to*regulate*businesses*that*go*between*state*lines,*and*justifies*many*federal*
laws*(Civil*Rights*Act)*
• C6B'#46('#476-5'#–*president*must*enforce*ALL*laws*passed*by*congress**
• Q-77#Q60+D#6).#4('.0+*–*states*must*honor*laws*and*court*rulings*of*other*states*
• "(0&07'9'5#6).#H**-)0+0'5#–*requires*states*to*extend*same*privileges*and*
immunities*to*all*citizens*(even*of*other*states)*
• M077#%E#<09D+5#–*First*10*amendments*to*the*Constitution*that*guarantees*
individual*and*states’*rights.**This*was*a*concession*the*federalists*made*to*the*
anti]federalists*to*ensure*constitution*would*be*ratified*
o !*').*')+#T*–**freedom*of*speech,*assembly,*petition,*religion,*press*
o !*').*')+#X#F#*right*to*bear*arms*
o !*').*')+#Z#F#no*unreasonable*searches*and*seizures*
o !*').*')+#L#F#right*to*a*trial,*no*double*jeopardy,*individuals*are*not*
required*to*testify*against*themselves*
o !*').*')+#[#F#right*to*a*speedy,*public,*and*impartial*trial*with*lawyer*
o !*').*')+#\#F#no*excessive*bails*or*fines,*no*cruel*and*unusual*policies*
o !*').*')+#TU#F*powers*not*given*to*the*federal*government*or*denied*
of*the*states*are*reserved*to*the*states*(states*rights)*
• ]%O#+%#!*').#+D'#4%)5+0+-+0%)#
1. 2/3*of*congress*propose*amendmentà3/4*of*states*ratify*it*
2. State*convention*called*by*2/3*of*states*propose*amendmentsà3/4*of*
states*ratify*(this*method*has*only*been*used*once,*21
st
*amendment)*
1)0+#CO%3#"%70+0;67#4-7+-('^#M'70'E5^#6).#M'D6&0%(5#
• !7'Y05#.'#C%;_-'&077'#F#Frenchmen*who*visited*America*in*the*1800's*and*
described*the*young*democracy*he*saw*
• "%70+0;67#4-7+-('#F*a*coherent*way*of*thinking*about*how*politics*and*the*
government*ought*to*be*carried*out*
o Americans*tend*to*support*free*enterprise*with*some*limits*
o Americans*tend*to*be*committed*to*individual*responsibility*and*
economic*individualism*
o Americans*believe*strongly*in*equality*of*opportunity,*NOT*result*
o Americans*tend*to*be*particularly*patriotic*and*aware*of*their*rights*
o Religion*tends*to*play*a*very*influential*role*in*determining*an*
individual’s*political*views*
• "%70+0;67#,%;0670`6+0%)#F#manner*in*which*people*develop*their*political*views*
(family,*friends,*media,*current*government,*education)*
• H.'%7%90'5##
1. Liberal*–*large*federal*government*involvement*needed*to*provide*for*the*
people*(welfare,*new*deal,*great*society)*
2. Socialist*–*belief*in*an*extremely*powerful*state*to*protect*people*
3. Conservative*–*belief*that*limited*government*is*necessary*to*grow*strong*
economy,*very*pro]business*anti]regulation*