g plant

-1

at 91

DAP (Fig. 2B).

In a study carried out by Yorinori (2003), the

leaves exhibited maximum accumulations of

0.06 g plant

-1

, and the tubers exhibited maximum

accumulations of 0.11 g plant

-1

at 46 and 90 DAP,

respectively. In similar research, Fernandes et

al. (2011) stated that the maximum values were

between 0.09 and 0.20 g plant

-1

for the leaves from

73 to 78 DAP and were 0.17 to 0.22 g plant

-1

for

the tubers at the end of the cycle.

Mg is absorbed in smaller amounts and is sup-

plied mainly by liming, and its absorption may

be impaired by fertilization with heavy levels of

K. When the soil is poor, foliar applications may

complement the need for Mg. Thus, in the case of

Mg, signicant differences were observed in the

leaves at 51 and 61 DAP, and the BF treatment

was superior. For this treatment, fertilizers rich

in Mg were used at 31, 41 and 61 DAP. This is

consistent with the values that are presented by

the accumulation charts at different times. For

the tubers, the BF treatment was signicantly

lower at 81 DAP but doubled at 91 DAP when

compared to the control (Fig. 2).

Sulfur (S)

For the sulfur accumulations, there were no

signicant interactions for the leaves or tubers

(Fig. 2). For the leaves, a quadratic curve was

used with a maximum value of 0.24 g plant

-1

at 63 DAP. The accumulations in the tubers

followed a quadratic equation, and a minimum

VOLUME 48 Nº2 MAY – AUGUST 2021

Figure 2. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) accumulations in leaves (A) and tubers (B)

throughout the cycle and comparisons of treatments.

InternatIonal Journal of agrIculture and natural resources78

value of 0.42 g plant

-1

was observed at 41 DAP.

Fernandes et al. (2011), who studied ve potato

cultivars, stated that there were maximum S

accumulations between 0.04 and 0.07 g plant

-1

from 77 to 83 DAP. In this work, the results

were higher, possibly due to the contribution

of BF. For the leaves and tubers, there were no

signicant differences when the studied forms

of fertilization were used. The accumulations

were very close, with no specic organ standing

out (Fig. 2A and 2B).

The S concentrations in the BF treatment did

not change the dynamics of S in the Jelly po-

tato cultivar. Braun et al. (2011) also did not

observe any effects on the S contents in the

tubers despite the application of increasing

levels of S (from ammonium sulfate). The BF

treatment increased the maximum accumula-

tions of N, K, Ca and Mg in the leaves, which

were between 8 and 37%, especially for N and

K, with the period of greatest accumulation

occurring between 62 and 66 DAP. In addition

to providing nutrients by increasing plant con-

centrations, the compounds present in BF can

induce changes in the primary and secondary

metabolisms of the plants that are related to

the tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. BF

use also increases sustainability due to the

cycling of organic residues from many sources

(low production costs) and can improve plant

resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses

(Malik et al., 2021). Therefore, BF can be used to

provide a mechanism to improve and rationalize

crop management, which makes it possible to

produce tubers with better nutritional balance.

Productivity and soluble solids contents

At 105 DAP, the plants that received BF applica-

tions provided total tuber yields of 40.87 t ha

-1

and

had diameters greater than 45 mm- 35 t ha

-1

(Fig.

3A), which demonstrated that BF inuenced the

plant metabolisms. This possibility can be related

to the N and other compounds present in the BF,

which inuence the formation and absorption of

essential molecules that are important for plant

development (Taiz et al., 2017) and have the

potential to maintain the strong development of

the aerial parts and growth of tubers. The use

of BF promoted increases in the production of

larger diameter tubes, which increased the value

and quality of the nal product. Studies have

reported increases in productivity and improve-

ments in the quality of tubers from the use of BF

applications when compared to the application

of only chemical fertilizers for the Atlantic and

Agata cultivars (Cardoso et al., 2015; Cardoso

et al., 2017). Mohamed et al. (2017) found that

the productivity of potatoes was 24% greater

with green manure than with mineral fertiliza-

tion, which indicated the potential of alternative

fertilizers to provide nitrogen for the growth and

development of potato.

The soluble solids contents (SS) were signicant

with the BF treatment. It is possible that BF re-

leased sulfate ions, which facilitated the forma-

tion of soluble solids in the tubers and roots and

allowed mass accumulations in the tubers of the

Jelly cultivar (Fig. 3C). It is important to highlight

that the specialized horticultural production us-

ing BF permits the reuse of large quantities of

alternative sources of organic mass from waste

that is produced in various industrial processes

(Chew et al., 2019; Soobhany, 2019; Fernández-

Delgado et al., 2020).

Conclusions

The BF treatment increased the maximum ac-

cumulations of N, K, Ca and Mg in the leaves,

especially for N and K, with the period of

greatest accumulation occurring between 62

and 66 DAP. The accumulations of N, P, K, Ca

and Mg in the tubers accelerated from 71 DAP.

At the end of the cycle (91 DAP), the increases

in nutrient accumulations of N, P, K and Ca

were between 30 and 64% higher for the BF

application, the Mg accumulations doubled, and

VOLUME 48 Nº2 MAY – AUGUST 2021

the S accumulations did not differ between the

evaluation periods.

For the leaves, the following decreasing sequence

of maximum accumulation levels was obtained:

K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. For the tubers, the follow-

ing sequence was obtained: K>N>P>Ca>Mg>S.

Foliar applications of BF can be an important

tool for nutritional management since the ab-

sorption is efcient and can be applied in the

period of greatest need of the plants. The use

of biofertilizers shows higher tuber productivity

with tubers that are of greater caliber and of the

soluble solids contents in cv. Jelly potato tubers.

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank the Conselho Nacional

de Desenvolvimento Cientíco e Tecnológico

(CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado

de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) for the nancial

support and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento

de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

Disclosure statement

No potential conicts of interest were reported

by the authors.

Figure 3. Total productivity (t ha-1) and productivity of larger diameter tubers (>45 mm) (A), productivity of

tubers larger than 36 mm, smaller than 36 mm and discarded (B) and soluble solids contents (%) (C) from different

fertilizations.

InternatIonal Journal of agrIculture and natural resources80

Resumen

L.P. Araújo, R.C. Oliveira, R.M.Q. Lana, J.M.Q. Luz, J.P.A. Guimarães, y E.O. Alves.

2020. Acumulación de macronutrientes y productividad de papa con aplicación foliar de

biofertilizante. Int. J. Agric. Nat. Resour. 70-82. La adición de compuestos orgánicos en

fertilizantes ha mostrado un efecto positivo en el metabolismo de las plantas. El objetivo fue

evaluar la acumulación de macronutrientes en tubérculos de papa con el uso de biofertilizantes

líquidos (BF), aplicados a través de la hoja. El diseño experimental fue factorial 2×7 con una

división en el tiempo y diez repeticiones, consistió en dos formas de fertilización: química con

NPK convencional (control) y convencionales más biofertilizantes (BF) y evaluaciones en 31;

41; 51; 61; 71; 81 y 91 días después de la siembra (DAS), utilizando el cultivar Jelly. BF favorece

las acumulaciones máximas de N, K, Ca y Mg en las hojas, entre 8 y 37%, especialmente para N

y K, con un período de mayor acumulación entre 62 y 66 DAP. La acumulación de N, P, K, Ca

y Mg en los tubérculos se acelera desde 71 DAP. Al nal del ciclo (91 DAP), el aumento en la

acumulación de nutrientes N, P, K y Ca es entre 30 y 64% mayor en la aplicación de BF líquido,

el Mg se acumula el doble y S no diere entre los períodos de evaluación. Para las hojas, se

obtuvo la siguiente secuencia decreciente de acumulación máxima: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. Para

los tubérculos, se obtuvo K>N>P>Ca>Mg>S. El sou de biofertilizantes proporciona una mayor

productividad de tubérculos de mayor calibre y contenido de sólidos solubles en el papa cv.

Jelly.

Palabras clave: Cultivar Jelly, curvas de absorción de nutrientes, fertilizantes organominerales,

Solanum tuberosum.

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