The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion

under the ACA: Updated Findings

from a Literature Review

Prepared by:

Madeline Guth

Rachel Garﬁeld

Robin Rudowitz

Kaiser Family Foundation

March 2020

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Executive Summary

At the ten year mark since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), a substantial body of research

has investigated effects of the Medicaid expansion on coverage; access to care and related measures

(including utilization, quality of care and health outcomes, provider capacity, and affordability and financial

security); and various economic measures. This issue brief summarizes findings from 404 studies

(including 80 newly included since the last update of this analysis) of the impact of state Medicaid

expansions under the ACA published beginning in January 2014 (when the coverage provisions of the

ACA went into effect) and updates earlier versions of this brief with studies through January 2020.

This brief groups outcomes into three broad categories: coverage, access, and economic measures.

Research indicates that the expansion is linked to gains in coverage; improvements in access, financial

security, and some measures of health status/outcomes; and economic benefits for states and providers

(Figure 1).

Studies included in this review may include multiple findings across multiple categories. For example,

studies that point to increased coverage may also include findings related to access, outcomes, or

economic metrics. While most early studies focused on expansion’s impact on coverage and economic

measures, over time studies have increasingly focused on measures related to access to care (Figure 2).

Figure 1

Studies generally find positive effects of the ACA Medicaid

expansion on different outcomes.

NOTES: This brief groups outcomes into 3 categories, indicated as such: *Coverage outcomes, ^Access outcomes,

Economic outcomes. Studies

may have findings on multiple outcomes and be counted in multiple bars. “Insurance Coverage” includes coverage rates generally and for Medicaid.

SOURCE: KFF analysis of 404 studies of the impact of state Medicaid expansion published between January 2014 and January 2020.

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Positive Health Outcomes^

State Economy+

Self-Reported Health^

Provider Capacity^

Health Care Affordability

& Financial Security^

Payer Mix+

Insurance Coverage*

Access & Utilization of Care^

# of Studies

# of studies that find positive effects # of studies that find no difference or mixed findings # of studies that find negative effects

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Findings related to coverage, access, and economic measures are discussed in detail in the text of this

brief and are also summarized below:

Coverage: Studies show that Medicaid expansion states experienced significant coverage gains and

reductions in uninsured rates among the low-income population broadly and within specific vulnerable

populations. States that implemented the expansion with a waiver have seen coverage gains, but some

waiver provisions appear to compromise coverage.

Access to care and related measures: Most research demonstrates that Medicaid expansion has

improved access to care, utilization of services, the affordability of care, and financial security among the

low-income population. Studies show improved self-reported health following expansion and an

association between expansion and certain positive health outcomes. A small subset of study findings

showed no effects of expansion on certain specific measures within these access-related categories.

Findings on expansion’s effect on provider capacity are mixed, with studies showing increases,

decreases, or no effects on measures like appointment availability or wait times.

Economic measures: Analyses find effects of expansion on numerous economic outcomes, including

state budget savings, revenue gains, and overall economic growth. Multiple studies suggest that

expansion can result in state savings by offsetting state costs in other areas. The federal government

covered 100% of the cost of the expansion in the early years of the ACA and will cover 90% beginning in

2020. There is limited research examining the fiscal effects of the Medicaid expansion at the federal level.

Additional studies show that Medicaid expansions result in reductions in uncompensated care costs for

hospitals and clinics, and a growing number of studies show an association between expansion and gains

Figure 2

NOTES: Counts of studies in each category exceed the count of total studies because studies may have findings in multiple of the three categories.

An additional 6 miscellaneous studies do not have any findings that fit into the three categories and are thus not reflected in the figure.

SOURCE: KFF analysis of 404 studies of the impact of state Medicaid expansion published between January 2014 and January 2020.

More recent studies focus on outcomes related to access.

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2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

# of Studies

# of studies w/ coverage findings # of studies w/ access findings # of studies w/ economic findings total # of studies published

Number of Studies on the ACA Medicaid Expansion Published Yearly 2014-2019, Overall and by Area of Study Focus.

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

in employment as well as growth in the labor market (with a minority of studies showing neutral effects in

this area).

More recent studies: Recently published studies newly included in this analysis from July 2019 through

January 2020 support earlier findings while using the additional years of experience with expansion to

deepen findings in many areas, including expansion’s effects on health outcomes, access to services and

medications for behavioral health and other needs, providers’ financial stability, and employment. Some

recent analyses that include outcomes beyond those typically examined in Medicaid expansion research

show that expansion is associated with decreased mortality overall and for certain specific conditions;

reductions in rates of food insecurity, poverty, and home evictions; and improvements in measures of

self-reported health and healthy behaviors.

Looking back and looking ahead: Looking back on 10 years since the ACA has been enacted shows

that the Medicaid expansion has expanded coverage and led to increases in access and utilization to

health care services, improvements in financial security and positive net effects for state budgets and

revenues. This analysis may help inform states still debating whether to adopt the expansion. Future

studies will continue to examine the economic implications of the expansion as the state share of costs

remains constant at 10 percent. A looming economic downturn will also test how the Medicaid expansion

affects coverage and state budgets. Looking ahead, while additional states may expand eligibility under

the ACA, the changing landscape of Medicaid demonstration activity could limit the reach of the Medicaid

expansion as envisioned under the law. For example, the administration issued new guidance that would

allow states to cover certain adults (including the expansion population) through new demonstrations with

eligibility restrictions and not apply other Medicaid rules in exchange for capped financing. In addition,

continued efforts from the administration to conduct intense oversight and change the rules on Medicaid

enrollment and financing, as well as litigation efforts to repeal the entire ACA keep the law in the spotlight

and highlight future challenges. The outcome of the next election could bring significant changes to the

ACA, including the Medicaid expansion.

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Methods

This literature review summarizes findings from 404 studies of the impact of state Medicaid expansions

under the ACA published beginning in January 2014 (when the coverage provisions of the ACA went

into effect). This version of the brief updates earlier versions and includes studies published through

January 2020. It includes studies, analyses, and reports published by government, research, and

policy organizations using data from 2014 or later and only includes studies that examine impacts of

the Medicaid expansion in expansion states. This review excludes studies on impacts of ACA coverage

expansions generally (not specific to Medicaid expansion alone), studies investigating potential effects

of expansion in states that have not (or had not, at the time of the study) expanded Medicaid, and

reports from advocacy organizations and media sources.

To collect relevant studies, we conducted keyword searches of PubMed and other academic

health/social policy search engines as well as websites of government, research, and policy

organizations that publish health policy-related research. We also used a snowballing technique of

pulling additional studies from reference lists in previously pulled papers. While we tried to be as

comprehensive as possible in our inclusion of studies and findings that meet our criteria, it is possible

that we missed some relevant studies or findings. For each study, we read the final paper/report and

summarized the population studied, data and methods used, and findings. In instances of conflicting

findings within a study, or if a reviewer had questions about specific findings, multiple reviewers read

and classified the study to characterize its findings. In the issue brief text, findings are broken out and

reported separately in three broad categories: Medicaid expansion’s impact on coverage; access to

care and related measures; and economic outcomes for the expansion states. Studies may be cited in

multiple of these categories or in multiple places within a category. The Appendix at the end of the brief

provides a list of citations for each of the included studies, grouped by the three categories of findings.

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Impacts on Coverage

Studies find positive effects of Medicaid expansion on a range of outcomes related to insurance coverage

(Figure 3). In addition to changes in uninsured rates and Medicaid coverage, both overall and for specific

populations, studies also consider private coverage and waiver implications.

Uninsured Rate and Medicaid Coverage Changes

States expanding their Medicaid programs under the ACA have seen large increases in Medicaid

enrollment. These broad coverage increases have been driven by enrollment of adults made newly

eligible for Medicaid under expansion. Enrollment growth also occurred among both adults and children

who were previously eligible for but not enrolled in Medicaid (known as the “woodwork” or “welcome mat”

effect). Some, but not all, research finds evidence of reduced coverage churn in expansion compared to

non-expansion

states.

Numerous analyses demonstrate that Medicaid expansion states experienced large reductions in

uninsured rates that significantly exceed those in non-expansion states. The sharp declines in

uninsured rates among the low-income population in expansion states are widely attributed to gains in

Medicaid coverage. Declines began in 2014, and some studies showed that expansion-related enrollment

growth in Medicaid and declines in uninsured rates in expansion states continued in 2015, 2016, and

2017 and that the gap between coverage rates in expansion and non-expansion states continued to

Figure 3

56 56

Uninsured Rate Medicaid

Enrollment/Coverage

Coverage For Specific

Populations

Coverage Disparities Rate of Private Coverage

# of Studies

# of studies that find positive effects

# of studies that find no difference or mixed findings

# of studies that find negative effects

Studies find that the ACA Medicaid expansion had positive

effects on insurance coverage, though findings on private

coverage are mixed.

NOTE: Studies may have findings on multiple outcomes and thus be counted in multiple of these bars. Findings on rate of overall coverage and

Medicaid enrollment/coverage are for the general population (overall or Medicaid-expansion-eligible). Coverage disparities refer to disparities in

coverage by income, age, marital status, disability status, and race/ethnicity.

SOURCE: KFF analysis of 404 studies of the impact of state Medicaid expansion published between January 2014 and January 2020.

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

widen in the years after 2014. Two studies found that despite a nationwide increase in uninsured rates

from 2016 to 2017, uninsured rates remained stable in states that had expanded Medicaid and coverage

losses were concentrated in non-expansion

states.

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Several studies identified larger coverage gains in expansion versus non-expansion states for

specific vulnerable populations. While the list of specific populations studied is long, studies include:

individuals across the lifespan (children, young adults, women of reproductive age with and without

children, and the near-elderly), lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults, the unemployed, low-income workers,

justice-involved individuals, homeless individuals, noncitizens, people living in households with mixed

immigration status, migrant and seasonal agricultural workers, and early retirees. Other populations that

experienced coverage gains include those with specific medical conditions or needs such as prescription

drug users, people with substance use disorders including opioid use disorders, people with HIV, people

with disabilities, low-income adults who screened positive for depression, adults with diabetes, cancer

patients/survivors, adults with a history of cardiovascular disease or two or more cardiovascular risk

factors, and

veterans.

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Most analyses that looked at rural/urban coverage changes find that Medicaid expansion has had

a particularly large impact on Medicaid coverage or uninsured rates in rural areas. Studies have

found that Medicaid expansion reduced or eliminated disparities in coverage between adults living in rural

vs. urban areas. However, as noted below, research on coverage effects in rural versus urban areas was

mixed.

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Studies show larger Medicaid coverage gains and reductions in uninsured rates in expansion

states compared to non-expansion states occurred across most or all of the major racial/ethnic

categories. Additional research also suggests that Medicaid expansion has helped to reduce disparities

in coverage by income, age, marital status, disability status, and, in some studies,

race/ethnicity.

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A minority of coverage studies show no effect or mixed results of expansion in certain areas.

Many of these findings were included in studies that had additional findings related to coverage or

disparity improvements and are also cited above. Some findings within three studies did not show greater

coverage changes for rural areas. A limited number of studies found that expansion was not significantly

associated with changes in the uninsured rate among certain specific groups, as Medicaid coverage

gains in expansion states were offset larger private insurance gains in non-expansion states for these

groups. Findings within four studies suggested that expansion was associated with an increase in

coverage disparities (by gender in one study, by race/ethnicity in another, and by marital status among

women in two others). In addition, one study showed no significant differences in churn rates among low-

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

income adults between 2013 and 2015 based on the state’s expansion

policy.

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Private Coverage and Waiver Implications

Some studies exploring the effects of Medicaid expansion on private insurance coverage found

no evidence of Medicaid expansion coverage substituting for private coverage including

employer-sponsored insurance, while other studies showed declines in private coverage

associated with expansion overall or among certain specific population groups. These declines in

private coverage may occur if individuals previously covered through employer-sponsored or self-pay

insurance opt in to Medicaid given Medicaid’s typically lower out-of-pocket costs and more

comprehensive benefit packages, or if employers alter their offering of coverage in response to the

expansion of Medicaid. Private coverage changes in studies that include states that expanded later than

January 2014 may also reflect people above 100% FPL transitioning from subsidized Marketplace

coverage to Medicaid after their state adopts the

expansion.

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States implementing the expansion with a waiver have seen similar or larger gains in coverage as

states not using waivers, but research finds that some provisions in these waivers present

barriers to coverage.

 Studies show that some states initially expanding Medicaid with Section 1115 waivers

experienced coverage gains that were similar to gains in states implementing traditional Medicaid

expansions. Research comparing Arkansas (which expanded through a premium assistance

model) and Kentucky (which expanded through a traditional, non-waiver model) showed no

significant differences in uninsured rate declines between 2013 and 2015 in the two states. An

analysis of expansion waiver programs in Michigan and Indiana showed that both states

experienced uninsured rate reductions between 2013 and 2015 that were higher than the

average decrease among expansion states as well as large gains in Medicaid

enrollment.

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 A growing body of research suggests that certain Section 1115 waiver provisions that target the

expansion population have caused coverage losses or presented barriers to enrollment,

particularly in Arkansas related to the implementation of a Medicaid work requirement and in

Indiana related to the Healthy Indiana Plan (HIP) 2.0 monthly contribution

requirements.

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The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Impacts on Access and Related Measures

Studies find positive effects of Medicaid expansion on a range of outcomes related to access (Figure 4).

In addition to impacts on access to and utilization of care, studies consider the effect of expansion on

quality of care, self-reported health, and health outcomes; provider capacity; and affordability and

financial security.

Access to Care and Utilization

Most research demonstrates that Medicaid expansion improves access to care and increases

utilization of health care services among the low-income population. Many expansion studies point

to improvements across a wide range of measures of access to care as well as utilization of a variety of

medications and services. Some of this research also shows that improved access to care and utilization

is leading to increases in diagnoses of a range of diseases and conditions and in the number of adults

receiving consistent care for a chronic

condition.

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For example:

 Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Multiple studies found that expansion was associated with

significantly greater increases in overall or Medicaid-covered cancer diagnosis rates and/or early-

stage diagnosis rates. Multiple studies found an association between expansion and increased

Figure 4

Studies find that the ACA Medicaid expansion increased

access across a range of measures, though findings on

provider capacity are mixed.

NOTE: Studies may have findings on multiple outcomes and thus be counted in multiple of these bars.

SOURCE: KFF analysis of 404 studies of the impact of state Medicaid expansion published between January 2014 and January 2020.

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Access to Care Utilization of

Care

Health Care

Affordability

Financial

Security

Quality of Care Self-Reported

Health

Positive Health

Outcomes

Provider

Capacity

# of Studies

# of studies that find positive effects

# of studies that find no difference or mixed findings

# of studies that find negative effects

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

access to and utilization of certain types of cancer surgery, with one study finding a decreased

disparity in expansion states between Medicaid and privately-insured patients in the odds of

undergoing surgery for certain types of cancer.

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 Transplants. Additional studies found a correlation between expansion and increased heart

transplant listing rates for African American adults (both overall and among Medicaid enrollees)

and increased lung transplant listings for nonelderly adults.

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 Smoking Cessation. Additional research found decreased cigarette and other nicotine product

purchases and increased access, utilization, and Medicaid coverage of evidence-based smoking

cessation medications post-expansion in expansion states relative to non-expansion states. For

example, one recent study found that Medicaid expansion lead to a 24% increase in new use of

smoking cessation medication.

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 Behavioral Health. Recent evidence demonstrates that Medicaid expansion states have seen

improvements in access to medications and services for the treatment of behavioral health

(mental health and substance use disorder (SUD)) conditions following expansion, with many

national and multi-state studies showing greater improvements in expansion compared to non-

expansion states. This evidence includes studies that have shown that Medicaid expansion is

associated with increases in overall prescriptions for, Medicaid-covered prescriptions for, and

Medicaid spending on medications to treat opioid use disorder and opioid

overdose.

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o Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.

Multiple studies have found increases in medication assisted treatment (MAT) drug

prescriptions (either overall or Medicaid-covered prescriptions) associated with

expansion. Some of these studies also found that in contrast, there was no increase in

opioid prescribing rates (overall or Medicaid-covered) associated with expansion over the

same period. One study found that expansion was associated with an 18% increase in

aggregate opioid admissions to specialty treatment facilities, nearly all of which was

driven by a 113% increase in admissions from Medicaid

beneficiaries.

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Multiple recent studies have also found expansion to be associated with improvements in

disparities by race/ethnicity, income, education level, insurance type, and employment status in

measures of access to and utilization of care.

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Studies point to changes in patterns of emergency department (ED) utilization. Some studies point

to declines in uninsured ED visits or visit rates and increases in Medicaid-covered ED visits or visit rates

in expansion states compared to non-expansion states, compared to pre-expansion, or compared to other

populations within expansion states. Studies show inconsistent findings about how Medicaid expansion

has affected ED volume or frequency of visits overall or among specific populations (e.g., Medicaid

enrollees or frequent ED users), with some studies showing increases, no change, or declines. Studies

also showed decreased reliance on the ED as a usual source of care and a shift in ED use toward visits

for higher acuity conditions among individual patients who gained expansion coverage, compared to

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

those who remained uninsured in non-expansion

states.

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In contrast with other studies’ findings on decreased reliance on the ED as a usual source of care,

some recent studies suggest that Medicaid expansion may increase non-necessary use of certain

health services. These services include hospitalization or specialty treatment for certain specific health

conditions, including lupus, oral health conditions, and upper-extremity trauma. Authors explain that the

non-necessary use of these services could be prevented by primary care and indicates the need for

increased access to outpatient care for new enrollees.

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Evidence suggests that beneficiaries and other stakeholders lack understanding of some waiver

provisions designed to change utilization or improve health outcomes. Multiple studies have

demonstrated confusion among beneficiaries, providers, and advocates in expansion waiver states

around the basic elements of the programs or requirements for participation, as well as beneficiary

reports of barriers to completion of program activities (including internet access and transportation

barriers). These challenges have resulted in increased costs to beneficiaries, beneficiaries being

transitioned to more limited benefit packages, low program participation, or programs not operating as

intended in other ways.

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Some study findings did not show that expansion significantly improved some measures of

access, utilization, or disparities between population groups. Many of these findings were included in

studies that also found related improvements in access, utilization, or disparities measures and are also

cited above. Authors of some early studies using 2014 data note that changes in utilization may take

more than one year to materialize. Consistent with this premise, a longer-term study found improvements

in measures of access to care and financial strain in year two of the expansion that were not observed in

the first

year.

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Quality of Care, Self-Reported Health, and Health Outcomes

Several studies show an association between Medicaid expansion and improvements in quality of

care. These include studies focused on the low-income population broadly, academic medical center or

affiliated hospital patients, or community health center patients and look at outcomes including receipt of

recommended screenings or recommended care for a particular condition.

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Additional studies show effects of expansion on measures of quality hospital care and outcomes.

A few studies found that Medicaid expansion was associated with declines in hospital length of stay and

in-hospital mortality as well as increases in hospital discharges to rehabilitation facilities, and one study

found an association between expansion and declines in mechanical ventilation rates among patients

hospitalized for various conditions. One recent study found that expansion was associated with

decreased preventable hospitalizations, measured by reductions in annual ambulatory care-sensitive

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

discharge rates and inpatient days. Additional analyses found that, contrary to past studies associating

Medicaid insurance with longer hospital stays and higher in-hospital mortality, the shift in payer mix in

expansion states (increase in Medicaid discharges and decrease in uninsured discharges) did not

influence length of stay or in-hospital mortality for various types of

patients.

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Multiple studies have found improvements in measures of self-reported health or positive health

behaviors following Medicaid expansions. Studies found improvements in both measures of self-

reported physical and mental health, as well as increases in healthy behaviors such as self-reported

diabetes management. Additional research has documented provider reports of newly eligible adults

showing improved health or receiving life-saving or life-changing treatments that they could not obtain

prior to expansion.

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Studies have found an association between Medicaid expansion and improvements in certain

measures of health outcomes. Studies in this area find an association between expansion and

improvements in cardiac surgery patient outcomes and perforated appendix admission rates among

hospitalized patients with acute appendicitis. One study did not find a significant association between

expansion and differences in rates of low birth weight or preterm birth outcomes overall, but did find

significant improvements in relative disparities for black infants compared with white infants in states that

expanded vs. those that did not. Two studies found expansion was associated with increased odds of

tobacco cessation (among adult CHC patients in one study and childless adults in the

other).

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Additionally, a growing body of research has found an association between Medicaid expansion

and mortality, either population-level rates overall, for particular populations, or associated with

certain health conditions. A 2019 national study found that expansion was associated with a 0.132

percentage point decline in annual mortality among near-elderly adults driven largely by reductions in

disease-related deaths, an effect that translates to about 19,200 deaths that were averted during the first

four years of expansion (or 15,600 deaths in expansion states could have been averted in non-expansion

states). A 2020 study found that expansion was associated with a 6% lower rate of opioid overdose

deaths. Another study suggests that expansion may have contributed to infant mortality rate reductions,

finding that the mean infant mortality rate rose slightly in non-expansion states between 2014 and 2016,

compared to a decline in expansion states over that period (this effect was particularly pronounced

among the African-American population). Studies also found reductions in cardiovascular mortality among

middle-aged adults and in one-year mortality among end-stage renal disease patients initiating

dialysis.

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Some studies did not find significant changes associated with expansion on certain measures of

quality of care, self-reported health, or health outcomes.

 Some studies did not find an association between Medicaid expansion and quality outcomes;

many of these studies focused on very narrow population groups and/or found a link between

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

expansion and improvements in quality of care for some of the patient/population groups studied.

One study found no significant association between Medicaid expansion and changes in quality

of care delivered through Medicaid managed care plans. The authors suggest that this finding

shows that the health system has generally been able to absorb new expansion enrollees without

sacrificing care for existing enrollees.

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 Some studies on specific hospital patient groups found no significant changes associated with

expansion in measures of hospital care and outcomes, including rates of emergent admission,

admissions from clinic, diagnosis category at admission, admission severity, rapid discharges,

lengthy hospitalizations, unplanned readmissions, discharges to rehabilitation facilities, or failure

to rescue. One study found that expansion was associated with an increase in length of stay for

adult trauma patients.

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 A small number of studies did not find significant changes in certain measures of self-reported

health status, health outcomes including mortality, wellbeing, or healthy behaviors, or in

disparities between certain population groups in these measures. One study found that although

Medicaid expansion was associated with increased access to opioid pain-relievers, it was not

significantly associated with any change in opioid deaths. Similarly, an earlier study found no

evidence of expansion affecting drug-related overdoses or fatal alcohol poisonings. A third study

found that although opioid overdose mortality rates increased more in expansion states, this

difference was not caused by increased prescriptions. Given that it may take additional time for

measurable changes in health to occur, researchers suggest that further work is needed to

provide longer-term insight into expansion’s effects on self-reported health and health

outcomes.

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Provider Capacity

Many studies conclude that providers have expanded capacity or participation in Medicaid

following expansion and are meeting increased demands for care. Studies in this area include

findings showing an association of expansion with increases in primary care appointment availability, the

likelihood of accepting new patients with Medicaid among non-psychiatry specialist physicians, and

Medicaid acceptance and market entry among select medication assisted treatment (MAT) providers.

One study found improvements in receipt of checkups, care for chronic conditions, and quality of care

even in areas with primary care shortages, suggesting that insurance expansions can have a positive

impact even in areas with relative shortages. A survey of Medicaid managed care organizations found

that over seven in ten plans operating in expansion states reported expanding their provider networks

between January 2014 and December 2016 to serve the newly-eligible

population.

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Some studies on measures of provider availability showed no changes associated with

expansion. Authors note that findings of no changes may, in some cases, be viewed as favorable

outcomes indicating that provider availability is not worsening in expansion states despite the increased

demand for care associated with expansion. For example, despite concerns that expansion might worsen

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

access for the already-insured, two studies found that expansion was not associated with decreased

physician availability for Medicare patients.

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Other studies found expansion was linked to problems with provider availability. Some of these

studies also had positive or insignificant findings related to provider capacity for certain populations or

types of appointment with negative findings related to others. These include findings that Medicaid

expansion was associated with longer wait times for appointments or increased difficulty obtaining

appointments with specialists. Most of these studies use early data from 2014 and

2015.

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Affordability and Financial Security

Research suggests that Medicaid expansion improves the affordability of health care. Several

studies show that people in expansion states have experienced reductions in unmet medical need

because of cost, with national and multi-state studies showing those reductions were greater than

reductions in non-expansion states. Research also suggests that Medicaid expansion results in significant

reductions in out-of-pocket medical spending, and multiple studies found larger declines in trouble paying

as well as worry about paying future medical bills among people in expansion states relative to non-

expansion states. A recent study in Washington state found that among trauma patients, expansion was

associated with a 12.4 percentage point decrease in estimated catastrophic healthcare expenditure risk.

One study found that previously uninsured prescription drug users who gained Medicaid coverage in

2014 saw, on average, a $205 reduction in annual out-of-pocket spending in 2014. A January 2018 study

that focused on the 100-138% FPL population in expansion and non-expansion states also found that

Medicaid expansion coverage produced greater reductions than subsidized Marketplace coverage in

average total out-of-pocket spending, average out-of-pocket premium spending, and average cost-

sharing

spending.

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 Studies have found that Medicaid expansion significantly reduced the percentage of people with

medical debt, reduced the average size of medical debt, and reduced the probability of having

one or more medical bills go to collections in the past 6 months.

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 A study in Ohio showed lower medical debt holding levels among continuously-enrolled

expansion enrollees compared to those who unenrolled from expansion and those who had a

coverage gap, suggesting that medical debt levels rose even after a relatively short time without

Medicaid expansion coverage.

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Research also suggests an association between Medicaid expansion and improvements in

broader measures of financial stability.

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The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

For example:

 A study found that Medicaid expansion was associated with a 2.2 percentage point decrease in

very low food security (which is characterized by actual reduction of food intake due to

unaffordability) among low-income childless adults.

796

 Two 2019 national studies looked at the association between Medicaid expansion and poverty

rates. One found that expansion was associated with a reduction in the rate of poverty by just

under 1 percentage point (or an estimated 690,000 fewer Americans living in poverty). The other

found that Medicaid expansion was associated with a 1.7 percentage point reduction in the

health-inclusive poverty measure (HIPM) poverty rate and a 0.9 percentage point reduction in the

HIPM deep poverty rate that were significant across all demographic groups considered except

single-parent households and were particularly substantial for vulnerable groups including

children, the near-elderly (age 55-64), black people, Hispanics, and those who have not

completed high school. The same study showed no significant change in the Census Bureau’s

supplemental poverty measure (SPM).

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 Studies have found that Medicaid expansion significantly reduced the average number of

collections, improved credit scores, reduced over limit credit card spending, reduced public

records (such as evictions, bankruptcies, or wage garnishments), and reduced the probability of a

new bankruptcy filing, among other improvements in measures of financial security. One 2019

study found that Medicaid expansion was associated with a 1.15 reduction in the rate of evictions

per 1000 renter-occupied households and a 1.59 reduction in the rate of eviction

filings.

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 A Michigan study found an association between expansion and improvements across a broad

swath of financial measures.

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Multiple studies have found expansion to be associated with improvements in disparities by

income or race/ethnicity in measures of affordability of care or financial security.

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Some study findings did not show significant effects of expansion on measures of affordability or

financial security. Several of these studies did not identify statistically significant differences in changes

in unmet medical need due to cost between expansion and non-expansion states, though authors note

that some of these findings may have been affected by study design or data limitations. Other studies did

not find changes associated with expansion in trouble or worry about paying medical bills. Two studies

did not find improvements in disparities by race/ethnicity associated with expansion in measures of unmet

care needs due to cost.

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The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Economic Effects

Studies find positive effects of Medicaid expansion on a range of economic measures (Figure 5).

Economic effects of expansion include changes to payer mix and other impacts on hospitals and other

providers; effects on state budgets and economies; Medicaid spending per enrollee; marketplace effects;

and employment and labor market effects.

State Budgets and Economies

Analyses find effects of expansion on multiple state economic outcomes, including budget

savings, revenue gains, and overall economic growth. These positive effects occurred despite

Medicaid enrollment growth initially exceeding projections in many states and increases in total Medicaid

spending, largely driven by increases in federal spending given the enhanced federal match rate for

expansion population costs provided under the ACA (the federal share was 100% for 2014-2016). As of

Summer 2019, most expansion states reported relying on general fund support to finance the state share

of expansion costs, although some also use new or increased provider taxes/fees or savings accrued as

a result of the expansion. While studies showed higher growth rates in total Medicaid spending (federal,

state, and local) following initial expansion implementation in 2014 and 2015 compared to the previous

few years, this growth rate slowed significantly beginning in 2016. There is limited research examining the

fiscal effects at the federal level from the additional expenditures for the Medicaid expansion or the

revenues to support that spending.

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 National research found that there were no significant increases in spending from state funds as

a result of Medicaid expansion and no significant reductions in state spending on education,

Figure 5

Studies find positive effects of the ACA Medicaid expansion

across a range of economic measures.

NOTE: Studies may have findings on multiple outcomes and thus be counted in multiple of these bars.

SOURCE: KFF analysis of 404 studies of the impact of state Medicaid expansion published between January 2014 and January 2020.

Medicaid-Covered

Provider Visits

Uninsured

Provider Visits

Effects on State

Economy

Uncompensated

Care Costs

Financial

Performance of

Providers

Employment Other State Costs

# of Studies

# of studies that find positive effects

# of studies that find no difference or mixed findings

# of studies that find negative effects

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

transportation, or other state programs as a result of expansion during FYs 2010-2015. During

this period, the federal government paid for 100% of the cost expansion. State spending could

rise as the federal matching for the expansion phases down to 90%.

856

 Single-state studies in Louisiana and Montana showed that expansion resulted in large infusions

of federal funds into the states’ economies and significant state savings. Louisiana studies

showed increases in overall state and local tax receipts in 2017 and 2018. A study in Montana

found positive financial effects for businesses due to infusion of federal dollars to fund health

coverage for workers.

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Multiple studies suggest that Medicaid expansion resulted in state savings by offsetting state

costs in other areas, including state costs related to behavioral health services and crime and the

criminal justice system. For example, a study in Montana showed offsets for state SUD spending, a

study in California showed reduced county safety-net spending, and a study in Michigan pointed to state

savings for non-Medicaid health programs (including the state’s community mental health system, its

Adult Benefit Waiver program, and spending on health care for prisoners), which, combined with

increased tax revenue associated with expansion, resulted in net fiscal benefits expected through 2021.

Limited research also indicates possible federal and state savings due to decreased SSI participation

associated with expansion.

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Medicaid Spending Per Enrollee

Studies have found lower Medicaid spending per enrollee for the new ACA adult eligibility group

compared to traditional Medicaid enrollees (including seniors and people with disabilities in some

studies and excluding those populations in others) and that per enrollee costs for newly eligible

adults have declined over time since initial implementation of the expansion.

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 One analysis found that in 2014, among those states reporting both spending and enrollment

data, spending per enrollee for the new adult group was much lower than spending per enrollee

for traditional Medicaid enrollees. Similarly, an analysis of 2012-2014 data from expansion states

found that average monthly expenditures for newly eligible Medicaid enrollees were $180, 21%

less than the $228 average for previously eligible enrollees.

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 A June 2017 study showed that per enrollee Medicaid spending declined in expansion states

(-5.1%) but increased in non-expansion states (5.1%) between 2013 and 2014. Researchers

attributed these trends to the ACA Medicaid expansion, which increased the share of relatively

less expensive enrollees in the Medicaid beneficiary population mix in expansion states.

887

Marketplace Effects

Studies suggest that Medicaid expansion supports the ACA Marketplaces and may help to lower

Marketplace premiums. Two national studies showed that Marketplace premiums were significantly

lower in expansion compared to non-expansion states, with estimates ranging from 7% lower in 2015 to

11-12% lower in a later study that looked at 2015-2018 data. Another study found that the state average

plan liability risk score was higher in non-expansion than expansion states in 2015 (higher risk scores are

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

associated with sicker state risk pools and likely translate to higher premiums).

A study in Arkansas

showed that the “private option” expansion has helped to boost the number of carriers offering

Marketplace plans statewide, generated a younger and relatively healthy risk pool in the Marketplace, and

contributed to a 2% drop in the average rate of Marketplace premiums between 2014 and 2015. A study

of New Hampshire’s Premium Assistance Program (PAP) population (Medicaid expansion population

enrolled in the Marketplace), however, showed higher medical costs for the PAP population compared to

other Marketplace enrollees.

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Impacts on Hospitals and Other Providers

Research shows that Medicaid expansions result in reductions in uninsured hospital, clinic, or

other provider visits and uncompensated care costs, whereas providers in non-expansion states

have experienced little or no decline in uninsured visits and uncompensated care.

One study

suggested that Medicaid expansion cut every dollar that a hospital in an expansion state spent on

uncompensated care by 41 cents between 2013 and 2015, corresponding to a reduction in

uncompensated care costs across all expansion states of $6.2 billion over that

period.

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 Some studies point to changes in payer mix within emergency departments (EDs), specifically.

Multiple studies found significant declines in uninsured ED visits and increases in Medicaid-

covered ED visits following expansion implementation. In addition, one study found that

expansion was associated with a 6.3% increase in ED physician reimbursement per visit in states

that newly expanded coverage for adults from 0% to 138% FPL compared to non-expansion

states.

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 Multiple studies found an association between expansion and significant increases in Medicaid

coverage of patients/treatment at specialty substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities or

treatment programs, with two studies also showing associated decreases in the probability that

patients at these facilities were uninsured. An additional study found large shifts in sources of

payment for SUD treatment among justice-involved individuals following Medicaid expansion in

2014, with significant increases in those reporting Medicaid as the source of

payment.

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 Numerous recent studies found an association between expansion and payer mix (decreases in

uninsured patients and increases in Medicaid patients) among patients hospitalized for certain

specific conditions, including a range of cardiovascular conditions and operations; diabetes-

related conditions; traumatic injury; and cancer surgery. Another analysis found expansion was

associated with increases in Medicaid patient admissions for five of the eight types of cancer

included in the study. Additional studies found that expansion was associated with increases in

the proportion of transplant listings (for lung, liver, and pre-emptive kidney transplants, especially

among racial and ethnic minorities) with Medicaid coverage, as well as increases in the

proportion of received pre-emptive kidney transplantations that were covered by Medicaid. Two

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

additional studies also found an increase in the chances of enrolling in Medicaid during post-liver

transplant care. A study using birth certificate data found that expansion was associated with an

increased proportion of deliveries covered by Medicaid, which was offset by a decrease in the

proportion covered by private insurers or other payers but no change in the proportion of women

who were

uninsured.

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 Studies found that expansion’s impact on payer mix and uncompensated care varied by the type

and location of hospital. Two studies found larger decreases in uncompensated care and

increases in Medicaid revenue among hospitals that treat a disproportionate share of low-income

patients (DSH hospitals) compared to those that do not. A third study found no significant

association of Medicaid expansion with changes in charge-to-cost ratio for certain surgical

procedures in safety net hospitals vs. non-safety net hospitals, suggesting that safety net

hospitals did not increase charges to private payers in response to expansion-related payer mix

changes. A fourth study found that Medicaid expansion was significantly associated with

increased Medicaid-covered discharges for rural hospitals but not for urban hospitals, but that

urban hospitals saw significant reductions in uncompensated care costs while rural hospitals did

not.

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Additional studies demonstrate that Medicaid expansion has significantly improved operating

margins and financial performances for hospitals, other providers, and managed care

organizations. A study published in January 2018 found that Medicaid expansion was associated with

improved hospital financial performance and significant reductions in the probability of hospital closure,

especially in rural areas and areas with higher pre-ACA uninsured rates. Another analysis found that

expansion’s effects on margins were strongest for small hospitals, for-profit and non-federal-government-

operated hospitals, and hospitals located in non-metropolitan areas. A third study found larger expansion-

related improvements in operating margins for public (compared to nonprofit or for-profit) hospitals and

rural (compared to non-rural) hospitals.

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 A study of Ascension Health hospitals nationwide found that the decrease in uncompensated

care costs for hospitals in expansion states was greater than the increase in Medicaid shortfalls

between 2013 and 2014, whereas for hospitals in non-expansion states, the increase in Medicaid

shortfalls exceeded the decrease in uncompensated care.

1036

 A survey of Medicaid managed care organizations found that nearly two-thirds of plans in

expansion states reported that the expansion has had a positive effect on their financial

performance.

1037

 Recent studies on the association between expansion and hospital costs or charges for specific

conditions have found mixed results. One study found expansion was associated with increased

diagnosis-related group charges for lupus hospitalizations, but another study found an

association between expansion and reduced hospital costs for ambulatory care-sensitive

conditions and a third found lower total index hospital charges within the homeless population in

expansion states. An additional study found that hospital costs for minimally-invasive surgical

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

care decreased for Medicaid-insured patients in expansion states, but increased for

uninsured/self-pay patients.

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Some research suggests that savings to providers following expansion may be partially offset by

increases in Medicaid shortfalls (the difference between what Medicaid pays and the cost of care

for Medicaid patients). One recent study found that while expansion led to substantial reductions in

hospitals’ uncompensated care costs, savings were offset somewhat by increased Medicaid payment

shortfalls (increases were greater in expansion relative to non-expansion states).

1042

Employment and Labor Market Effects

State-specific studies have documented significant job growth resulting from expansion. Studies

in Louisiana found that in FY 2017, the injection of federal expansion funds created and supported 19,195

jobs (while creating and supporting personal earnings of $1.12 billion) in sectors throughout the economy

and across the state; in FY 2018, continued federal healthcare spending supported 14,263 jobs and

$889.0 million in personal earnings. A study in Colorado found that the state supported 31,074 additional

jobs due to Medicaid expansion as of FY 2015-2016.

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Some studies found expansion was linked to increased employment. National research found

increases in the share of individuals with disabilities reporting employment and decreases in the share

reporting not working due to a disability in Medicaid expansion states following expansion

implementation, with no corresponding trends observed in non-expansion states; other research found a

decline in participation in Supplemental Security Income, which requires people to demonstrate having a

work-limiting disability and limits their allowable earned income. Another national study found evidence

that for many of the demographic groups included in the analysis, expansion was associated with an

increase in labor force participation and employment. The study also found a significant decrease in

involuntary part-time work for both the full population sample and the sample of those with incomes at or

below 138% FPL. A multi-state study found that by the fourth year of expansion, growth in total

employment was 1.3 percentage points higher and employment growth in the health care sector was 3.2

percentage points higher in the expansion states studied than in non-expansion

states.

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Multiple studies showed that expansion supported enrollees’ ability to work, seek work, or

volunteer. Single-state studies in Ohio and Michigan showed that large percentages of expansion

beneficiaries reported that Medicaid enrollment made it easier to seek employment (among those who

were unemployed but looking for work) or continue working (among those who were employed). The

Michigan study found that 69% of enrollees who were working said they performed better at work once

they got expansion coverage. Another study found that 46% of primary care physicians surveyed in

Michigan reported that Michigan’s Medicaid expansion had a positive impact on patients’ ability to work.

An additional study in Michigan found that enrollees who reported improved health due to expansion were

more likely to say that expansion coverage improved their ability to work and to seek a new job. In

addition, a national study found an association between Medicaid expansion and volunteer work (both

formal volunteering for organizations and informally helping a neighbor), with significant increases in

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

volunteer work occurring among low-income individuals in expansion states in the post-expansion period

(through 2015) but no corresponding increase in non-expansion states. The researchers connect this

finding to previous literature showing an association between improvements in individual health and

household financial stabilization and an increased likelihood of volunteering.

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Some studies found no effects of expansion on some measures of employment or employee

behavior; just one study found a negative effect of expansion on these measures. Measures in this

area that showed no changes related to expansion in some studies include measures of employment

rates, transitions from employment to non-employment, the rate of job switches, transitions from full- to

part-time employment, labor force participation, usual hours worked per week, self-employment, and

Supplemental Security Income applications. Authors of two studies note that expansion had no effect on

employment and job-seeking despite concerns that the availability of free non-employer health insurance

could be a disincentive to finding employment. A 2019 study comparing pairs of bordering counties in

expansion and non-expansion states found that expansion was associated with a temporary 1.2%

decrease in employment one year after implementation (although this effect did not persist two years after

expansion) and no effect on wages at any point.

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Emerging Studies

Medicaid expansion was associated with a statistically significant decrease in reported cases of neglect

for children younger than six years, but no significant change in rates of physical abuse for children under

six. Another 2019 study found that Medicaid expansion was associated with increased undercounting of

Medicaid enrollment in the American Community Survey. A 2017 study found that expansion was

negatively associated with the prevalence of divorce among those ages 50-64 and infers that this likely

indicates a reduction in medical divorce. A study found that expansion was not associated with increased

migration from non-expansion states to expansion states in 2014, indicating that individuals did not

migrate in order to gain access to Medicaid benefits. An additional group of studies suggests that

Medicaid expansion may have significant effects on measures related to individuals’ political activity and

views. Specifically, studies show associations between Medicaid expansion and increases in voter

registration, ACA favorability, and gubernatorial approval. One study found that the increase in Medicaid

enrollment following Medicaid expansion was associated with increases in voter turnout for U.S. House

races in 2014 compared to 2012 (i.e., a reduction in the size of the usual midterm drop-off in turnout), but

another study showed only weak evidence of a potential turnout effect of expansion in the 2014 election,

and a consistent lack of any impact on turnout in 2016.

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The authors thank Larisa Antonisse for her work on previous versions

of this brief and assistance with reviewing recently published studies

included in this update, as well as Eva Allen from The Urban Institute

for her assistance with reviewing studies first included in an earlier

version of this brief.

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Endnotes

This is an update to four earlier versions of this issue brief that covered studies published through May

2016, January 2017, June 2017, February 2018, and June 2019.

Mark Olfson et al., "A National Survey of Trends in Health Insurance Coverage of Low-Income Adults

Following Medicaid Expansion," Journal of General Internal Medicine Epub ahead of print (October 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05409-5

John A. Graves et al., "Medicaid Expansion Slowed Rates of Health Decline for Low-Income Adults in

Southern States," Health Affairs 39, no. 1 (January 2020): 67-76,

https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00929

Jim P. Stimpson, Jessie Kemmick Pintor, and Fernando A. Wilson, "Association of Medicaid Expansion

with Health Insurance Coverage by Marital Status and Sex," PLoS One 14, no. 10 (October 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223556

Jim P. Stimpson et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Health Insurance Coverage Among

Persons With a Disability," JAMA Network Open 2, no. 7 (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7136

Gracie Himmelstein, "Effect of the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansions on Food Security, 2010-

2016," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9 (September 2019): 1243-1248,

https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305168

Sumit D. Agarwal, Anna L. Goldman, and Benjamin D. Sommers, "Blue-Collar Workers Had Greatest

Insurance Gains After ACA Implementation," Health Affairs 38, no. 7 (July 2019): 1140-1144,

https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05454

Michel Boudreaux, James M. Noon, Brett Fried, and Joanne Pascale, "Medicaid Expansion and the

Medicaid Undercount in the American Community Survey," Health Services Research 54, no. 6

(December 2019): 1263-1272, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13213

Hiroshi Gotanda, Gerald Kominski, and Yusuke Tsugawa, "Association Between the ACA Medicaid

Expansions and Primary Care and Emergency Department Use During the First 3 Years," Journal of

General Internal Medicine Epub ahead of print (December 2019), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-

05458-w

Lucie Schmidt, Lara Shore-Sheppard, and Tara Watson, The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansion

on Disability Program Applications (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26192,

August 2019), http://www.nber.org/papers/w26192

James A. Richardson, Jared J. Llorens, and Roy L. Heidelberg. Medicaid Expansion and the Louisiana

Economy, 2018 and 2019 (Louisiana Department of Health, Prepared by Louisiana State University,

August 2019), http://ldh.la.gov/assets/media/3and4.2019FinalReportMedicaidExpansionstudy.pdf

Nevada’s Medicaid Population, (Las Vegas, NV: The Guinn Center, September 2019),

https://guinncenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Guinn-Center-NV-Medicaid-Population-

Characteristics-2019.pdf

Charles J. Courtemanche et al., The Impact of the ACA on Insurance Coverage Disparities After Four

Years (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26157, August 2019),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w26157

Charles J. Courtemanche, James Marton, and Aaron Yelowitz, Medicaid Coverage across the Income

Distribution under the Affordable Care Act (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No.

26145, August 2019), http://www.nber.org/papers/w26145

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Four Years Later: Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Continue

to Diverge between ACA Medicaid Expansion and Non-Expansion States,” American Economic

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Association Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 2019): 327-333,

https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pandp.20191046

Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata, and Ishtiaque

Fazlul, “The Three‐Year Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Disparities in Insurance Coverage,” Health

Services Research (October 2018), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.13077

Laura Skopec, John Holahan, and Caroline Elmendorf, Changes in Health Insurance Coverage 2013–

2016:

Medicaid Expansion States Lead the Way, (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, September 2018),

https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/98989/changes_in_health_insurance_coverage_2013

-2016_medicaid_expansion_states_lead_the_way_1.pdf

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Thomas Buchmueller, Zachary Levinson, Helen Levy, and Barbara Wolfe, “Effect of the Affordable

Care Act on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage,” American Journal of Public

Health (May 2016), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27196653

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Kelsey Avery, Kenneth Finegold, and Amelia Whitman, Affordable Care Act Has Led to Historic,

Widespread Increase in Health Insurance Coverage (Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and

Evaluation, September 2016),

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114

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Changes in Utilization and

Health Among Low-Income Adults After Medicaid Expansion or Expanded Private Insurance,” The

Journal of the American Medical Association 176 no. 10 (October 2016): 1501-1509,

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115

Benjamin Sommers, Thomas Musco, Kenneth Finegold, Munira Gunja, Amy Burke, and Audrey

McDowell, “Health Reform and Changes in Health Insurance Coverage in 2014” The New England

Journal of Medicine 371 (August 2014): 867-874, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsr1406753

116

Manatt Health, Medicaid Expansion: How It Affects Montana’s State Budget, Economy, and Residents

(Montana Healthcare Foundation, prepared by Manatt Health, June 2018), https://mthcf.org/wp-

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117

The Ohio Department of Medicaid, 2018 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment: A Follow

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2016 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment, (The Ohio Department of Medicaid, August 2018),

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118

Arkansas Health Reform Legislative Task Force, Health Care Task Force Preliminary Report,

(Arkansas Health Reform Legislative Task Force, December 2015),

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119

Deloitte Development LLC, Commonwealth of Kentucky Medicaid Expansion Report, (Deloitte

Development LLC, February 2015), http://jointhehealthjourney.com/images/uploads/channel-

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120

Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, and Daniela Zapata, Impacts

of the Affordable Care Act on Health Insurance Coverage in Medicaid Expansion and Non-Expansion

States (Working Paper No. 22182, The National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2016),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w22182

121

Amy Davidoff et al., “Changes in Health Insurance Coverage Associated With the Affordable Care Act

Among Adults With and Without a Cancer History: Population-based National Estimates,” Medical Care

56, no. 3 (March 2018), https://journals.lww.com/lww-

medicalcare/Abstract/2018/03000/Changes_in_Health_Insurance_Coverage_Associated.5.aspx

122

Joshua Clinton and Michael Sances, “The Politics of Policy: The Initial Mass Political Effects of

Medicaid Expansion in the States,” American Political Science Review 112, no. 1 (February 2018): 167-

185, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/politics-of-policy-

the-initial-mass-political-effects-of-medicaid-expansion-in-the-

states/246AA0F10B44EFD62A7B27C661730823

123

Manzilat Akande, Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, Deena Chisolm, and Jennifer Cooper,

“Effects Of Medicaid Expansion On Disparities In Trauma Care And Outcomes In Young Adults,” Journal

of Surgical Research 228 (August 2018): 42-53,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022480418301562

124

Laura Wherry and Sarah Miller, “Early Coverage, Access, Utilization, and Health Effects Associated

with the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions: A Quasi-experimental Study,” Annals of Internal

Medicine, Epub ahead of print (April 2016), http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2513980

125

Benjamin Sommers, Rebecca Gourevitch, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, and Arnold Epstein,

“Insurance Churning Rates for Low-Income Adults Under Health Reform: Lower Than Expected but Still

Harmful for Many,” Health Affairs 35 no. 10 (October 2016): 1816-1824,

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/10/1816.full?sid=f4835910-ffd0-4864-a76a-b4f207ccd018

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

126

Jessica Vistnes and Joel Cohen, “Duration of Uninsured Spells For Nonelderly Adults Declined After

2014,” Health Affairs 37, no. 6 (June 2018),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1638

127

Adele Shartzer, Frederic Blavin, and John Holohan, “Employer-Sponsored Insurance Stable For Low-

Income Workers In Medicaid Expansion States,” Health Affairs 37, no. 4 (April 2018),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1205

128

Benjamin Sommers, Carrie Fry, Robert Blendon, and Arnold Epstein, “New Approaches in Medicaid:

Work Requirements, Health Savings Accounts, and Health Care Access,” Health Affairs 37, no. 7 (June

2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0331

129

Pauline Leung and Alexandre Mas, Employment Effects of the ACA Medicaid Expansions (Working

Paper No. 22540, National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2016),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w22540

130

John Heintzman, Steffani Bailey, Jennifer DeVoe, Stuart Cowburn, Tanya Kapka, Truc-Vi Duong, and

Miguel Marino, “In Low-Income Latino Patients, Post-Affordable Care Act Insurance Disparities May Be

Reduced Even More than Broader National Estimates: Evidence from Oregon,” Journal of Racial and

Ethnic Health Disparities (April 2016), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27105630

131

Susan Hayes, Pamela Riley, David Radley, and Douglas McCarthy, Reducing Racial and Ethnic

Disparities in Access to Care: Has the Affordable Care Act Made a Difference? (The Commonwealth

Fund, August 2017), http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/aug/racial-ethnic-

disparities-care

132

Sergio Gonzales and Benjamin Sommers, “Intra-Ethnic Coverage Disparities among Latinos and the

Effects of Health Reform” Health Services Research epub ahead of print (June 2017),

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.12733/full

133

Julia Foutz, Samantha Artiga, and Rachel Garfield, The Role of Medicaid in Rural America

(Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, April 2017), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-role-of-

medicaid-in-rural-america/

134

Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata, Early Effects

of the Affordable Care Act on Health Care Access, Risky Health Behaviors, and Self-Assessed Health

(National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper no. 23269, March 2017),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w23269

135

Stacey McMorrow, Genevieve Kenney, Sharon Long, and Jason Gates, “Marketplaces Helped Drive

Coverage Gains in 2015; Affordability Problems Remained,” Health Affairs 35 no. 10 (October 2016):

1810-1815, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/10/1810.full

136

Sharon Long, Michael Karpman, Adele Shartzer, Douglas Wissoker, Genevieve Kenney, Stephen

Zuckerman, Nathaniel Anderson, and Katherine Hempstead, Taking Stock: Health Insurance Coverage

under the ACA as of September 2014 (The Urban Institute, December 2014),

http://hrms.urban.org/briefs/Health-Insurance-Coverage-under-the-ACA-as-of-September-2014.html

137

Nicolas Ajkay et al, “Early Impact of Medicaid Expansion and Quality of Breast Cancer Care in

Kentucky,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons, epub ahead of print, February 2018,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S107275151830022X

138

Molly Frean, Jonathan Gruber, and Benjamin Sommers, Premium Subsidies, the Mandate, and

Medicaid Expansion: Coverage Effects of the Affordable Care Act (Working Paper No. 22213, National

Bureau of Economic Research, April 2016),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w22213?utm_campaign=ntw&utm_medium=email&utm_source=ntw

139

Dennis McCarty, Yifan Gu, John W. McIlveen, and Bonnie K. Lind, "Medicaid expansion and treatment

for opioid use disorders in Oregon: an interrupted time-series analysis,” Addiction Science & Clinical

Practice 14 (August 2019), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-019-0160-6

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

140

Sarah H. Gordon, Benjamin D. Sommers, Ira B. Wilson, and Amal N. Trivedi, "Effects Of Medicaid

Expansion On Postpartum Coverage And Outpatient Utilization," Health Affairs 39, no. 1 (January 2020):

77-84, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00547

141

Helmneh M. Sineshaw et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With

Stage at Diagnosis and Time to Treatment Initiation for Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell

Carcinoma," JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Epub ahead of print (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2019.4310

142

Scott R. Sanders et al., "Infants Without Health Insurance: Racial/Ethnic and Rural/Urban Disparities in

Infant Households' Insurance Coverage," PLoS One 15, no. 1 (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222387

143

John J. Park et al., "Medicaid and Private Insurance Coverage for Low-Income Asian Americans,

Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders, 2010-16," Health Affairs 38, no. 11 (November 2019): 1911-

1917, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00316

144

Kevin N. Griffith, "Changes in Insurance Coverage and Access to Care for Young Adults in 2017,"

Journal of Adolescent Health Epub ahead of print (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.020

145

Jessica Sharac, Rachel Gunsalus, Chi Tran, Peter Shin, and Sara Rosenbaum, How are Migrant

Health Centers and their Patients Faring Under the Affordable Care Act? (Geiger Gibson/RCHN

Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative, The George Washington University Milken

Institute of Public Health, May 2016), http://www.rchnfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Migrant-

Health-Centers-Patients-Under-Affordable-Care-Act.pdf

146

Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen G. Levy, and Robert G. Valletta, Medicaid Expansion and the

Unemployed (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26553, December 2019),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w26553

147

Kelsey L. Corrigan et al., "The Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Insurance

Coverage and Cancer-Directed Treatment in HIV-Infected Patients With Cancer in the United States,"

Cancer (November 2019), https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32563

148

Jin Huang and Shirley L. Porterfield, "Changes in Health Insurance Coverage and Health Care Access

as Teens with Disabilities Transition to Adulthood," Disability and Health Journal 12, no. 4 (October

2019): 551-556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.06.009

149

Jim P. Stimpson et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Health Insurance Coverage Among

Persons With a Disability," JAMA Network Open 2, no. 7 (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7136

150

Huabin Luo, Zhuo Chen, Lei Xu, and Ronny Bell, "Health Care Access and Receipt of Clinical

Diabetes Preventive Care for Working-Age Adults With Diabetes in States With and Without Medicaid

Expansion: Results from the 2013 and 2015 BRFSS," Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

25, no. 4 (July/August 2019): 34-43, https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000832

151

Sarah Miller, Sean Altekruse, Norman Johnson, and Laura R. Wherry, Medicaid and Mortality: New

Evidence from Linked Survey and Administrative Data (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working

Paper No. 26081, July 2019), http://www.nber.org/papers/w26081

152

Sameed Ahmed Khatana et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Cardiovascular Mortality,"

JAMA Cardiology 4, no. 7 (July 2019): 671-679, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1651

153

Mark Olfson, Melanie Wall, Colleen Barry, Christine Mauro, and Ramin Mojtabai, “Impact Of Medicaid

Expansion On Coverage And Treatment Of Low-Income Adults With Substance Use Disorders,” Health

Affairs 37 no. 8 (August 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0124

154

Carrie Fry and Benjamin Sommers, “Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance Coverage and

Access to Care Among Adults With Depression,” Psychiatric Services 69, no. 11 (November 2018),

https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ps.201800181

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

155

Jim Stimpson and Fernando Wilson, “Medicaid Expansion Improved Health Insurance Coverage For

Immigrants, But Disparities Persist,” Health Affairs 37, no. 10 (October 2018),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0181

156

Amy Davidoff et al., “Changes in Health Insurance Coverage Associated With the Affordable Care Act

Among Adults With and Without a Cancer History: Population-based National Estimates,” Medical Care

56, no. 3 (March 2018), https://journals.lww.com/lww-

medicalcare/Abstract/2018/03000/Changes_in_Health_Insurance_Coverage_Associated.5.aspx

157

Xuesong Han et al., "Changes in Noninsurance and Care Unaffordability Among Cancer Survivors

Following the Affordable Care Act," Journal of the National Cancer Institute Epub ahead of print

(November 2019), https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz218

158

Xuesong Han, Robin Yabroff, Elizabeth Ward, Otis Brawley, and Ahmedin Jemal, “Comparison of

Insurance Status and Diagnosis Stage Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Cancer Before vs After

Implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,” JAMA Oncology 4, no. 12 (August

2018): 1713-1720, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2697226

159

Michael Cohen and William Schpero, “Household Immigration Status Had Differential Impact On

Medicaid Enrollment In Expansion And Nonexpansion States,” Health Affairs 37, no. 3 (March 2018),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0978

160

Tyler Winkelman, Edith Kieffer, Susan Goold, Jeffrey Morenoff, Kristen Cross, and John Ayanian,

“Health Insurance Trends and Access to Behavioral Health Care Among Justice-Involved Individuals,”

Journal of General Internal Medicine 31, no. 12 (December 2016): 1523-1529,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27638837

161

Vikki Wachino and Samantha Artiga, How Connecting Justice-Involved Individuals to Medicaid Can

Help Address the Opioid Epidemic (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, June 2019),

https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/how-connecting-justice-involved-individuals-to-medicaid-can-

help-address-the-opioid-epidemic/

162

Brendan Saloner, Sachini Bandara, Emma McGinty, and Colleen Barry, “Justice-Involved Adults With

Substance Use Disorders: Coverage Increased but Rates of Treatment Did Not in 2014,” Health Affairs

35 no. 6 (June 2016), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0005

163

Ankit Agarwal, Aaron Katz, and Ronald Chen, “The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Disparities in

Private and Medicaid Insurance Coverage among Patients Under 65 with Newly Diagnosed Cancer,”

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics (May 2019),

https://www.redjournal.org/article/S0360-3016(19)30783-7/pdf

164

Ameen Barghi, Hugo Torres, Nancy Kressin, and Danny McCormick, “Coverage and Access for

Americans with Cardiovascular Disease or Risk Factors After the ACA: a Quasi-experimental Study,”

Journal of General Internal Medicine epub ahead of print (June 2019),

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165

Emily Brown, Michelle Garrison, Hao Bao, Pingping Qu, Carole Jenny, and Ali Rowhani-Rahbar,

“Assessment of Rates of Child Maltreatment in States With Medicaid Expansion vs States Without

Medicaid Expansion,” JAMA Network Open 2, no. 6 (June 2019),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/article-abstract/2735758

166

Brandy Lipton, Sandra Decker, and Benjamin Sommers, “The Affordable Care Act Appears to Have

Narrowed Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Among Young Adults”

Medical Care Research and Review 76, no.1 (April 2017): 32–55,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29148341

167

Jose Mesquita-Neto, Peter Cmorej, Hassan Mouzaihem, Donald Weaver, Steve Kim, and Francis

Macedo, “Disparities In Access To Cancer Surgery After Medicaid Expansion,” The American Journal of

Surgery epub ahead of print (June 2019),

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002961019306889

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168

Lindsey Dawson, Jennifer Kates, and Anthony Damico, The Affordable Care Act and Insurance

Coverage Changes by Sexual Orientation (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, January 2018),

https://www.kff.org/disparities-policy/issue-brief/the-affordable-care-act-and-insurance-coverage-changes-

by-sexual-orientation/

169

Aparna Soni, Lindsay Sabik, Kosali Simon, and Benjamin Sommers, “Changes in Insurance Coverage

Among Cancer Patients Under the Affordable Care Act,” Journal of the American Medical Association 4,

no. 1 (January 2018): 122-124, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-

abstract/2657670?redirect=true&redirect=true

170

Fumiko Chino, Gita Suneja, Haley Moss, S. Yousuf Zafar, Laura Havrilesky, and Junzo Chino,

“Healthcare Disparities in Cancer Patients Receiving Radiation: Changes in Insurance Status After

Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology

(December 2017), http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360301617341883

171

Claire E. Margerison et al., "Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Among Women of Reproductive

Age," American Journal of Preventive Medicine Epub ahead of print (November 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.019

172

Emily Johnston, Andrea Strahan, Peter Joski, Anne Dunlop, and E. Kathleen Adams, “Impacts of the

Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion on Women of Reproductive Age,” Women’s Health Issues, 28,

no. 2 (February 2018), http://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(17)30242-6/pdf

173

Ahmedin Jemal, Chun Chieh Lin, Amy Davidoff, and Xuesong Han, “Changes in Insurance Coverage

and Stage at Diagnosis Among Nonelderly Patients with Cancer after the Affordable Care Act,” Journal of

Clinical Oncology 35, no. 35 (December 2017), http://ascopubs.org/doi/pdf/10.1200/JCO.2017.73.7817

174

Haley Moss, Laura Havrilesky, and Junzo Chino, “Insurance Coverage Among Women Diagnosed

with a Gynecologic Malignancy Before and After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act,” Gynecologic

Oncology 146, no. 3 (September 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28641821

175

Barbara DiPietro, Samantha Artiga, and Alexandra Gates, Early Impacts of the Medicaid Expansion for

the Homeless Population (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured,

November 2014), http://kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/early-impacts-of-the-medicaid-expansion-for-the-

homeless-population/

176

Matt Warfield, Barbara DiPietro, and Samantha Artiga, How has the ACA Medicaid Expansion Affected

Providers Serving the Homeless Population: Analysis of Coverage, Revenues, and Costs (Washington,

DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, March 2016),

http://files.kff.org/attachment/issue-brief-how-has-the-aca-medicaid-expansion-affected-providers-serving-

the-homeless-population

177

Samantha Artiga, Barbara DiPietro, and Petry Ubri, The Role of Medicaid and the Impact of the

Medicaid Expansion for Veterans Experiencing Homelessness, (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family

Foundation, October 2017), https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-role-of-medicaid-and-impact-of-

the-medicaid-expansion-for-veterans-experiencing-homelessness/

178

A. Taylor Kelley, Renuka Tipirneni, and Helen Levy, "Changes in Veterans' Coverage and Access to

Care Following the Affordable Care Act, 2011-2017," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9

(September 2019): 1233-1235, https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305160

179

Michael Dworsky, Carrie Farmer, and Mimi Shen, Veterans’ Health Insurance Coverage Under the

Affordable Care Act and Implications of Repeal for the Department of Veterans Affairs, (RAND

Corporation, 2017), https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1955.html

180

Jennifer Haley, Robin Wang, Matthew Buettgens, and Genevieve Kenney, Health Insurance Coverage

among Children Ages 3 and Younger and Their Parents in 2016 (The Urban Institute, January 2018),

https://www.urban.org/research/publication/health-insurance-coverage-among-children-ages-3-and-

younger-and-their-parents-2016

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

181

Kevin Griffith, Leigh Evans, and Jacob Bor, “The Affordable Care Act Reduced Socioeconomic

Disparities in Health Care Access,” Health Affairs 36 no. 8 (August 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0083

182

Julie Hudson and Asako Moriya, “Medicaid Expansion for Adults Had Measureable ‘Welcome Mat’

Effects on Their Children,” Health Affairs, 36 no. 9 (September 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0347

183

Stephen Berry et al., “Healthcare Coverage for HIV Provider Visits before and after Implementation of

the Affordable Care Act,” Clinical Infectious Diseases, (May 2016),

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27143660

184

Jennifer Kates and Lindsey Dawson, Insurance Coverage Changes for People with HIV Under the

ACA (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, February 2017), http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-

brief/insurance-coverage-changes-for-people-with-hiv-under-the-aca/

185

Jennifer Haley, Genevieve Kenney, and Jason Gates, Veterans Saw Broad Coverage Gains Between

2013 and 2015 (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, April 2017),

http://www.urban.org/research/publication/veterans-saw-broad-coverage-gains-between-2013-and-2015

186

Stacey McMorrow, Jason Gates, Sharon Long, and Genevieve Kenney, “Medicaid Expansion

Increased Coverage, Improved Affordability, and Reduced Psychological Distress for Low-Income

Parents,” Health Affairs 36 no. 5 (May 2017): 808-818,

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1650

187

Stacey McMorrow, Genevieve Kenney, Sharon Long, and Jason Gates, The ACA Medicaid Expansion

Led to Widespread Reductions in Uninsurance Among Poor Childless Adults (The Urban Institute, April

2017), http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89536/2001222-

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188

George Wehby and Wei Lyu, “The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansions on Health Insurance

Coverage through 2015 and Coverage Disparities by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender” Health Services

Research epub ahead of print (May 2017), http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-

6773.12711/abstract

189

Stacey McMorrow, Genevieve Kenney, Sharon Long, and Nathaniel Anderson, “Uninsurance Among

Young Adults Continues to Decline, Particularly in Medicaid Expansion States,” Health Affairs 34, no. 4

(April 2015): 616-620, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/4/616.full

190

Andrew W. Mulcahy, Christine Eibner, and Kenneth Finegold, “Gaining Coverage Through Medicaid

Or Private Insurance Increased Prescription Use and Lowered Out-Of-Pocket Spending,” Health Affairs

35, no. 9 (September 2016),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2016/08/16/hlthaff.2016.0091.full

191

Michael Karpman, Jason Gates, Genevieve Kenney, Stacey McMorrow, How Are Moms Faring under

the Affordable Care Act? Evidence Through 2014, (The Urban Institute, May 2016),

http://www.urban.org/research/publication/how-are-moms-faring-under-affordable-care-act-evidence-

through-2014

192

Genevieve Kenney, Jennifer Haley, Clare Pan, Victoria Lynch, and Matthew Buettgens, Children’s

Coverage Climb Continues: Uninsurance and Medicaid/CHIP Eligibility and Participation Under the ACA,

(Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, May 2016), http://www.urban.org/research/publication/childrens-

coverage-climb-continues-uninsurance-and-medicaidchip-eligibility-and-participation-under-aca

193

Alanna Williamson, Larisa Antonisse, Jennifer Tolbert, Rachel Garfield, and Anthony Damico, ACA

Coverage Expansions and Low-Income Workers (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and

the Uninsured, June 2016), http://kff.org/report-section/aca-coverage-expansions-and-low-income-

workers-issue-brief/

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

194

Helen Levy, Thomas Buchmueller, and Sayeh Nikpay, Health Reform and Health Insurance Coverage

of Early Retirees (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Retirement Research Center Working Paper,

September 2016),

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195

Robert Kaestner, Bowen Garrett, Anuj Gangopadhyaya, and Caitlyn Fleming, Effects of ACA Medicaid

Expansions on Health Insurance Coverage and Labor Supply (Working Paper No. 21836, National

Bureau of Economic Research, December 2015), http://www.nber.org/papers/w21836

196

Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata, and

Ishtiaque Fazlul, “The Three‐Year Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Disparities in Insurance

Coverage,” Health Services Research (October 2018), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-

6773.13077

197

Julia Foutz, Samantha Artiga, and Rachel Garfield, The Role of Medicaid in Rural America

(Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, April 2017), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-role-of-

medicaid-in-rural-america/

198

Aparna Soni, Michael Hendryx, and Kosali Simon, “Medicaid Expansion under the Affordable Care Act

and Insurance Coverage in Rural and Urban Areas,” The Journal of Rural Health epub ahead of print

(January 2017), http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jrh.12234/full

199

Ankit Agarwal, Aaron Katz, and Ronald Chen, “The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Disparities in

Private and Medicaid Insurance Coverage among Patients Under 65 with Newly Diagnosed Cancer,”

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics (May 2019),

https://www.redjournal.org/article/S0360-3016(19)30783-7/pdf

200

Charles J. Courtemanche et al., The Impact of the ACA on Insurance Coverage Disparities After Four

Years (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26157, August 2019),

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201

Amandeep R. Mahal et al., "Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid Expansion on Racial

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Jesse C. Baumgartner, Sara R. Collins, David C. Radley, and Susan L. Hayes, How the Affordable

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Anna L. Goldman and Benjamin D. Sommers, "Among Low-Income Adults Enrolled In Medicaid,

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Scott R. Sanders et al., "Infants Without Health Insurance: Racial/Ethnic and Rural/Urban Disparities in

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205

Xuesong Han et al., "Changes in Noninsurance and Care Unaffordability Among Cancer Survivors

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206

Jim P. Stimpson et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Health Insurance Coverage Among

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Sandra Decker, Brandy Lipton, and Benjamin Sommers, “Medicaid Expansion Coverage Effects Grew

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208

Manzilat Akande, Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, Deena Chisolm, and Jennifer Cooper,

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Hyunjung Lee and Frank Porell, “The Effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on

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Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata, and

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Xuesong Han, Robin Yabroff, Elizabeth Ward, Otis Brawley, and Ahmedin Jemal, “Comparison of

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Fumiko Chino, Gita Suneja, Haley Moss, S. Yousuf Zafar, Laura Havrilesky, and Junzo Chino,

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George Wehby and Wei Lyu, “The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansions on Health Insurance

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Dahai Yue, Petra Rasmussen, and Ninez Ponce, “Racial/Ethnic Differential Effects of Medicaid

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Thomas Buchmueller, Zachary Levinson, Helen Levy, and Barbara Wolfe, “Effect of the Affordable

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Sergio Gonzales and Benjamin Sommers, “Intra-Ethnic Coverage Disparities among Latinos and the

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Ankit Agarwal, Aaron Katz, and Ronald Chen, “The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Disparities in

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John Heintzman, Steffani Bailey, Jennifer DeVoe, Stuart Cowburn, Tanya Kapka, Truc-Vi Duong, and

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Kevin Griffith, Leigh Evans, and Jacob Bor, “The Affordable Care Act Reduced Socioeconomic

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Michael Dworsky and Christine Eibner, The Effect of the 2014 Medicaid Expansion on Insurance

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Brandy Lipton, Sandra Decker, and Benjamin Sommers, “The Affordable Care Act Appears to Have

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Aparna Soni, Michael Hendryx, and Kosali Simon, “Medicaid Expansion under the Affordable Care Act

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Scott R. Sanders et al., "Infants Without Health Insurance: Racial/Ethnic and Rural/Urban Disparities in

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227

Jin Huang and Shirley L. Porterfield, "Changes in Health Insurance Coverage and Health Care Access

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Claire E. Margerison et al., "Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Among Women of Reproductive

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Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen G. Levy, and Robert G. Valletta, Medicaid Expansion and the

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Helen Levy, Thomas Buchmueller, and Sayeh Nikpay, “The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on

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232

Thomas Selden, Brandy Lipton, and Sandra Decker, “Medicaid Expansion and Marketplace Eligibility

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Abigail Barker, Kelsey Huntzberry, Timothy McBride, and Keith Mueller, Changing Rural and Urban

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Hyunjung Lee and Frank Porell, “The Effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on

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George Wehby and Wei Lyu, “The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansions on Health Insurance

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Rene Flores and Robert Vargas, “Medicaid Expansion And Ethnoracial Disparities In Health Insurance

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Charles J. Courtemanche et al., The Impact of the ACA on Insurance Coverage Disparities After Four

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Sumit D. Agarwal, Anna L. Goldman, and Benjamin D. Sommers, "Blue-Collar Workers Had Greatest

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Kelsey L. Corrigan et al., "The Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Insurance

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John J. Park et al., "Medicaid and Private Insurance Coverage for Low-Income Asian Americans,

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Jim P. Stimpson, Jessie Kemmick Pintor, and Fernando A. Wilson, "Association of Medicaid

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243

Xuesong Han et al., "Changes in Noninsurance and Care Unaffordability Among Cancer Survivors

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244

Michael Dworsky and Christine Eibner, The Effect of the 2014 Medicaid Expansion on Insurance

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Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata, and

Ishtiaque Fazlul, “The Three‐Year Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Disparities in Insurance

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246

Dahai Yue, Petra Rasmussen, and Ninez Ponce, “Racial/Ethnic Differential Effects of Medicaid

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247

Benjamin Sommers, Rebecca Gourevitch, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, and Arnold Epstein,

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Sergio Gonzales and Benjamin Sommers, “Intra-Ethnic Coverage Disparities among Latinos and the

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Mark Olfson et al., "A National Survey of Trends in Health Insurance Coverage of Low-Income Adults

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250

John J. Park et al., "Medicaid and Private Insurance Coverage for Low-Income Asian Americans,

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251

Jin Huang and Shirley L. Porterfield, "Changes in Health Insurance Coverage and Health Care Access

as Teens with Disabilities Transition to Adulthood," Disability and Health Journal 12, no. 4 (October

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252

Laura Skopec, John Holahan, and Caroline Elmendorf, Health Insurance Coverage Declined for

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Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen G. Levy, and Robert G. Valletta, Medicaid Expansion and the

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254

Stephen Berry et al., “Healthcare Coverage for HIV Provider Visits before and after Implementation of

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255

Helen Levy, Thomas Buchmueller, and Sayeh Nikpay, “The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on

Household Consumption,” Eastern Economic Journal 45, no. 1 (January 2019): 34-57,

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256

Thomas Selden, Brandy Lipton, and Sandra Decker, “Medicaid Expansion and Marketplace Eligibility

Both Increased Coverage, With Trade-Offs in Access, Affordability,” Health Affairs 36 no. 12 (December

2017), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0830

257

Manzilat Akande, Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, Deena Chisolm, and Jennifer Cooper,

“Effects Of Medicaid Expansion On Disparities In Trauma Care And Outcomes In Young Adults,” Journal

of Surgical Research 228 (August 2018): 42-53,

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258

Jean M. Abraham, Anne B. Royalty, and Coleman Drake, "The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on

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259

Kelsey L. Corrigan et al., "The Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Insurance

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260

Adele Shartzer, Frederic Blavin, and John Holohan, “Employer-Sponsored Insurance Stable For Low-

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261

Molly Frean, Jonathan Gruber, and Benjamin Sommers, Premium Subsidies, the Mandate, and

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Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Four Years Later: Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Continue

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Michael Dworsky and Christine Eibner, The Effect of the 2014 Medicaid Expansion on Insurance

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Stacey McMorrow, Genevieve Kenney, Sharon Long, and Nathaniel Anderson, “Uninsurance Among

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265

Sandra Decker, Brandy Lipton, and Benjamin Sommers, “Medicaid Expansion Coverage Effects Grew

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266

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Health and Access to Care During the First 2 Years of the ACA

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Pauline Leung and Alexandre Mas, Employment Effects of the ACA Medicaid Expansions (Working

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George Wehby and Wei Lyu, “The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansions on Health Insurance

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Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, and Daniela Zapata, Impacts

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Seth Freedman, Lilliard Richardson, and Kosali Simon, “Learning From Waiver States: Coverage

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271

Joanna Woronkowicz, Aparna Soni, Seth Freedman, and Kosali Simon, “How Have Recent Health

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272

Ankit Agarwal, Aaron Katz, and Ronald Chen, “The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Disparities in

Private and Medicaid Insurance Coverage among Patients Under 65 with Newly Diagnosed Cancer,”

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273

Aparna Soni, Michael Hendryx, and Kosali Simon, “Medicaid Expansion under the Affordable Care Act

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274

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Changes in Utilization and

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275

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, and E. John Orav, “Both the ‘Private Option’ And Traditional

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276

Anna L. Goldman and Benjamin D. Sommers, "Among Low-Income Adults Enrolled In Medicaid,

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278

Benjamin Sommers, Carrie Fry, Robert Blendon, and Arnold Epstein, “New Approaches in Medicaid:

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279

MaryBeth Musumeci, Robin Rudowitz, Petry Ubri, and Elizabeth Hinton, An Early Look at Medicaid

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280

Benjamin Sommers, Anna Goldman, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Medicaid

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Amandeep R. Mahal et al., "Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid Expansion on Racial

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282

MaryBeth Musumeci, Robin Rudowitz, and Barbara Lyons, Medicaid Work Requirements in Arkansas:

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MaryBeth Musumeci, Robin Rudowitz, and Cornelia Hall, An Early Look at Implementation of Medicaid

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Robin Rudowitz, MaryBeth Musumeci, and Cornelia Hall, February State Data for Medicaid Work

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MaryBeth Musumeci, Disability and Technical Issues Were Key Barriers to Meeting Arkansas’

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286

The Lewin Group, Healthy Indiana Plan 2.0: POWER Account Contribution Assessment, (The Lewin

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The Lewin Group, Indiana Healthy Indiana Plan 2.0: Interim Evaluation Report (The Lewin Group,

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288

Emily Zylla, Colin Planalp, Elizabeth Lukanen, and Lynn Blewett, Section 1115 Medicaid Expansion

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289

MaryBeth Musumeci, Robin Rudowitz, Petry Ubri, and Elizabeth Hinton, An Early Look at Medicaid

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290

Benjamin Sommers, Carrie Fry, Robert Blendon, and Arnold Epstein, “New Approaches in Medicaid:

Work Requirements, Health Savings Accounts, and Health Care Access,” Health Affairs 37, no. 7 (June

2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0331

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291

Jusung Lee et al., "The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Diabetes Management," Diabetes Care

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292

Emanuel Eguia et al., "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Vascular

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293

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Helmneh M. Sineshaw et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With

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Jesse C. Baumgartner, Sara R. Collins, David C. Radley, and Susan L. Hayes, How the Affordable

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Anna L. Goldman and Benjamin D. Sommers, "Among Low-Income Adults Enrolled In Medicaid,

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Sarah H. Gordon, Benjamin D. Sommers, Ira B. Wilson, and Amal N. Trivedi, "Effects Of Medicaid

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Emanuel Eguia et al., "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Access to

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Jin Huang and Shirley L. Porterfield, "Changes in Health Insurance Coverage and Health Care Access

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Kelsie M. Gould et al., "Bariatric Surgery Among Vulnerable Populations: The Effect of the Affordable

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Samantha Artiga, Robin Rudowitz, Jennifer Tolbert, Julia Paradise, and Melissa Majerol, Findings from

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Michael McCue, “The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Medicaid Focused Insurers in California,”

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Afshin Ehsan et al., "Utilization of Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Vulnerable Adults Across Medicaid

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Susannah Gibbs et al., "Evaluating the Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Access to Preventive

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Hefei Wen, Tyrone Borders, and Benjamin Druss, ”Number of Medicaid Prescriptions Grew, Drug

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Jane Wishner, Patricia Solleveld, Robin Rudowitz, Julia Paradise, and Larisa Antonisse, A Look at

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Nathalie Huguet et al., “Cervical And Colorectal Cancer Screening Prevalence Before And After

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Paul Jacobs, Genevieve Kenney, and Thomas Selden, “Newly Eligible Enrollees In Medicaid Spend

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Ahmedin Jemal, Chun Chieh Lin, Amy Davidoff, and Xuesong Han, “Changes in Insurance Coverage

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Claire E. Margerison et al., "Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Among Women of Reproductive

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Emily Johnston, Andrea Strahan, Peter Joski, Anne Dunlop, and E. Kathleen Adams, “Impacts of the

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Andrew W. Mulcahy, Christine Eibner, and Kenneth Finegold, “Gaining Coverage Through Medicaid

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Heather Holderness et al., "Where Do Oregon Medicaid Enrollees Seek Outpatient Care Post-

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Brendan Saloner, Rachel Landis, Bradley Stein, and Colleen Barry, “The Affordable Care Act in the

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Jessica Vistnes and Joel Cohen, “Gaining Coverage in 2014: New Estimates of Marketplace and

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Johanna Maclean and Brendan Saloner, The Effect of Public Insurance Expansions on Substance Use

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Craig Garthwaite, Tal Gross, Matthew Notowidigdo, and John Graves, “Insurance Expansion and

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Ramin Mojtabai, Christine Mauro, Melanie Wall, Colleen Barry, and Mark Olfson, “Medication

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Yunwei Gai and John Marthinsen, "Medicaid Expansion, HIV Testing, and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors

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Johanna Catherine Maclean, Michael F. Pesko, and Steven C. Hill, "Public Insurance Expansions and

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Dennis McCarty, Yifan Gu, John W. McIlveen, and Bonnie K. Lind, "Medicaid Expansion and

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327

Huabin Luo, Zhuo Chen, Lei Xu, and Ronny Bell, "Health Care Access and Receipt of Clinical

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Lindsay C. Kobayashi, Onur Altindag, Yulya Truskinovsky, and Lisa F. Berkman, "Effects of the

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329

A. Taylor Kelley, Renuka Tipirneni, and Helen Levy, "Changes in Veterans' Coverage and Access to

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330

Shiho Kino and Ichiro Kawachi, "Can Health Literacy Boost Health Services Utilization in the Context

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Hiroshi Gotanda, Gerald Kominski, and Yusuke Tsugawa, "Association Between the ACA Medicaid

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Evan M. Chen et al., "Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion with Dilated Eye

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Mark L. Diana et al., Louisiana Medicaid Expansion and Access to Care (Louisiana Department of

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Susan Dorr Goold et al., "Primary Care, Health Promotion, and Disease Prevention with Michigan

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Jesse M. Hinde et al., "Increasing Access to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Assessing State Policies

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Ann-Marie Rosland et al., "Diagnosis and Care of Chronic Health Conditions Among Medicaid

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337

Sri Lekha Tummalapalli, Samuel Leonard, Michelle M. Estrella, and Salomeh Keyhani, "The Effect of

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Chelsea L. Shover et al., "The Relationship of Medicaid Expansion to Psychiatric Comorbidity Care

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Ameen Barghi, Hugo Torres, Nancy Kressin, and Danny McCormick, “Coverage and Access for

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Hyunjung Lee and Frank Porell, “The Effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on

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Rebecca Myerson, Tianyi Lu, Ivy Tonnu-Mihara, and Elbert Huang, “Medicaid Eligibility Expansions

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Carrie Fry and Benjamin Sommers, “Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance Coverage and

Access to Care Among Adults With Depression,” Psychiatric Services 69, no. 11 (November 2018),

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Elham Mahmoudi, Alicia Cohen, Jason Buxbaum, Caroline Richardson, and Wassim Tarraf, “Gaining

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344

Ausmita Ghosh, Kosali Simon, and Benjamin Sommers, “The Effect of Health Insurance on

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of Health Economics 63 (January 2019): 64-80,

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345

Alana Sharp, Austin Jones, Jennifer Sherwood, Oksana Kutsa, Brian Honermann, and Gregorio

Millett, “Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Access to Opioid Analgesic Medications and Medication-

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346

Angelica Meinhofer and Allison Witman, “The Role Of Health Insurance On Treatment For Opioid Use

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347

Chad Cotti, Erik Nesson, and Nathan Tefft, “Impacts Of The ACA Medicaid Expansion On Health

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Richard Frank and Carrie Fry, “The Impact of Expanded Medicaid Eligibility on Access To Naloxone,”

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349

Michael Hendryx and Juhua Luo, “Increased Cancer Screening for Low-income Adults Under the

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion,” Medical Care 56, no. 11 (November 2018): 944-949,

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350

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion With Access to Rehabilitative Care in Adult

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Emanuel Eguia et al., “Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Cancer

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Jonathan Routh et al., “Early Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Delivery of

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Andrew Crocker et al., “The Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansion And Utilization Of Discretionary

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354

Brendan Saloner, Jonathan Levin, Hsien-Yen Chang, Christopher Jones, and G. Caleb Alexander,

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355

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Impact of Affordable Care Act Insurance Expansion on Pre-Hospital Access to

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356

Xuesong Han, Robin Yabroff, Elizabeth Ward, Otis Brawley, and Ahmedin Jemal, “Comparison of

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357

Manzilat Akande Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, and Jennifer Cooper, “Association of

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J.W. Awori Hayanga et al., “Lung Transplantation and Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion in the

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359

Susan Dorr Goold et al., “Primary Care Clinicians’ Views About the Impact of Medicaid Expansion in

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360

Michelle Moniz et al., “Association of Access to Family Planning Services With Medicaid Expansion

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361

Benjamin Cher, Nancy Morden, and Ellen Meara, “Medicaid Expansion and Prescription Trends:

Opioids, Addiction Therapies, and Other Drugs,” Medical Care 57, no. 3 (March 2019): 208-212,

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Robert Sandstrom, “Increased Utilization of Ambulatory Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy

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Matthew Present, Aviva Nathan, Sandra Ham, Robert Sargis, Michael Quinn, and Elbert Huang, “The

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365

Bryce Ward and Brandon Bridge, The Economic Impact of Medicaid Expansion in Montana: Updated

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Tong Gan et al., “Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Colorectal Cancer Screening, Incidence, and

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367

Vikki Wachino and Samantha Artiga, How Connecting Justice-Involved Individuals to Medicaid Can

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Steffani Bailey et al., “Tobacco Cessation in Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion States Versus

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Ramin Mojtabai, Christine Mauro, Melanie Wall, Colleen Barry, and Mark Olfson, “The Affordable Care

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Andrew Crocker et al., “Expansion Coverage And Preferential Utilization Of Cancer Surgery Among

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Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Four Years Later: Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Continue

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Jose Mesquita-Neto, Peter Cmorej, Hassan Mouzaihem, Donald Weaver, Steve Kim, and Francis

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Nicolas Ajkay et al, “Early Impact of Medicaid Expansion and Quality of Breast Cancer Care in

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375

Sunha Choi, Sungkyu Lee, and Jason Matejkowski, “The Effects of State Medicaid Expansion on Low-

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Aparna Soni, Kosali Simon, John Cawley, and Lindsay Sabik, “Effect of Medicaid Expansions of 2014

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Tyler Winkelman and Virginia Chang, “Medicaid Expansion, Mental Health, and Access to Care

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Andrew Loehrer et al., “Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion with Access to and

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379

Susan Hayes, Pamela Riley, David Radley, and Douglas McCarthy, Reducing Racial and Ethnic

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380

Samantha Artiga, Barbara DiPietro, and Petry Ubri, The Role of Medicaid and the Impact of the

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381

Dahai Yue, Petra Rasmussen, and Ninez Ponce, “Racial/Ethnic Differential Effects of Medicaid

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Michael Dworsky, Carrie Farmer, and Mimi Shen, Veterans’ Health Insurance Coverage Under the

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Kevin Griffith, Leigh Evans, and Jacob Bor, “The Affordable Care Act Reduced Socioeconomic

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Benjamin Sommers, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Three-

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387

Nirosha Mahendraratnam, Stacie Dusetzina, and Joel Farley, “Prescription Drug Utilization and

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Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Health and Access to Care During the First 2 Years of the ACA

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James Kirby and Jessica Vistnes, “Access to Care Improved for People Who Gained Medicaid or

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390

Khadijah Breathett et al., “The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion Correlated with Increased

Heart Transplant Listings in African Americans but Not Hispanics or Caucasians,” JACC: Heart Failure 5

no. 2 (January 2017): 136-147, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28109783

391

United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), Medicaid Expansion: Behavioral Health

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392

Lisa Clemans-Cope, Marni Epstein, Victoria Lynch, and Emma Winiski, Rapid Growth in Medicaid

Spending and Prescriptions to Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Overdose from 2010 to 2017

(Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, March 2019),

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393

Hefei Wen, Jason Hockenberry, Tyrone Borders, and Benjamin Druss, “Impact of Medicaid Expansion

on Medicaid-covered Utilization of Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment,” Medical Care 55

no. 4 (April 2017): 336-341, http://journals.lww.com/lww-

medicalcare/Fulltext/2017/04000/Impact_of_Medicaid_Expansion_on_Medicaid_covered.5.aspx

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Megan Cole, Omar Galarraga, Ira Wilson, Brad Wright, and Amal Trivedi, “At Federally Funded Health

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Eili Klein et al., “The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Utilization in Maryland Emergency

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Aabha Sharma, Scott Dresden, Emilie Powell, Raymond Kang, Joe Feinglass, “Emergency

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397

Daniel Gingold, Rachelle Pierre-Mathieu, Brandon Cole, Andrew Miller, and Joneigh Khaldun, “Impact

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398

Gary Pickens et al., “Changes in Hospital Inpatient Utilization Following Health Care Reform,” Health

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399

Jeremy Holzmacher et al., “Association of Expanded Medicaid Coverage with Hospital Length of Stay

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400

Mary Anderson, Jeffrey Glasheen, and Debra Anoff, “Impact of State Medicaid Expansion Status on

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401

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Changes in Utilization and

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402

Megan Hoopes, Heather Angier, Rachel Gold, Steffani Bailey, Nathalie Huguet, Miguel Marino, and

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404

Astha Singhal, Peter Damiano, and Lindsay Sabik, “Medicaid Adult Dental Benefits Increase Use Of

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405

Angela Fertig, Caroline Carlin, Scote Ode, and Sharon Long, “Evidence of Pent-Up Demand for Care

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406

Anne DiGiulio et al., “State Medicaid Expansion Tobacco Cessation Coverage and Number of Adult

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407

Ausmita Ghosh, Kosali Simon, and Benjamin Sommers, The Effect of State Medicaid Expansions on

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Joseph Benitez, Liza Creel, and J’Aime Jennings, “Kentucky’s Medicaid Expansion Showing Early

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Adele Shartzer, Sharon Long, and Nathaniel Anderson, “Access To Care and Affordability have

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410

Kamyar Nasseh and Marko Vujicic, Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion on

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Jeffrey Horn et al., “New Medicaid Enrollees See Health and Social Benefits in Pennsylvania’s

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413

Benjamin Sommers, Munira Gunja, Kenneth Finegold, and Thomas Musco, “Changes in Self-Reported

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Government Accountability Office, Behavioral Health: Options for Low-Income Adults to Receive

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416

Barbara DiPietro, Samantha Artiga, and Alexandra Gates, Early Impacts of the Medicaid Expansion for

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417

Josh Gray, Anna Zink, and Tony Dreyfus, Effects of the Affordable Care Act Through 2015,

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Laura Wherry and Sarah Miller, “Early Coverage, Access, Utilization, and Health Effects Associated

with the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions: A Quasi-experimental Study,” Annals of Internal

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419

Josh Gray, Iyue Sung, and Stewart Richardson, Observations on the Affordable Care Act: 2014

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421

John Cawley, Aparna Soni, and Kosali Simon, “Third Year of Survey Data Shows Continuing Benefits

of Medicaid Expansions for Low-Income Childless Adults in the U.S.,” Journal of General Internal

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422

Kosali Simon, Aparna Soni, and John Cawley, “The Impact of Health Insurance on Preventive Care

and Health Behaviors: Evidence from the First Two Years of the ACA Medicaid Expansions” Journal of

Policy Analysis and Management 36, no. 2 (March 2017),

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423

Harvey Kaufman, Zhen Chen, Vivian Fonseca, and Michael McPhaul, “Surge in Newly Identified

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424

De-Chih Lee, Leiyu Shi, and Hailun Liang, “Primary Care Utilization And Clinical Quality Performance:

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425

Aparna Soni, Kosali Simon, John Cawley, and Lindsay Sabik, “Effect of Medicaid Expansions of 2014

on Overall and Early-Stage Cancer Diagnoses,” American Journal of Public Health epub ahead of print

(December 2017), http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304166

426

Helmneh M. Sineshaw et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With

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427

Nicolas Ajkay et al, “Early Impact of Medicaid Expansion and Quality of Breast Cancer Care in

Kentucky,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons, epub ahead of print, February 2018,

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428

Xuesong Han, Robin Yabroff, Elizabeth Ward, Otis Brawley, and Ahmedin Jemal, “Comparison of

Insurance Status and Diagnosis Stage Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Cancer Before vs After

Implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,” JAMA Oncology 4, no. 12 (August

2018): 1713-1720, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2697226

429

Jose Mesquita-Neto, Peter Cmorej, Hassan Mouzaihem, Donald Weaver, Steve Kim, and Francis

Macedo, “Disparities In Access To Cancer Surgery After Medicaid Expansion,” The American Journal of

Surgery epub ahead of print (June 2019),

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430

Tong Gan et al., “Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Colorectal Cancer Screening, Incidence, and

Survival in Kentucky,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 228, no. 4 (April 2019): 342-353.e1,

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431

Andrew Loehrer et al., “Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion with Access to and

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432

Andrew Crocker et al., “Expansion Coverage And Preferential Utilization Of Cancer Surgery Among

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433

Emanuel Eguia et al., “Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Cancer

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434

Louisiana Department of Health, Medicaid Expansion 2016/17 (Baton Rouge, Louisiana Department of

Health, June 2017),

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435

Ahmedin Jemal, Chun Chieh Lin, Amy Davidoff, and Xuesong Han, “Changes in Insurance Coverage

and Stage at Diagnosis Among Nonelderly Patients with Cancer after the Affordable Care Act,” Journal of

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436

Andrew Crocker et al., “The Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansion And Utilization Of Discretionary

Vs. Non-Discretionary Inpatient Surgery,” Surgery 164, no. 6 (December 2018): 1156-1161,

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437

Khadijah Breathett et al., “The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion Correlated with Increased

Heart Transplant Listings in African Americans but Not Hispanics or Caucasians,” JACC: Heart Failure 5

no. 2 (January 2017): 136-147, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28109783

438

J.W. Awori Hayanga et al., “Lung Transplantation and Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion in the

Era of Lung Allocation Score” Transplant International epub ahead of print (February 2019),

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439

Johanna Catherine Maclean, Michael F. Pesko, and Steven C. Hill, "Public Insurance Expansions and

Smoking Cessation Medications," Economic Inquiry 57, no. 4 (October 2019): 1798-1820,

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440

Deborah Yip et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion and Health Insurance with Receipt of Smoking

Cessation Services and Smoking Behaviors in Substance Use Disorder Treatment," The Journal of

Behavioral Health Services & Research (July 2019), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-019-09669-1

441

Chad Cotti, Erik Nesson, and Nathan Tefft, “Impacts Of The ACA Medicaid Expansion On Health

Behaviors: Evidence From Household Panel Data,” Health Economics 28, no. 2 (February 2019): 219-

244, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hec.3838

442

Anne DiGiulio et al., “State Medicaid Expansion Tobacco Cessation Coverage and Number of Adult

Smokers Enrolled in Expansion Coverage – United States, 2016,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

65, no. 48 (December 2016), https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6548a2.htm

443

Steffani Bailey et al., “Tobacco Cessation in Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion States Versus

Non-expansion States,” Nicotine & Tobacco Research epub ahead of print (May 2019),

https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntz087/5498071

444

Kosali Simon, Aparna Soni, and John Cawley, “The Impact of Health Insurance on Preventive Care

and Health Behaviors: Evidence from the First Two Years of the ACA Medicaid Expansions” Journal of

Policy Analysis and Management 36, no. 2 (March 2017),

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pam.21972

445

Dennis McCarty, Yifan Gu, John W. McIlveen, and Bonnie K. Lind, "Medicaid Expansion and

Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders in Oregon: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis," Addiction Science

& Clinical Practice 14 (August 2019), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-019-0160-6

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446

Jesse M. Hinde et al., "Increasing Access to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Assessing State Policies

and the Evidence Behind Them," Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 80, no. 6 (November 2019):

693-697, https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2019.80.693

447

Chelsea L. Shover et al., "The Relationship of Medicaid Expansion to Psychiatric Comorbidity Care

within Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs," Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 105

(October 2019): 44-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.07.012

448

Alana Sharp, Austin Jones, Jennifer Sherwood, Oksana Kutsa, Brian Honermann, and Gregorio

Millett, “Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Access to Opioid Analgesic Medications and Medication-

Assisted Treatment,” American Journal of Public Health 108, no. 5 (May 2018): 642-648,

https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304338?journalCode=ajph

449

Angelica Meinhofer and Allison Witman, “The Role Of Health Insurance On Treatment For Opioid Use

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450

Benjamin Cher, Nancy Morden, and Ellen Meara, “Medicaid Expansion and Prescription Trends:

Opioids, Addiction Therapies, and Other Drugs,” Medical Care 57, no. 3 (March 2019): 208-212,

https://journals.lww.com/lww-

medicalcare/fulltext/2019/03000/Medicaid_Expansion_and_Prescription_Trends_.6.aspx

451

Brendan Saloner, Jonathan Levin, Hsien-Yen Chang, Christopher Jones, and G. Caleb Alexander,

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Act Medicaid Expansion,” JAMA Network Open 1, no. 4 (August 2018),

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452

Richard Frank and Carrie Fry, “The Impact of Expanded Medicaid Eligibility on Access To Naloxone,”

Addiction epub ahead of print (April 2019), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.14634

453

Ramin Mojtabai, Christine Mauro, Melanie Wall, Colleen Barry, and Mark Olfson, “The Affordable Care

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454

Louisiana Department of Health, Medicaid Expansion 2016/17 (Baton Rouge, Louisiana Department of

Health, June 2017),

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455

Carrie Fry and Benjamin Sommers, “Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance Coverage and

Access to Care Among Adults With Depression,” Psychiatric Services 69, no. 11 (November 2018),

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456

The Ohio Department of Medicaid, 2018 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment: A Follow

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Up to the

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457

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458

Pennsylvania Department of Human Services, Medicaid Expansion Report, (Pennsylvania Department

of Human Services, January 2017),

http://www.dhs.pa.gov/cs/groups/webcontent/documents/document/c_257436.pdf

459

Brendan Saloner, Rachel Landis, Bradley Stein, and Colleen Barry, “The Affordable Care Act in the

Heart of the Opioid Crisis: Evidence from West Virginia,” Health Affairs 38, no. 4 (April 2019),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05049

460

Ramin Mojtabai, Christine Mauro, Melanie Wall, Colleen Barry, and Mark Olfson, “Medication

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461

United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), Medicaid Expansion: Behavioral Health

Treatment Use in Selected States in 2014 (Washington, DC: GAO Report to Congressional Requesters,

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462

Lisa Clemans-Cope, Marni Epstein, Victoria Lynch, and Emma Winiski, Rapid Growth in Medicaid

Spending and Prescriptions to Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Overdose from 2010 to 2017

(Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, March 2019),

https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/99798/rapid_growth_in_medicaid_spending_and_pre

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463

Lisa Clemans-Cope, Victoria Lynch, Marni Epstein, and Genevieve Kenney, Medicaid Coverage of

Effective Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder, (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, June 2017),

https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/90461/2001287_medicaid_coverage_of_effective_tre

atment_for_opioid_use_disorder.pdf

464

Hefei Wen, Jason Hockenberry, Tyrone Borders, and Benjamin Druss, “Impact of Medicaid Expansion

on Medicaid-covered Utilization of Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment,” Medical Care 55

no. 4 (April 2017): 336-341, http://journals.lww.com/lww-

medicalcare/Fulltext/2017/04000/Impact_of_Medicaid_Expansion_on_Medicaid_covered.5.aspx

465

Brendan Saloner, Sachini Bandara, Emma McGinty, and Colleen Barry, “Justice-Involved Adults With

Substance Use Disorders: Coverage Increased but Rates of Treatment Did Not in 2014,” Health Affairs

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466

Government Accountability Office, Behavioral Health: Options for Low-Income Adults to Receive

Treatment in Selected States (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, June 2015),

http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/670894.pdf

467

Barbara DiPietro, Samantha Artiga, and Alexandra Gates, Early Impacts of the Medicaid Expansion for

the Homeless Population (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured,

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homeless-population/

468

Deloitte Development LLC, Commonwealth of Kentucky Medicaid Expansion Report, (Deloitte

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files/Kentucky_Medicaid_Expansion_One-Year_Study_FINAL.pdf

469

Samantha Artiga, Barbara DiPietro, and Petry Ubri, The Role of Medicaid and the Impact of the

Medicaid Expansion for Veterans Experiencing Homelessness, (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family

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the-medicaid-expansion-for-veterans-experiencing-homelessness/

470

Johanna Maclean and Brendan Saloner, “The Effect of Public Insurance Expansions on Substance

Use Disorder Treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act,” Journal of Policy Analysis and

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471

Lisa Clemans-Cope, Victoria Lynch, Emma Winiski, and Marni Epstein, State Variation in Medicaid

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disorder-2011-2018

472

Alana Sharp, Austin Jones, Jennifer Sherwood, Oksana Kutsa, Brian Honermann, and Gregorio

Millett, “Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Access to Opioid Analgesic Medications and Medication-

Assisted Treatment,” American Journal of Public Health 108, no. 5 (May 2018): 642-648,

https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304338?journalCode=ajph

473

Benjamin Cher, Nancy Morden, and Ellen Meara, “Medicaid Expansion and Prescription Trends:

Opioids, Addiction Therapies, and Other Drugs,” Medical Care 57, no. 3 (March 2019): 208-212,

https://journals.lww.com/lww-

medicalcare/fulltext/2019/03000/Medicaid_Expansion_and_Prescription_Trends_.6.aspx

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

474

Brendan Saloner, Jonathan Levin, Hsien-Yen Chang, Christopher Jones, and G. Caleb Alexander,

“Changes in Buprenorphine-Naloxone and Opioid Pain Reliever Prescriptions After the Affordable Care

Act Medicaid Expansion,” JAMA Network Open 1, no. 4 (August 2018),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2696873

475

Lisa Clemans-Cope, Marni Epstein, Victoria Lynch, and Emma Winiski, Rapid Growth in Medicaid

Spending and Prescriptions to Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Overdose from 2010 to 2017

(Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, March 2019),

https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/99798/rapid_growth_in_medicaid_spending_and_pre

scriptions_to_treat_opioid_use_disorder_and_opioid_overdose_from_2010_to_2017_2.pdf

476

Lisa Clemans-Cope, Victoria Lynch, Marni Epstein, and Genevieve Kenney, Medicaid Coverage of

Effective Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder, (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, June 2017),

https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/90461/2001287_medicaid_coverage_of_effective_tre

atment_for_opioid_use_disorder.pdf

477

Angelica Meinhofer and Allison Witman, “The Role Of Health Insurance On Treatment For Opioid Use

Disorders: Evidence From The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion,” Journal of Health Economics 60

(June 2018): 177-197, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629617311530

478

Johanna Maclean and Brendan Saloner, “The Effect of Public Insurance Expansions on Substance

Use Disorder Treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act,” Journal of Policy Analysis and

Management 38, no. 2 (2019): 366-393, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30882195

479

Hefei Wen, Jason Hockenberry, Tyrone Borders, and Benjamin Druss, “Impact of Medicaid Expansion

on Medicaid-covered Utilization of Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment,” Medical Care 55

no. 4 (April 2017): 336-341, http://journals.lww.com/lww-

medicalcare/Fulltext/2017/04000/Impact_of_Medicaid_Expansion_on_Medicaid_covered.5.aspx

480

Brendan Saloner, Rachel Landis, Bradley Stein, and Colleen Barry, “The Affordable Care Act in the

Heart of the Opioid Crisis: Evidence from West Virginia,” Health Affairs 38, no. 4 (April 2019),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05049

481

Emanuel Eguia et al., “Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Cancer

Admissions and Surgeries,” Annals of Surgery 268, no. 4 (October 2018): 584-590,

https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/2018/10000/Impact_of_the_Affordable_Care_Act__AC

A__Medicaid.6.aspx

482

A. Taylor Kelley, Renuka Tipirneni, and Helen Levy, "Changes in Veterans' Coverage and Access to

Care Following the Affordable Care Act, 2011-2017," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9

(September 2019): 1233-1235, https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305160

483

Kevin Griffith, Leigh Evans, and Jacob Bor, “The Affordable Care Act Reduced Socioeconomic

Disparities in Health Care Access,” Health Affairs 36 no. 8 (August 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0083

484

Kelsie M. Gould et al., "Bariatric Surgery Among Vulnerable Populations: The Effect of the Affordable

Care Act's Medicaid Expansion," Surgery 166, no. 5 (November 2019): 820-828,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2019.05.005

485

Shiho Kino and Ichiro Kawachi, “The Impact Of ACA Medicaid Expansion On Socioeconomic

Inequality In Health Care Services Utilization,” PLoS ONE 13, no. 2 (December 2018),

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0209935

486

Manzilat Akande, Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, Deena Chisolm, and Jennifer Cooper,

“Effects Of Medicaid Expansion On Disparities In Trauma Care And Outcomes In Young Adults,” Journal

of Surgical Research 228 (August 2018): 42-53,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022480418301562

487

Susan Hayes, Pamela Riley, David Radley, and Douglas McCarthy, Reducing Racial and Ethnic

Disparities in Access to Care: Has the Affordable Care Act Made a Difference? (The Commonwealth

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Fund, August 2017), http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/aug/racial-ethnic-

disparities-care

488

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Impact of Affordable Care Act Insurance Expansion on Pre-Hospital Access to

Care: Changes in Adult Perforated Appendix Admission Rates after Medicaid Expansion and the

Dependent Coverage Provision,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 228, no. 1 (January 2019):

29-43, https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(18)32078-7/fulltext

489

Hiroshi Gotanda, Gerald Kominski, and Yusuke Tsugawa, "Association Between the ACA Medicaid

Expansions and Primary Care and Emergency Department Use During the First 3 Years," Journal of

General Internal Medicine Epub ahead of print (December 2019), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-

05458-w

490

Alexander T. Janke, Shooshan Danagoulian, Arjun K. Venkatesh, and Phillip D. Levy, "Medicaid

Expansion and Resource Utilization in the Emergency Department," The American Journal of Emergency

Medicine Epub ahead of print (January 2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.12.050

491

Hawazin W. Elani, Ichiro Kawachi, and Benjamin D. Sommers, "Changes in Emergency Department

Dental Visits after Medicaid Expansion," Health Services Research Epub ahead of print (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13261

492

Craig Garthwaite et al., All Medicaid Expansions Are Not Created Equal: The Geography and

Targeting of the Affordable Care Act (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26289,

September 2019), http://www.nber.org/papers/w26289

493

Eili Klein et al., “The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Utilization in Maryland Emergency

Departments,” Annals of Emergency Medicine epub ahead of print (June 2017),

http://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(17)30784-9/pdf

494

Heather Holderness et al., "Where Do Oregon Medicaid Enrollees Seek Outpatient Care Post-

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion?," Medical Care 57, no. 10 (October 2019): 788-794,

https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000001189

495

Aabha Sharma, Scott Dresden, Emilie Powell, Raymond Kang, Joe Feinglass, “Emergency

Department Visits and Hospitalizations for the Uninsured in Illinois Before and After Affordable Care Act

Insurance Expansion,” Journal of Community Health 42 no. 3 (June 2017): 591-597,

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10900-016-0293-4

496

Rahul Ladhania, Amelia Haviland, Arvind Venkat, Rahul Telang, and Jesse Pines, “The Effect of

Medicaid Expansion on the Nature of New Enrollees’ Emergency Department Use,” Medical Care

Research and Review epub ahead of print (May 2019),

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077558719848270

497

Gary Pickens et al., “Changes In Hospital Service Demand, Cost, And Patient Illness Severity

Following Health Reform,” Health Services Research (May 2019), https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-

6773.13165

498

Mark Duggan, Atul Gupta, and Emilie Jackson, The Impact of the Affordable Care Act: Evidence from

California's Hospital Sector (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no. 25488, January

2019), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25488.pdf

499

Jesse M. Pines, Mark Zocchi, Ali Moghtaderi, Bernard Black, Steven A. Farmer, Greg Hufstetler, Kevin

Klauer and Randy Pilgrim, “Medicaid Expansion In 2014 Did Not Increase Emergency Department Use

But Did Change Insurance Payer Mix,” Health Affairs 35, no. 8 (August 2016),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/8/1480.full

500

Benjamin Sommers, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Three-

Year Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Improved Medical Care and Health Among Low-Income Adults,”

Health Affairs epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/05/15/hlthaff.2017.0293

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

501

Stacey McMorrow, Jason Gates, Sharon Long, and Genevieve Kenney, “Medicaid Expansion

Increased Coverage, Improved Affordability, and Reduced Psychological Distress for Low-Income

Parents,” Health Affairs 36 no. 5 (May 2017): 808-818,

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1650

502

Manatt Health, Medicaid Expansion: How It Affects Montana’s State Budget, Economy, and Residents

(Manatt Health, prepared for the Montana Healthcare Foundation, June 2018), https://mthcf.org/wp-

content/uploads/2018/06/Manatt-MedEx_FINAL_6.1.18.pdf

503

Shannon McConville, Maria Raven, Sarah Sabbagh, and Renee Hsia, “Frequent Emergency

Department Users: A Statewide Comparison Before And After Affordable Care Act Implementation,”

Health Affairs 37, no. 6 (June 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0784

504

Daniel Gingold, Rachelle Pierre-Mathieu, Brandon Cole, Andrew Miller, and Joneigh Khaldun, “Impact

of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Emergency Department High Utilizers with Ambulatory

Care Sensitive Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study,” The American Journal of Emergency Medicine

(January 2017), http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675717300141

505

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, Arnold Epstein, “Changes in Utilization and Health

Among Low-Income Adults After Medicaid Expansion or Expanded Private Insurance,” The Journal of the

American Medical Association 176 no. 10 (October 2016): 1501-1509,

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2542420

506

Paul Jacobs, Genevieve Kenney, and Thomas Selden, “Newly Eligible Enrollees In Medicaid Spend

Less And Use Less Care Than Those Previously Eligible,” Health Affairs 36, no. 9 (September 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0252

507

Elizabeth A. Brown et al., "The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansion on Access to Care and

Hospitalization Charges for Lupus Patients," Arthritis Care & Research Epub ahead of print (September

2019), https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.24080

508

Charles A. Daly et al., "The Effects of Medicaid Expansion on Triage and Regional Transfer After

Upper-Extremity Trauma," The Journal of Hand Surgery 44, no. 9 (September 2019): 720-727,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.05.020

509

Craig Garthwaite et al., All Medicaid Expansions Are Not Created Equal: The Geography and

Targeting of the Affordable Care Act (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26289,

September 2019), http://www.nber.org/papers/w26289

510

Natalia Chalmers, Jane Grover, and Rob Compton, “After Medicaid Expansion in Kentucky, Use of

Hospital Emergency Departments for Dental Conditions Increased,” Health Affairs 35, no. 12 (December

2016), http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/12/2268.full#xref-ref-32-1

511

Benjamin Sommers, Carrie Fry, Robert Blendon, and Arnold Epstein, “New Approaches in Medicaid:

Work Requirements, Health Savings Accounts, and Health Care Access,” Health Affairs 37, no. 7 (June

2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0331

512

MaryBeth Musumeci, Robin Rudowitz, Petry Ubri, and Elizabeth Hinton, An Early Look at Medicaid

Expansion Waiver Implementation in Michigan and Indiana (Washington, DC: The Kaiser Family

Foundation, January 2017), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/an-early-look-at-medicaid-expansion-

waiver-implementation-in-michigan-and-indiana/

513

Natoshia Askelson, Brad Wright, Suzanne Bentler, Elizabeth Momany, and Peter Damiano, “Iowa’s

Medicaid Expansion Promoted Healthy Behaviors But Was Challenging to Implement and Attracted Few

Participants,” Health Affairs 36 no. 5, (May 2017): 799-807,

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/5/799.full

514

The Lewin Group, Indiana Healthy Indiana Plan 2.0: Interim Evaluation Report (The Lewin Group,

Prepared for Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, July 2016),

https://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-

Topics/Waivers/1115/downloads/in/Healthy-Indiana-Plan-2/in-healthy-indiana-plan-support-20-interim-evl-

rpt-07062016.pdf

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

515

The Lewin Group, Healthy Indiana Plan 2.0: POWER Account Contribution Assessment, (The Lewin

Group, prepared for the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, March 2017),

https://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-

Topics/Waivers/1115/downloads/in/Healthy-Indiana-Plan-2/in-healthy-indiana-plan-support-20-POWER-

acct-cont-assesmnt-03312017.pdf

516

Brad Wright et al., “Completion of Requirements in Iowa's Medicaid Expansion Premium Disincentive

Program, 2014–2015,” American Journal of Public Health 108, no. 2 (February 2018): 219-223,

http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304178

517

Emily Zylla, Colin Planalp, Elizabeth Lukanen, and Lynn Blewett, Section 1115 Medicaid Expansion

Waivers: Implementation Experiences, (Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission, February

2018), https://www.macpac.gov/publication/section-1115-medicaid-expansion-waivers-implementation-

experiences/

518

Shiho Kino and Ichiro Kawachi, "Can Health Literacy Boost Health Services Utilization in the Context

of Expanded Access to Health Insurance?," Health Education & Behavior Epub ahead of print (October

2019), https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119875998

519

Helmneh M. Sineshaw et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With

Stage at Diagnosis and Time to Treatment Initiation for Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell

Carcinoma," JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Epub ahead of print (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2019.4310

520

Emanuel Eguia et al., "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Vascular

Surgery," Annals of Vascular Surgery Epub ahead of print (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2020.01.006

521

Jesse C. Baumgartner, Sara R. Collins, David C. Radley, and Susan L. Hayes, How the Affordable

Care Act Has Narrowed Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Health Care (The Commonwealth

Fund, January 2020), https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/2020/jan/how-ACA-narrowed-

racial-ethnic-disparities-access

522

Dennis McCarty, Yifan Gu, John W. McIlveen, and Bonnie K. Lind, "Medicaid Expansion and

Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders in Oregon: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis," Addiction Science

& Clinical Practice 14 (August 2019), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-019-0160-6

523

Anna L. Goldman and Benjamin D. Sommers, "Among Low-Income Adults Enrolled In Medicaid,

Churning Decreased After The Affordable Care Act," Health Affairs 39, no. 1 (January 2020): 85-93,

https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00378

524

Emanuel Eguia et al., "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Access to

Minimally Invasive Surgical Care," The American Journal of Surgery Epub ahead of print (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.07.003

525

Afshin Ehsan et al., "Utilization of Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Vulnerable Adults Across Medicaid

Expansion," Journal of Surgical Research 243 (November 2019): 503-508,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.05.015

526

Kevin N. Griffith, "Changes in Insurance Coverage and Access to Care for Young Adults in 2017,"

Journal of Adolescent Health Epub ahead of print (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.020

527

Jin Huang and Shirley L. Porterfield, "Changes in Health Insurance Coverage and Health Care Access

as Teens with Disabilities Transition to Adulthood," Disability and Health Journal 12, no. 4 (October

2019): 551-556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.06.009

528

Kelsie M. Gould et al., "Bariatric Surgery Among Vulnerable Populations: The Effect of the Affordable

Care Act's Medicaid Expansion," Surgery 166, no. 5 (November 2019): 820-828,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2019.05.005

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

529

Michael McCue, “The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Medicaid Focused Insurers in California,”

Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 52 (July 2015),

http://inq.sagepub.com/content/52/0046958015595960.full.pdf+html

530

Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen G. Levy, and Robert G. Valletta, Medicaid Expansion and the

Unemployed (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26553, December 2019),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w26553

531

Jacqueline Fiore, The Impact of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion on Medicaid Spending

by Health Care Service Category (Tulane University, July 2017),

http://econ.tulane.edu/RePEc/pdf/tul1706.pdf

532

Emily Johnston, Andrea Strahan, Peter Joski, Anne Dunlop, and E. Kathleen Adams, “Impacts of the

Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion on Women of Reproductive Age,” Women’s Health Issues, 28,

no. 2 (February 2018), http://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(17)30242-6/pdf

533

Claire E. Margerison et al., "Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Among Women of Reproductive

Age," American Journal of Preventive Medicine Epub ahead of print (November 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.019

534

Elham Mahmoudi, Alicia Cohen, Jason Buxbaum, Caroline Richardson, and Wassim Tarraf, “Gaining

Medicaid Coverage During ACA Implementation: Effects on Access to Care and Preventive Services,”

Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 29, no. 4 (November 2018): 1472-1487,

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/708253

535

Stacey McMorrow, Jason Gates, Sharon Long, and Genevieve Kenney, “Medicaid Expansion

Increased Coverage, Improved Affordability, and Reduced Psychological Distress for Low-Income

Parents,” Health Affairs 36 no. 5 (May 2017): 808-818,

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1650

536

Haley Moss, Laura Havrilesky, and Junzo Chino, “Insurance Coverage Among Women Diagnosed

with a Gynecologic Malignancy Before and After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act,” Gynecologic

Oncology 146, no. 3 (September 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28641821

537

Susannah Gibbs et al., "Evaluating the Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Access to Preventive

Reproductive Care for Women in Oregon," Preventive Medicine Epub ahead of print (November 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105899

538

Nadia Laniado, Avery R. Brow, Eric Tranby, and Victor M. Badner, "Trends in Non-Traumatic Dental

Emergency Department Use in New York and New Jersey: A Look at Medicaid Expansion from Both

Sides of the Hudson River," Journal of Public Health Dentistry Epub ahead of print (October 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12343

539

Thomas Selden, Brandy Lipton, and Sandra Decker, “Medicaid Expansion and Marketplace Eligibility

Both Increased Coverage, With Trade-Offs in Access, Affordability,” Health Affairs 36 no. 12 (December

2017), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0830

540

Dahai Yue, Petra Rasmussen, and Ninez Ponce, “Racial/Ethnic Differential Effects of Medicaid

Expansion on Health Care Access,” Health Services Research (February 2018),

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.12834/abstract

541

Mark Clapp et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Coverage and Access to Care for

Pregnant Women," Obstetrics & Gynecology 134, no. 5 (November 2019): 1066-1074,

https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000003501

542

Charles A. Daly et al., "The Effects of Medicaid Expansion on Triage and Regional Transfer After

Upper-Extremity Trauma," The Journal of Hand Surgery 44, no. 9 (September 2019): 720-727,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.05.020

543

Yunwei Gai and John Marthinsen, "Medicaid Expansion, HIV Testing, and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors

in the United States, 2010-2017," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 10 (October 2019): 1404-

1412, https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305220

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

544

Huabin Luo, Zhuo Chen, Lei Xu, and Ronny Bell, "Health Care Access and Receipt of Clinical

Diabetes Preventive Care for Working-Age Adults With Diabetes in States With and Without Medicaid

Expansion: Results from the 2013 and 2015 BRFSS," Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

25, no. 4 (July/August 2019): 34-43, https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000832

545

A. Taylor Kelley, Renuka Tipirneni, and Helen Levy, "Changes in Veterans' Coverage and Access to

Care Following the Affordable Care Act, 2011-2017," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9

(September 2019): 1233-1235, https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305160

546

J. Travis Donahoe et al., "The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion and Smoking Cessation

Among Low-Income Smokers," American Journal of Preventive Medicine 57, no. 6 (December 2019):

203-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.004

547

Hiroshi Gotanda, Gerald Kominski, and Yusuke Tsugawa, "Association Between the ACA Medicaid

Expansions and Primary Care and Emergency Department Use During the First 3 Years," Journal of

General Internal Medicine Epub ahead of print (December 2019), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-

05458-w

548

Evan M. Chen et al., "Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion with Dilated Eye

Examinations among the United States Population with Diabetes," Ophthalmology Epub ahead of print

(September 2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.010

549

Mark L. Diana et al., Louisiana Medicaid Expansion and Access to Care (Louisiana Department of

Health, Prepared by Tulane University, July 2019),

http://ldh.la.gov/assets/media/AccesstoCareReport20132018final.pdf

550

Ann-Marie Rosland et al., "Diagnosis and Care of Chronic Health Conditions Among Medicaid

Expansion Enrollees: a Mixed-Methods Observational Study," Journal of General Internal Medicine 34,

no. 11 (November 2019): 2549-2558, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05323-w

551

Chelsea L. Shover et al., "The Relationship of Medicaid Expansion to Psychiatric Comorbidity Care

within Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs," Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 105

(October 2019): 44-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.07.012

552

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Health and Access to Care During the First 2 Years of the ACA

Medicaid Expansions,” The New England Journal of Medicine 376 no. 10 (March 2017),

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1612890

553

Laura Wherry and Sarah Miller, “Early Coverage, Access, Utilization, and Health Effects Associated

with the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions: A Quasi-experimental Study,” Annals of Internal

Medicine, Epub ahead of print (April 2016), http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2513980

554

Adele Shartzer, Sharon Long, and Nathaniel Anderson, “Access To Care and Affordability have

Improved Following Affordable Care Act Implementation; Problems Remain,” Health Affairs (December

2015), http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2015/12/14/hlthaff.2015.0755.full

555

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, and E. John Orav, “Both the ‘Private Option’ And Traditional

Medicaid Expansions Improved Access To Care For Low-Income Adults,” Health Affairs 35, no. 1

(January 2016): 96-105, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/96.abstract

556

Mark Olfson, Melanie Wall, Colleen Barry, Christine Mauro, and Ramin Mojtabai, “Impact Of Medicaid

Expansion On Coverage And Treatment Of Low-Income Adults With Substance Use Disorders,” Health

Affairs 37, no. 8 (August 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0124

557

Abeer Alharbi, M. Mahmud Khan, Ronnie Horner, Heather Brandt, and Cole Chapman, “Impact Of

Medicaid Coverage Expansion Under The Affordable Care Act On Mammography And Pap Tests

Utilization Among Low-Income Women,” PLOS One (April 2019),

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0214886

558

Jevay Grooms and Alberto Ortega, “Examining Medicaid Expansion and the Treatment of Substance

Use Disorders,” American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 2019): 187-192,

https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pandp.20191090

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

559

Nathalie Huguet et al., “Cervical And Colorectal Cancer Screening Prevalence Before And After

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion,” Preventative Medicine (May 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.05.003

560

John Cawley, Aparna Soni, and Kosali Simon, “Third Year of Survey Data Shows Continuing Benefits

of Medicaid Expansions for Low-Income Childless Adults in the U.S.,” Journal of General Internal

Medicine 33, no. 9 (September 2018): 1495-1497, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11606-

018-4537-0

561

Kosali Simon, Aparna Soni, and John Cawley, “The Impact of Health Insurance on Preventive Care

and Health Behaviors: Evidence from the First Two Years of the ACA Medicaid Expansions” Journal of

Policy Analysis and Management 36, no. 2 (March 2017),

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pam.21972

562

Yasmin Zerhouni et al., “Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates,”

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 62, no. 1 (January 2019): 97-103,

https://journals.lww.com/dcrjournal/Abstract/2019/01000/Effect_of_Medicaid_Expansion_on_Colorectal_

Cancer.16.aspx

563

Carrie Fry and Benjamin Sommers, “Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance Coverage and

Access to Care Among Adults With Depression,” Psychiatric Services 69, no. 11 (November 2018),

https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ps.201800181

564

Xuesong Han, Robin Yabroff, Elizabeth Ward, Otis Brawley, and Ahmedin Jemal, “Comparison of

Insurance Status and Diagnosis Stage Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Cancer Before vs After

Implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,” JAMA Oncology 4, no. 12 (August

2018): 1713-1720, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2697226

565

Michael Hendryx and Juhua Luo, “Increased Cancer Screening for Low-income Adults Under the

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion,” Medical Care 56, no. 11 (November 2018): 944-949,

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wk/mcar/2018/00000056/00000011/art00009

566

Brandy Lipton, Sandra Decker, and Benjamin Sommers, “The Affordable Care Act Appears to Have

Narrowed Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Among Young Adults”

Medical Care Research and Review 76, no.1 (April 2017): 32–55,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29148341

567

Stacey Fedewa, K. Robin Yabroff, Robert Smith, Ann Goding Sauer, Xuesong Han, and Ahmedin

Jemal, “Changes in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening After Medicaid Expansion Under the

Affordable Care Act,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine epub ahead of print (May 2019),

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379719301163

568

Tong Gan et al., “Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Colorectal Cancer Screening, Incidence, and

Survival in Kentucky,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 228, no. 4 (April 2019): 342-353.e1,

https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(19)30046-8/fulltext

569

Dmitry Tumin et al., “Medicaid Participation among Liver Transplant Candidates after the Affordable

Care Act Medicaid Expansion” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 225, no. 2 (August 2017):

173-180.e2, https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(17)30454-4/fulltext

570

Christina Andrews et al., “Medicaid Coverage In Substance Use Disorder Treatment After The

Affordable Care Act,” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment epub ahead of print (April 2019),

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740547218305750

571

Manzilat Akande, Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, Deena Chisolm, and Jennifer Cooper,

“Effects Of Medicaid Expansion On Disparities In Trauma Care And Outcomes In Young Adults,” Journal

of Surgical Research 228 (August 2018): 42-53,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022480418301562

572

Shiho Kino and Ichiro Kawachi, “The Impact Of ACA Medicaid Expansion On Socioeconomic

Inequality In Health Care Services Utilization,” PLoS ONE 13, no. 2 (December 2018),

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0209935

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

573

James McDermott et al., “Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansion and Use of Regionalized Surgery

at High-Volume Hospitals,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 227, no. 5 (November 2018):

507-520.e9, https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(18)31993-8/abstract

574

Andrew Crocker et al., “Expansion Coverage And Preferential Utilization Of Cancer Surgery Among

Racial And Ethnic Minorities And Low-Income Groups,” Surgery epub ahead of print (June 2019),

https://www.surgjournal.com/article/S0039-6060(19)30198-9/fulltext

575

Emanuel Eguia et al., "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Access to

Minimally Invasive Surgical Care," The American Journal of Surgery Epub ahead of print (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.07.003

576

Taressa K. Fraze et al., "Prevalence of Screening for Food Insecurity, Housing Instability, Utility

Needs, Transportation Needs, and Interpersonal Violence by US Physician Practices and Hospitals,"

JAMA Network Open 2, no. 9 (September 2019), https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11514

577

Kelsey L. Corrigan et al., "The Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Insurance

Coverage and Cancer-Directed Treatment in HIV-Infected Patients With Cancer in the United States,"

Cancer (November 2019), https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32563

578

Andrew Loehrer et al., “Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion with Access to and

Quality of Care for Surgical Conditions,” Journal of the American Medical Association Surgery, epub

ahead of print (January 2018), https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2670459?redirect=true

579

Megan Cole, Omar Galarraga, Ira Wilson, Brad Wright, and Amal Trivedi, “At Federally Funded Health

Centers, Medicaid Expansion was Associated with Improved Quality of Care,” Health Affairs 36 no. 1

(January 2017): 40-48, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/1/40.full?sid=a3089120-6f4b-428b-

bba8-5f005b444e19

580

Megan Cole, Brad Wright, Ira Wilson, Omar Gallarraga, and Amal Trivedi, “Medicaid Expansion And

Community Health Centers: Care Quality And Service Use Increased For Rural Patients” Health Affairs

37, no. 6 (June 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1542

581

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Changes in Utilization and

Health Among Low-Income Adults After Medicaid Expansion or Expanded Private Insurance,” The

Journal of the American Medical Association 176 no. 10 (October 2016): 1501-1509,

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2542420

582

Benjamin Sommers, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Three-

Year Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Improved Medical Care and Health Among Low-Income Adults,”

Health Affairs epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/05/15/hlthaff.2017.0293

583

Hefei Wen, Kenton J. Johnston, Lindsay Allen, and Teresa M. Waters, "Medicaid Expansion

Associated With Reductions In Preventable Hospitalizations," Health Affairs 38, no. 11 (November 2019):

1845-1849, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00483

584

Mohammad Eslami et al., "Impact of Medicaid Expansion of the Affordable Care on the Outcomes of

Lower Extremity Bypass for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease in the Vascular Quality Initiative

Database," Annals of Surgery 270, no. 4 (October 2019): 647-655,

https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000003521

585

John Scott et al., "Lifting the Burden: State Medicaid Expansion Reduces Financial Risk for the

Injured," Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Epub ahead of print (September 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002493

586

Gary Pickens et al., “Changes in Hospital Inpatient Utilization Following Health Care Reform,” Health

Services Research epub ahead of print (June 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28664983

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

587

Jeremy Holzmacher et al., “Association of Expanded Medicaid Coverage with Hospital Length of Stay

After Injury,” JAMA Surgery published online (June 2017),

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658482

588

Andrew Admon, Thomas Valley, John Ayanian, Theodore Iwashyna, Colin Cooke, and Renuka

Tipirneni, “Trends in Hospital Utilization After Medicaid Expansion,” Medical Care 57, no. 4 (April 2019):

312-317, https://journals.lww.com/lww-

medicalcare/Abstract/publishahead/Brief_Report__Trends_in_Hospital_Utilization_After.98489.aspx

589

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion With Access to Rehabilitative Care in Adult

Trauma Patients,” JAMA Surgery epub ahead of print (January 2019),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2719270?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm

_content=jamasurg.2018.5177

590

Andrew Admon, Michael Sjoding, Sarah Lyon, John Ayanian, Theodore Iwashyna, and Colin Cooke,

“Medicaid Expansion and Mechanical Ventilation in Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and

Heart Failure,” Annals of the American Thoracic Society epub ahead of print (February 2019),

https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201811-777OC

591

Neal Bhutiani, Brian Harbrecht, Charles Scoggins, and Matthew Bozeman, “Evaluating The Early

Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Trends In Diagnosis And Treatment Of Benign Gallbladder Disease In

Kentucky,” The American Journal of Surgery (January 2019),

https://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(18)30894-8/fulltext

592

Manzilat Akande Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, and Jennifer Cooper, “Association of

Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With Outcomes and Access to Rehabilitation in

Young Adult Trauma Patients,” JAMA Surgery 153, no. 8 (August 2018),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2682872?widget=personalizedcontent&previousarticle=2719270

593

Manzilat Akande, Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, Deena Chisolm, and Jennifer Cooper,

“Effects Of Medicaid Expansion On Disparities In Trauma Care And Outcomes In Young Adults,” Journal

of Surgical Research 228 (August 2018): 42-53,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022480418301562

594

Ramiro Manzano-Nunez et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion Policy with Outcomes in Homeless

Patients Requiring Emergency General Surgery,” World Journal of Surgery 43, no. 6 (June 2019): 1483-

1489, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00268-019-04932-0

595

De-Chih Lee, Leiyu Shi, and Hailun Liang, “Primary Care Utilization And Clinical Quality Performance:

A Comparison Between Health Centres In Medicaid Expansion States And Non-Expansion States,”

Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 24, no. 1 (January 2019): 19-24,

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1355819618788592

596

Jusung Lee et al., "The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Diabetes Management," Diabetes Care

Epub ahead of print (October 2019), https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1173

597

John A. Graves et al., "Medicaid Expansion Slowed Rates of Health Decline for Low-Income Adults in

Southern States," Health Affairs 39, no. 1 (January 2020): 67-76,

https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00929

598

Renuka Tipirneni et al., "Association of Expanded Medicaid Coverage With Health and Job-Related

Outcomes Among Enrollees With Behavioral Health Disorders," Psychiatric Services Epub ahead of print

(September 2019), https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201900179

599

Susan Dorr Goold et al., "Primary Care, Health Promotion, and Disease Prevention with Michigan

Medicaid Expansion," Journal of General Internal Medicine Epub ahead of print (December 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05370-3

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

600

Ann-Marie Rosland et al., "Diagnosis and Care of Chronic Health Conditions Among Medicaid

Expansion Enrollees: a Mixed-Methods Observational Study," Journal of General Internal Medicine 34,

no. 11 (November 2019): 2549-2558, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05323-w

601

Claire E. Margerison et al., "Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Among Women of Reproductive

Age," American Journal of Preventive Medicine Epub ahead of print (November 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.019

602

Renuka Tipirneni et al., “Changes in Health and Ability to Work Among Medicaid Expansion Enrollees:

a Mixed Methods Study,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 34, no. 2 (February 2019): 272-280,

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-018-4736-8

603

Hyunjung Lee and Frank Porell, “The Effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on

Disparities in Access to Care and Health Status,” Medical Care Research and Review epub ahead of print

(October 2018),

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077558718808709?rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&url_ver=

Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&journalCode=mcrd

604

Benjamin Sommers, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Three-

Year Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Improved Medical Care and Health Among Low-Income Adults,”

Health Affairs epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/05/15/hlthaff.2017.0293

605

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Changes in Utilization and

Health Among Low-Income Adults After Medicaid Expansion or Expanded Private Insurance,” The

Journal of the American Medical Association 176 no. 10 (October 2016): 1501-1509,

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2542420

606

Stacey McMorrow, Jason Gates, Sharon Long, and Genevieve Kenney, “Medicaid Expansion

Increased Coverage, Improved Affordability, and Reduced Psychological Distress for Low-Income

Parents,” Health Affairs 36 no. 5 (May 2017): 808-818,

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1650

607

John Cawley, Aparna Soni, and Kosali Simon, “Third Year of Survey Data Shows Continuing Benefits

of Medicaid Expansions for Low-Income Childless Adults in the U.S.,” Journal of General Internal

Medicine 33, no. 9 (September 2018): 1495-1497, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11606-

018-4537-0

608

Barbara DiPietro, Samantha Artiga, and Alexandra Gates, Early Impacts of the Medicaid Expansion for

the Homeless Population (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured,

November 2014), http://kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/early-impacts-of-the-medicaid-expansion-for-the-

homeless-population/

609

Kosali Simon, Aparna Soni, and John Cawley, “The Impact of Health Insurance on Preventive Care

and Health Behaviors: Evidence from the First Two Years of the ACA Medicaid Expansions” Journal of

Policy Analysis and Management 36, no. 2 (March 2017),

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pam.21972

610

Tyler Winkelman and Virginia Chang, “Medicaid Expansion, Mental Health, and Access to Care

Among Childless Adults With and Without Chronic Conditions,” Journal of General Internal Medicine epub

ahead of print (November 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29181792

611

The Ohio Department of Medicaid, 2018 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment: A Follow

‐

Up to the

2016 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment, (The Ohio Department of Medicaid, August 2018),

https://medicaid.ohio.gov/Portals/0/Resources/Reports/Annual/Group-VIII-Final-Report.pdf

612

Susan Dorr Goold et al., “Primary Care Clinicians’ Views About the Impact of Medicaid Expansion in

Michigan: A Mixed Methods Study,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 33, no. 8 (June 2018): 1307-

1316, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-018-4487-6

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

613

Tong Gan et al., “Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Colorectal Cancer Screening, Incidence, and

Survival in Kentucky,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 228, no. 4 (April 2019): 342-353.e1,

https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(19)30046-8/fulltext

614

Eric Charles et al., “Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Cardiac Surgery Volume and Outcomes,” The

Annals of Thoracic Surgery (June 2017), http://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-

4975(17)30552-0/pdf

615

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Impact of Affordable Care Act Insurance Expansion on Pre-Hospital Access to

Care: Changes in Adult Perforated Appendix Admission Rates after Medicaid Expansion and the

Dependent Coverage Provision,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 228, no. 1 (January 2019):

29-43, https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(18)32078-7/fulltext

616

Clare Brown et al., “Association of State Medicaid Expansion Status With Low Birth Weight and

Preterm Birth” Journal of the American Medical Association 321, no. 16 (April 2019),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2731179

617

Steffani Bailey et al., “Tobacco Cessation in Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion States Versus

Non-expansion States,” Nicotine & Tobacco Research epub ahead of print (May 2019),

https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntz087/5498071

618

Jonathan Koma, Julie Donohue, Colleen Barry, Haiden Huskamp, and Marian Jarlenski, “Medicaid

Coverage Expansions and Cigarette Smoking Cessation Among Low-Income Adults,” Medical Care 55,

no. 12 (December 2017): 1023-1029, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5688008/

619

Sarah Miller, Sean Altekruse, Norman Johnson, and Laura R. Wherry, Medicaid and Mortality: New

Evidence from Linked Survey and Administrative Data (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working

Paper No. 26081, July 2019), http://www.nber.org/papers/w26081

620

Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Opioid Overdose Mortality in the

United States," JAMA Network Open 3, no. 1 (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.19066

621

Chintan Bhatt and Consuelo Beck-Sague, “Medicaid Expansion and Infant Mortality in the United

States,” American Journal of Public Health 108, no. 4 (April 2018): 565-567,

https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304218

622

Sameed Ahmed Khatana et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Cardiovascular Mortality,"

JAMA Cardiology 4, no. 7 (July 2019): 671-679, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1651

623

Shailender Swaminathan, Benjamin Sommers, Rebecca Thorsness, Rajnish Mehrotra, Yoojin Lee,

and Amal Trivedi, “Association of Medicaid Expansion With 1-Year Mortality Among Patients With End-

Stage Renal Disease,” Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) 320, no. 21 (December

2018): 2242-2250,

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2710505?guestAccessKey=ea3a8641-320b-4afd-b96e-

dc59fbd90b20&utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=J_Am_Med_TrendMD_1&utm

_content=olf&utm_term=102518

624

Emanuel Eguia et al., "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Access to

Minimally Invasive Surgical Care," The American Journal of Surgery Epub ahead of print (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.07.003

625

Taressa K. Fraze et al., "Prevalence of Screening for Food Insecurity, Housing Instability, Utility

Needs, Transportation Needs, and Interpersonal Violence by US Physician Practices and Hospitals,"

JAMA Network Open 2, no. 9 (September 2019), https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11514

626

Kelsey L. Corrigan et al., "The Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Insurance

Coverage and Cancer-Directed Treatment in HIV-Infected Patients With Cancer in the United States,"

Cancer (November 2019), https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32563

627

Mohammad Eslami et al., "Impact of Medicaid Expansion of the Affordable Care on the Outcomes of

Lower Extremity Bypass for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease in the Vascular Quality Initiative

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Database," Annals of Surgery 270, no. 4 (October 2019): 647-655,

https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000003521

628

Megan Cole, Brad Wright, Ira Wilson, Omar Gallarraga, and Amal Trivedi, “Medicaid Expansion And

Community Health Centers: Care Quality And Service Use Increased For Rural Patients” Health Affairs

37, no. 6 (June 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1542

629

Benjamin Sommers, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Three-

Year Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Improved Medical Care and Health Among Low-Income Adults,”

Health Affairs epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/05/15/hlthaff.2017.0293

630

Rishi Wadhera et al., “Association of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion With Care Quality

and Outcomes for Low-Income Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure,” Circulation: Cardiovascular

Quality and Outcomes 11, no. 7 (June 2018),

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004729

631

Rishi Wadhera et al., “Association of State Medicaid Expansion With Quality of Care and Outcomes for

Low-Income Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction,” JAMA Cardiology 4, no. 2 (January

2019): 120-127, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-

abstract/2720425?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm

_content=jamacardio.2018.4577

632

Chima Ndumele, William Schpero, and Amal Trivedi, “Medicaid Expansion and Health Plan Quality in

Medicaid Managed Care,” Health Services Research 53, no. 4, Part II (August 2018),

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6773.12814

633

Megan Cole, Omar Galarraga, Ira Wilson, Brad Wright, and Amal Trivedi, “At Federally Funded Health

Centers, Medicaid Expansion was Associated with Improved Quality of Care,” Health Affairs 36 no. 1

(January 2017): 40-48, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/1/40.full?sid=a3089120-6f4b-428b-

bba8-5f005b444e19

634

De-Chih Lee, Leiyu Shi, and Hailun Liang, “Primary Care Utilization And Clinical Quality Performance:

A Comparison Between Health Centres In Medicaid Expansion States And Non-Expansion States,”

Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 24, no. 1 (January 2019): 19-24,

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1355819618788592

635

John Scott et al., "Lifting the Burden: State Medicaid Expansion Reduces Financial Risk for the

Injured," Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Epub ahead of print (September 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002493

636

Gary Pickens et al., “Changes in Hospital Inpatient Utilization Following Health Care Reform,” Health

Services Research epub ahead of print (June 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28664983

637

Jeremy Holzmacher et al., “Association of Expanded Medicaid Coverage with Hospital Length of Stay

After Injury,” JAMA Surgery published online (June 2017),

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658482

638

Mary Anderson, Jeffrey Glasheen, and Debra Anoff, “Impact of State Medicaid Expansion Status on

Length of Stay and In-Hospital Mortality for General Medicine Patients at US Academic Medical Centers,”

Journal of Hospital Medicine Epub ahead of print (August 2016),

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/jhm.2649/citedby

639

Andrew Admon, Thomas Valley, John Ayanian, Theodore Iwashyna, Colin Cooke, and Renuka

Tipirneni, “Trends in Hospital Utilization After Medicaid Expansion,” Medical Care 57, no. 4 (April 2019):

312-317, https://journals.lww.com/lww-

medicalcare/Abstract/publishahead/Brief_Report__Trends_in_Hospital_Utilization_After.98489.aspx

640

Andrew Admon, Michael Sjoding, Sarah Lyon, John Ayanian, Theodore Iwashyna, and Colin Cooke,

“Medicaid Expansion and Mechanical Ventilation in Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and

Heart Failure,” Annals of the American Thoracic Society epub ahead of print (February 2019),

https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201811-777OC

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

641

Ehimare Akhabue, Lindsay Pool, Clyde Yancy, Philip Greenland, and Donald Lloyd-Jones,

“Association of State Medicaid Expansion With Rate of Uninsured Hospitalizations for Major

Cardiovascular Events, 2009-2014,” JAMA Network Open 1, no. 4 (August 2018),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/article-abstract/2698077

642

Donald Likosky, Devraj Sukul, Milan Seth, Chang He, Hitlander Gurm, and Richard Prager, “The

Association Between Medicaid Expansion and Cardiovascular Interventions: The Michigan Experience,”

Journal of the American College of Cardiology 71, no. 9 (March 2018): 1050-1051,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718300056?via%3Dihub

643

Neal Bhutiani, Brian Harbrecht, Charles Scoggins, and Matthew Bozeman, “Evaluating The Early

Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Trends In Diagnosis And Treatment Of Benign Gallbladder Disease In

Kentucky,” The American Journal of Surgery (January 2019),

https://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(18)30894-8/fulltext

644

Rishi Wadhera et al., “Association of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion With Care Quality

and Outcomes for Low-Income Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure,” Circulation: Cardiovascular

Quality and Outcomes 11, no. 7 (June 2018),

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004729

645

Rishi Wadhera et al., “Association of State Medicaid Expansion With Quality of Care and Outcomes for

Low-Income Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction,” JAMA Cardiology 4, no. 2 (January

2019): 120-127, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-

abstract/2720425?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm

_content=jamacardio.2018.4577

646

Manzilat Akande Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, and Jennifer Cooper, “Association of

Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With Outcomes and Access to Rehabilitation in

Young Adult Trauma Patients,” JAMA Surgery 153, no. 8 (August 2018),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2682872?widget=personalizedcontent&previousarticle=2719270

647

Manzilat Akande, Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, Deena Chisolm, and Jennifer Cooper,

“Effects Of Medicaid Expansion On Disparities In Trauma Care And Outcomes In Young Adults,” Journal

of Surgical Research 228 (August 2018): 42-53,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022480418301562

648

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion With Access to Rehabilitative Care in Adult

Trauma Patients,” JAMA Surgery epub ahead of print (January 2019),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2719270?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm

_content=jamasurg.2018.5177

649

Ramiro Manzano-Nunez et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion Policy with Outcomes in Homeless

Patients Requiring Emergency General Surgery,” World Journal of Surgery 43, no. 6 (June 2019): 1483-

1489, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00268-019-04932-0

650

Mark Clapp et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Coverage and Access to Care for

Pregnant Women," Obstetrics & Gynecology 134, no. 5 (November 2019): 1066-1074,

https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000003501

651

John A. Graves et al., "Medicaid Expansion Slowed Rates of Health Decline for Low-Income Adults in

Southern States," Health Affairs 39, no. 1 (January 2020): 67-76,

https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00929

652

Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Opioid Overdose Mortality in the

United States," JAMA Network Open 3, no. 1 (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.19066

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

653

James A. Swartz and Susanny J. Beltran, "Prescription Opioid Availability and Opioid Overdose-

Related Mortality Rates in Medicaid Expansion and Non-Expansion States," Addiction 114, no. 11

(November 2019): 2016-2025, https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14741

654

Jusung Lee et al., "The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Diabetes Management," Diabetes Care

Epub ahead of print (October 2019), https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1173

655

Yunwei Gai and John Marthinsen, "Medicaid Expansion, HIV Testing, and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors

in the United States, 2010-2017," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 10 (October 2019): 1404-

1412, https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305220

656

Lindsay C. Kobayashi, Onur Altindag, Yulya Truskinovsky, and Lisa F. Berkman, "Effects of the

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Subjective Well-Being in the US Adult Population, 2010-

2016," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9 (September 2019): 1236-1242,

https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305164

657

Ann-Marie Rosland et al., "Diagnosis and Care of Chronic Health Conditions Among Medicaid

Expansion Enrollees: a Mixed-Methods Observational Study," Journal of General Internal Medicine 34,

no. 11 (November 2019): 2549-2558, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05323-w

658

Claire E. Margerison et al., "Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Among Women of Reproductive

Age," American Journal of Preventive Medicine Epub ahead of print (November 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.019

659

Sri Lekha Tummalapalli, Samuel Leonard, Michelle M. Estrella, and Salomeh Keyhani, "The Effect of

Medicaid Expansion on Self-Reported Kidney Disease," Clinical Journal of American Society of

Nephrology 14, no. 8 (August 2019): 1238-1240, https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.02310219

660

Stacey McMorrow, Jason Gates, Sharon Long, and Genevieve Kenney, “Medicaid Expansion

Increased Coverage, Improved Affordability, and Reduced Psychological Distress for Low-Income

Parents,” Health Affairs 36 no. 5 (May 2017): 808-818,

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1650

661

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Four Years Later: Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Continue

to Diverge between ACA Medicaid Expansion and Non-Expansion States,” American Economic

Association Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 2019): 327-333,

https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pandp.20191046

662

Tyler Winkelman and Virginia Chang, “Medicaid Expansion, Mental Health, and Access to Care

Among Childless Adults With and Without Chronic Conditions,” Journal of General Internal Medicine epub

ahead of print (November 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29181792

663

Laura Wherry and Sarah Miller, “Early Coverage, Access, Utilization, and Health Effects Associated

with the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions: A Quasi-experimental Study,” Annals of Internal

Medicine, Epub ahead of print (April 2016), http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2513980

664

Benjamin Sommers, Munira Gunja, Kenneth Finegold, and Thomas Musco, “Changes in Self-Reported

Insurance Coverage, Access to Care, and Health Under the Affordable Care Act,” The Journal of the

American Medical Association 314 no. 4 (July 2015): 366-374,

http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2411283&resultClick=3

665

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Health and Access to Care During the First 2 Years of the ACA

Medicaid Expansions,” The New England Journal of Medicine 376 no. 10 (March 2017),

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1612890

666

Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata, Early Effects

of the Affordable Care Act on Health Care Access, Risky Health Behaviors, and Self-Assessed Health

(National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper no. 23269, March 2017),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w23269

667

Manzilat Akande, Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, Deena Chisolm, and Jennifer Cooper,

“Effects Of Medicaid Expansion On Disparities In Trauma Care And Outcomes In Young Adults,” Journal

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

of Surgical Research 228 (August 2018): 42-53,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022480418301562

668

Hyunjung Lee and Frank Porell, “The Effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on

Disparities in Access to Care and Health Status,” Medical Care Research and Review epub ahead of print

(October 2018),

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077558718808709?rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&url_ver=

Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&journalCode=mcrd

669

John Cawley, Aparna Soni, and Kosali Simon, “Third Year of Survey Data Shows Continuing Benefits

of Medicaid Expansions for Low-Income Childless Adults in the U.S.,” Journal of General Internal

Medicine 33, no. 9 (September 2018): 1495-1497, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11606-

018-4537-0

670

Kosali Simon, Aparna Soni, and John Cawley, “The Impact of Health Insurance on Preventive Care

and Health Behaviors: Evidence from the First Two Years of the ACA Medicaid Expansions” Journal of

Policy Analysis and Management 36, no. 2 (March 2017),

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pam.21972

671

Nimish Valvi, Neomi Vin-Raviv, and Tomi Akinyemiju, “Current Smoking and Quit-Attempts Among US

Adults Following Medicaid Expansion,” Preventive Medicine Reports epub ahead of print (June 2019),

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335519300981

672

Bernard Black, Alex Hollingsworth, Leticia Nunes, and Kosali Simon, The Effect of Health Insurance

on Mortality: Power Analysis and What We Can Learn from the Affordable Care Act Coverage

Expansions, (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper Series No. 25568, February 2019),

https://www.nber.org/papers/w25568

673

Susan L. Averett, Julie K. Smith, and Yang Wang, "Medicaid Expansion and Opioid Deaths," Health

Economics 28, no. 12 (December 2019): 1491-1496, https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3945

674

Johanna Maclean and Brendan Saloner, The Effect of Public Insurance Expansions on Substance Use

Disorder Treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act (National Bureau of Economic Research

Working Paper No. 23342, April 2017), http://www.nber.org/papers/w23342.pdf

675

Mark L. Diana et al., Louisiana Medicaid Expansion and Access to Care (Louisiana Department of

Health, Prepared by Tulane University, July 2019),

http://ldh.la.gov/assets/media/AccesstoCareReport20132018final.pdf

676

Fredric Blavin, Impact of the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansion on Medicare Enrollees' Access

to Physician Services (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, August 2019),

https://www.urban.org/research/publication/effect-affordable-care-act-medicare-enrollees-access-

physician-services

677

Jesse M. Hinde et al., "Increasing Access to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Assessing State Policies

and the Evidence Behind Them," Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 80, no. 6 (November 2019):

693-697, https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2019.80.693

678

Angelica Meinhofer and Allison Witman, “The Role Of Health Insurance On Treatment For Opioid Use

Disorders: Evidence From The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion,” Journal of Health Economics 60

(June 2018): 177-197, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629617311530

679

Samantha Artiga, Robin Rudowitz, Jennifer Tolbert, Julia Paradise, and Melissa Majerol, Findings from

the Field: Medicaid Delivery Systems and Access to Care in Four States in Year Three of the ACA

(Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, September 2016),

http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/findings-from-the-field-medicaid-delivery-systems-and-access-to-care-

in-four-states-in-year-three-of-the-aca/

680

Simon Basseyn, Brendan Saloner, Genevieve Kenney, Douglas Wissoker, Daniel Polsky, and Karin

Rhodes, Primary Care Appointment Availability for Medicaid Patients: Comparing Traditional and

Premium Assistance Plans, (Penn Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, July 2016),

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

http://ldi.upenn.edu/brief/primary-care-appointment-availability-medicaid-patients-comparing-traditional-

and-premium

681

Rachel Garfield, Elizabeth Hinton, Elizabeth Cornachione, and Cornelia Hall, Medicaid Managed Care

Plans and Access to Care: Results from the Kaiser Family Foundation 2017 Survey of Medicaid Managed

Care Plans (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2018),

https://www.kff.org/medicaid/report/medicaid-managed-care-plans-and-access-to-care-results-from-the-

kaiser-family-foundation-2017-survey-of-medicaid-managed-care-plans

682

Hannah Neprash, Anna Zink, Joshua Gray, and Katherine Hempstead, “Physicians’ Participation In

Medicaid Increased Only Slightly Following Expansion” Health Affairs 37, no. 7 (July 2018),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1085

683

Susan Dorr Goold et al., “Primary Care Clinicians’ Views About the Impact of Medicaid Expansion in

Michigan: A Mixed Methods Study,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 33, no. 8 (June 2018): 1307-

1316, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-018-4487-6

684

Sara Rosenbaum, Jennifer Tolbert, Jessica Sharac, Peter Shin, Rachel Gunsalus, and Julia Zur,

Community Health Centers: Growing Importance in a Changing Health Care System (Washington, DC:

Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2018), https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/community-health-

centers-growing-importance-in-a-changing-health-care-system/

685

Hefei Wen, Adam S. Wilk, and Benjamin G. Druss, “Medicaid Acceptance by Psychiatrists Before and

After Medicaid Expansion,” JAMA Psychiatry epub ahead of print (June 2019),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2735109?resultClick=1

686

Molly Candon et al., Primary Care Appointment Availability and the ACA Insurance Expansions

(Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, March 2017),

https://ldi.upenn.edu/brief/primary-care-appointment-availability-and-aca-insurance-expansions

687

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Changes in Utilization and

Health Among Low-Income Adults After Medicaid Expansion or Expanded Private Insurance,” The

Journal of the American Medical Association 176 no. 10 (October 2016): 1501-1509,

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2542420

688

Xinxin Han, Quian Luo, and Leighton Ku, “Medicaid Expansion and Grant Funding Increases Helped

Improve Community Health Center Capacity,” Health Affairs 36 no. 1 (January 2017): 49-56,

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/1/49.full?sid=a3089120-6f4b-428b-bba8-5f005b444e19

689

Nathalie Huguet et al., “Medicaid Expansion Produces Long-Term Impact on Insurance Coverage

Rates in Community Health Centers,” Journal of Primary Care & Community Health epub ahead of print

(May 2017), http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2150131917709403

690

Josh Gray, Anna Zink, and Tony Dreyfus, Effects of the Affordable Care Act Through 2015,

(athenaResearch and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ACA View Report, March 2016),

http://www.athenahealth.com/~/media/athenaweb/files/pdf/acaview_tracking_the_impact_of_health_care_

reform

691

Josh Gray, Iyue Sung, and Stewart Richardson, Observations on the Affordable Care Act: 2014

(athenaResearch and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ACA View Report, February 2015),

http://www.athenahealth.com/~/media/athenaweb/files/pdf/acaview_year_end_2014.pdf

692

The Ohio Department of Medicaid, 2018 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment: A Follow

‐

Up to the

2016 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment, (The Ohio Department of Medicaid, August 2018),

https://medicaid.ohio.gov/Portals/0/Resources/Reports/Annual/Group-VIII-Final-Report.pdf

693

MaryBeth Musumeci, Robin Rudowitz, Petry Ubri, and Elizabeth Hinton, An Early Look at Medicaid

Expansion Waiver Implementation in Michigan and Indiana (Washington, DC: The Kaiser Family

Foundation, January 2017), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/an-early-look-at-medicaid-expansion-

waiver-implementation-in-michigan-and-indiana/

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

694

Samantha Artiga, Jennifer Tolbert, and Robin Rudowitz, Year Two of the ACA Coverage Expansions:

On-the-Ground Experiences from Five States (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the

Uninsured, June 2015), http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/year-two-of-the-aca-coverage-expansions-

on-the-ground-experiences-from-five-states/

695

Government Accountability Office, Behavioral Health: Options for Low-Income Adults to Receive

Treatment in Selected States (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, June 2015),

http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/670894.pdf

696

Samantha Artiga and Robin Rudowitz, How Have State Medicaid Expansion Decisions Affected the

Experiences of Low-Income Adults? Perspectives from Ohio, Arkansas, and Missouri (Washington, DC:

Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, June 2015), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/how-

have-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-affected-the-experiences-of-low-income-adults-perspectives-

from-ohio-arkansas-and-missouri/

697

Peter Shin, Jessica Sharac, Julia Zur, Sara Rosenbaum, and Julia Paradise, Health Center Patient

Trends, Enrollment Activities, and Service Capacity: Recent Experience in Medicaid Expansion and Non-

Expansion States (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, December

2015), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/health-center-patient-trends-enrollment-activities-and-service-

capacity-recent-experience-in-medicaid-expansion-and-non-expansion-states/

698

Renuka Tipirneni et al., “Primary Care Appointment Availability and Nonphysician Providers One Year

After Medicaid Expansion,” The American Journal of Managed Care 22 no. 6 (June 2016): 427-431,

http://www.ajmc.com/journals/issue/2016/2016-vol22-n6/primary-care-appointment-availability-and-

nonphysician-providers-one-year-after-medicaid-expansion

699

Sara Collins, Munira Gunja, Michelle Doty, and Sophie Beutel, Americans’ Experiences with ACA

Marketplace and Medicaid Coverage: Access to Care and Satisfaction (The Commonwealth Fund, May

2016), http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2016/may/aca-tracking-survey-

access-to-care-and-satisfaction

700

Renuka Tipirneni et al., “Primary Care Appointment Availability For New Medicaid Patients Increased

After Medicaid Expansion In Michigan,” Health Affairs (July 2015),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2015/07/15/hlthaff.2014.1425.full

701

De-Chih Lee, Leiyu Shi, and Hailun Liang, “Primary Care Utilization And Clinical Quality Performance:

A Comparison Between Health Centres In Medicaid Expansion States And Non-Expansion States,”

Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 24, no. 1 (January 2019): 19-24,

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1355819618788592

702

Adam M. Almaguer et al., "Do Geographic Region, Medicaid Status, and Academic Affiliation Affect

Access to Care Among Medicaid and Privately Insured Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients?," Journal of

Arthroplasty 34, no. 12 (December 2019): 2866-2871, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2019.07.030

703

Colleen M. Carey, Sarah Miller, and Laura R. Wherry, The Impact of Insurance Expansions on the

Already Insured: The Affordable Care Act and Medicare, (National Bureau of Economic Research,

Working Paper Series No. 25153, October 2018), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25153

704

Carrie Fry and Benjamin Sommers, “Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance Coverage and

Access to Care Among Adults With Depression,” Psychiatric Services 69, no. 11 (November 2018),

https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ps.201800181

705

Thomas Selden, Brandy Lipton, and Sandra Decker, “Medicaid Expansion and Marketplace Eligibility

Both Increased Coverage, With Trade-Offs in Access, Affordability,” Health Affairs 36 no. 12 (December

2017), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0830

706

Joseph Labrum et al., “Does Medicaid Insurance Confer Adequate Access to Adult Orthopaedic Care

in the Era of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act?” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related

Research 475 no. 6 (June 2017): 1527-1536, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11999-017-

5263-3

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

707

Fredric Blavin, Impact of the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansion on Medicare Enrollees' Access

to Physician Services (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, August 2019),

https://www.urban.org/research/publication/effect-affordable-care-act-medicare-enrollees-access-

physician-services

708

Renuka Tipirneni et al., “Primary Care Appointment Availability For New Medicaid Patients Increased

After Medicaid Expansion In Michigan,” Health Affairs (July 2015),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2015/07/15/hlthaff.2014.1425.full

709

Jevay Grooms and Alberto Ortega, “Examining Medicaid Expansion and the Treatment of Substance

Use Disorders,” American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 2019): 187-192,

https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pandp.20191090

710

Hefei Wen, Adam S. Wilk, and Benjamin G. Druss, “Medicaid Acceptance by Psychiatrists Before and

After Medicaid Expansion,” JAMA Psychiatry epub ahead of print (June 2019),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2735109?resultClick=1

711

Nathalie Huguet et al., “Medicaid Expansion Produces Long-Term Impact on Insurance Coverage

Rates in Community Health Centers,” Journal of Primary Care & Community Health epub ahead of print

(May 2017), http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2150131917709403

712

Megan Cole, Omar Galarraga, Ira Wilson, Brad Wright, and Amal Trivedi, “At Federally Funded Health

Centers, Medicaid Expansion was Associated with Improved Quality of Care,” Health Affairs 36 no. 1

(January 2017): 40-48, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/1/40.full?sid=a3089120-6f4b-428b-

bba8-5f005b444e19

713

Renuka Tipirneni et al., “Primary Care Appointment Availability and Nonphysician Providers One Year

After Medicaid Expansion,” The American Journal of Managed Care 22 no. 6 (June 2016): 427-431,

http://www.ajmc.com/journals/issue/2016/2016-vol22-n6/primary-care-appointment-availability-and-

nonphysician-providers-one-year-after-medicaid-expansion

714

Benjamin Sommers, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Three-

Year Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Improved Medical Care and Health Among Low-Income Adults,”

Health Affairs epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/05/15/hlthaff.2017.0293

715

Hilary Barnes, Michael Richards, Matthew McHugh, and Grant Martsolf, “Rural And Nonrural Primary

Care Physician Practices Increasingly Rely On Nurse Practitioners,” Health Affairs 37, no. 6 (June 2018),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1158

716

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Health and Access to Care During the First 2 Years of the ACA

Medicaid Expansions,” The New England Journal of Medicine 376 no. 10 (March 2017),

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1612890

717

Jenny Nguyen, Nidharshan Anandasivam, Daniel Cooperman, Richard Pelker, and Daniel Wiznia,

“Does Medicaid Insurance Provide Sufficient Access to Pediatric Orthopedic Care Under the Affordable

Care Act?,” Global Pediatric Health epub ahead of print (February 2019),

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6381430/

718

Benjamin Sommers, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Three-

Year Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Improved Medical Care and Health Among Low-Income Adults,”

Health Affairs epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/05/15/hlthaff.2017.0293

719

Thomas Selden, Brandy Lipton, and Sandra Decker, “Medicaid Expansion and Marketplace Eligibility

Both Increased Coverage, With Trade-Offs in Access, Affordability,” Health Affairs 36 no. 12 (December

2017), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0830

720

Samantha Artiga, Robin Rudowitz, Jennifer Tolbert, Julia Paradise, and Melissa Majerol, Findings from

the Field: Medicaid Delivery Systems and Access to Care in Four States in Year Three of the ACA

(Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, September 2016),

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/findings-from-the-field-medicaid-delivery-systems-and-access-to-care-

in-four-states-in-year-three-of-the-aca/

721

MaryBeth Musumeci, Robin Rudowitz, Petry Ubri, and Elizabeth Hinton, An Early Look at Medicaid

Expansion Waiver Implementation in Michigan and Indiana (Washington, DC: The Kaiser Family

Foundation, January 2017), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/an-early-look-at-medicaid-expansion-

waiver-implementation-in-michigan-and-indiana/

722

Samantha Artiga, Jennifer Tolbert, and Robin Rudowitz, Year Two of the ACA Coverage Expansions:

On-the-Ground Experiences from Five States (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the

Uninsured, June 2015), http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/year-two-of-the-aca-coverage-expansions-

on-the-ground-experiences-from-five-states/

723

Government Accountability Office, Behavioral Health: Options for Low-Income Adults to Receive

Treatment in Selected States (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, June 2015),

http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/670894.pdf

724

Samantha Artiga and Robin Rudowitz, How Have State Medicaid Expansion Decisions Affected the

Experiences of Low-Income Adults? Perspectives from Ohio, Arkansas, and Missouri (Washington, DC:

Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, June 2015), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/how-

have-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-affected-the-experiences-of-low-income-adults-perspectives-

from-ohio-arkansas-and-missouri/

725

Peter Shin, Jessica Sharac, Julia Zur, Sara Rosenbaum, and Julia Paradise, Health Center Patient

Trends, Enrollment Activities, and Service Capacity: Recent Experience in Medicaid Expansion and Non-

Expansion States (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, December

2015), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/health-center-patient-trends-enrollment-activities-and-service-

capacity-recent-experience-in-medicaid-expansion-and-non-expansion-states/

726

Renuka Tipirneni et al., “Primary Care Appointment Availability and Nonphysician Providers One Year

After Medicaid Expansion,” The American Journal of Managed Care 22 no. 6 (June 2016): 427-431,

http://www.ajmc.com/journals/issue/2016/2016-vol22-n6/primary-care-appointment-availability-and-

nonphysician-providers-one-year-after-medicaid-expansion

727

Renuka Tipirneni et al., “Primary Care Appointment Availability For New Medicaid Patients Increased

After Medicaid Expansion In Michigan,” Health Affairs (July 2015),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2015/07/15/hlthaff.2014.1425.full

728

John Scott et al., "Lifting the Burden: State Medicaid Expansion Reduces Financial Risk for the

Injured," Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Epub ahead of print (September 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002493

729

Jesse C. Baumgartner, Sara R. Collins, David C. Radley, and Susan L. Hayes, How the Affordable

Care Act Has Narrowed Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Health Care (The Commonwealth

Fund, January 2020), https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/2020/jan/how-ACA-narrowed-

racial-ethnic-disparities-access

730

Xuesong Han et al., "Changes in Noninsurance and Care Unaffordability Among Cancer Survivors

Following the Affordable Care Act," Journal of the National Cancer Institute Epub ahead of print

(November 2019), https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz218

731

Lindsay C. Kobayashi, Onur Altindag, Yulya Truskinovsky, and Lisa F. Berkman, "Effects of the

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Subjective Well-Being in the US Adult Population, 2010-

2016," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9 (September 2019): 1236-1242,

https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305164

732

Kevin N. Griffith, "Changes in Insurance Coverage and Access to Care for Young Adults in 2017,"

Journal of Adolescent Health Epub ahead of print (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.020

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

733

Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen G. Levy, and Robert G. Valletta, Medicaid Expansion and the

Unemployed (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26553, December 2019),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w26553

734

Jin Huang and Shirley L. Porterfield, "Changes in Health Insurance Coverage and Health Care Access

as Teens with Disabilities Transition to Adulthood," Disability and Health Journal 12, no. 4 (October

2019): 551-556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.06.009

735

Claire E. Margerison et al., "Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Among Women of Reproductive

Age," American Journal of Preventive Medicine Epub ahead of print (November 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.019

736

Kyle Caswell and Timothy Waidmann, The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions and Personal

Finance (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, September 2017),

https://www.urban.org/research/publication/affordable-care-act-medicaid-expansions-and-personal-

finance

737

Stacey McMorrow, Genevieve Kenney, Sharon Long, and Jason Gates, “Marketplaces Helped Drive

Coverage Gains in 2015; Affordability Problems Remained,” Health Affairs 35 no. 10 (October 2016):

1810-1815, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/10/1810.full

738

Kenneth Brevoort, Daniel Grodzicki, and Martin Hackmann, Medicaid and Financial Health (National

Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 24002, November 2017),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w24002

739

Charles Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata, Early Effects

of the Affordable Care Act on Health Care Access, Risky Health Behaviors, and Self-Assessed Health

(National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper no. 23269, March 2017),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w23269

740

Tyler Winkelman and Virginia Chang, “Medicaid Expansion, Mental Health, and Access to Care

Among Childless Adults With and Without Chronic Conditions,” Journal of General Internal Medicine epub

ahead of print (November 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29181792

741

Dahai Yue, Petra Rasmussen, and Ninez Ponce, “Racial/Ethnic Differential Effects of Medicaid

Expansion on Health Care Access,” Health Services Research (February 2018),

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.12834/abstract

742

The Ohio Department of Medicaid, 2018 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment: A Follow

‐

Up to the

2016 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment, (The Ohio Department of Medicaid, August 2018),

https://medicaid.ohio.gov/Portals/0/Resources/Reports/Annual/Group-VIII-Final-Report.pdf

743

Stacey McMorrow, Jason Gates, Sharon Long, and Genevieve Kenney, “Medicaid Expansion

Increased Coverage, Improved Affordability, and Reduced Psychological Distress for Low-Income

Parents,” Health Affairs 36 no. 5 (May 2017): 808-818,

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1650

744

Sarah Miller, Luojia Hu, Robert Kaestner, Bhashkar Mazumder, and Ashley Wong, The ACA Medicaid

Expansion in Michigan and Financial Health, (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no.

25053, September 2018), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25053.pdf

745

Shiho Kino and Ichiro Kawachi, "Can Health Literacy Boost Health Services Utilization in the Context

of Expanded Access to Health Insurance?," Health Education & Behavior Epub ahead of print (October

2019), https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119875998

746

Mark L. Diana et al., Louisiana Medicaid Expansion and Access to Care (Louisiana Department of

Health, Prepared by Tulane University, July 2019),

http://ldh.la.gov/assets/media/AccesstoCareReport20132018final.pdf

747

Ann-Marie Rosland et al., "Diagnosis and Care of Chronic Health Conditions Among Medicaid

Expansion Enrollees: a Mixed-Methods Observational Study," Journal of General Internal Medicine 34,

no. 11 (November 2019): 2549-2558, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05323-w

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

748

Carrie Fry and Benjamin Sommers, “Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance Coverage and

Access to Care Among Adults With Depression,” Psychiatric Services 69, no. 11 (November 2018),

https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ps.201800181

749

Hyunjung Lee and Frank Porell, “The Effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on

Disparities in Access to Care and Health Status,” Medical Care Research and Review epub ahead of print

(October 2018),

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077558718808709?rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&url_ver=

Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&journalCode=mcrd

750

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Four Years Later: Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Continue

to Diverge between ACA Medicaid Expansion and Non-Expansion States,” American Economic

Association Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 2019): 327-333,

https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pandp.20191046

751

Sunha Choi, Sungkyu Lee, and Jason Matejkowski, “The Effects of State Medicaid Expansion on Low-

Income Individuals’ Access to Health Care: Multilevel Modeling,” Population Health Management epub

ahead of print (September 2017), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/pop.2017.0104

752

Susan Hayes, Pamela Riley, David Radley, and Douglas McCarthy, Reducing Racial and Ethnic

Disparities in Access to Care: Has the Affordable Care Act Made a Difference? (The Commonwealth

Fund, August 2017), http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/aug/racial-ethnic-

disparities-care

753

Susan Hayes, Sara Collins, David Radley, and Douglas McCarthy, What’s at Stake: States’ Progress

on Health Coverage and Access to Care, 2013-2016 (The Commonwealth Fund, December 2017),

http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/dec/states-progress-health-coverage-

and-access

754

Emily Johnston, Andrea Strahan, Peter Joski, Anne Dunlop, and E. Kathleen Adams, “Impacts of the

Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion on Women of Reproductive Age,” Women’s Health Issues, 28,

no. 2 (February 2018), http://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(17)30242-6/pdf

755

Thomas Selden, Brandy Lipton, and Sandra Decker, “Medicaid Expansion and Marketplace Eligibility

Both Increased Coverage, With Trade-Offs in Access, Affordability,” Health Affairs 36 no. 12 (December

2017), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0830

756

Kevin Griffith, Leigh Evans, and Jacob Bor, “The Affordable Care Act Reduced Socioeconomic

Disparities in Health Care Access,” Health Affairs 36 no. 8 (August 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0083

757

Sharon Long, Lea Bart, Michael Karpman, Adele Shartzer, and Stephen Zuckerman, “Sustained Gains

in Coverage, Access, and Affordability Under the ACA: A 2017 Update,” Health Affairs 36 no. 9

(September 2017), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0798

758

Benjamin Sommers, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Three-

Year Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Improved Medical Care and Health Among Low-Income Adults,”

Health Affairs epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/05/15/hlthaff.2017.0293

759

Bryce Ward and Brandon Bridge, The Economic Impact of Medicaid Expansion in Montana: Updated

Findings (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, January 2019), https://mthcf.org/wp-

content/uploads/2019/01/Economic-Impact-of-MedEx-in-MT_1.28.19-FINAL.pdf

760

Ameen Barghi, Hugo Torres, Nancy Kressin, and Danny McCormick, “Coverage and Access for

Americans with Cardiovascular Disease or Risk Factors After the ACA: a Quasi-experimental Study,”

Journal of General Internal Medicine epub ahead of print (June 2019),

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11606-019-05108-1

761

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Health and Access to Care During the First 2 Years of the ACA

Medicaid Expansions,” The New England Journal of Medicine 376 no. 10 (March 2017),

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1612890

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

762

Sara Collins, Munira Gunja, Michelle Doty, and Sophie Beutel, Americans’ Experiences with ACA

Marketplace and Medicaid Coverage: Access to Care and Satisfaction (The Commonwealth Fund, May

2016), http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2016/may/aca-tracking-survey-

access-to-care-and-satisfaction

763

Joseph Benitez, Liza Creel, and J’Aime Jennings, “Kentucky’s Medicaid Expansion Showing Early

Promise on Coverage and Access to Care,” Health Affairs (February 2016),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2016/02/16/hlthaff.2015.1294

764

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, and E. John Orav, “Both the ‘Private Option’ And Traditional

Medicaid Expansions Improved Access To Care For Low-Income Adults,” Health Affairs 35, no. 1

(January 2016): 96-105, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/96.abstract

765

Samantha Artiga and Robin Rudowitz, How Have State Medicaid Expansion Decisions Affected the

Experiences of Low-Income Adults? Perspectives from Ohio, Arkansas, and Missouri (Washington, DC:

Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, June 2015), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/how-

have-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-affected-the-experiences-of-low-income-adults-perspectives-

from-ohio-arkansas-and-missouri/

766

John Cawley, Aparna Soni, and Kosali Simon, “Third Year of Survey Data Shows Continuing Benefits

of Medicaid Expansions for Low-Income Childless Adults in the U.S.,” Journal of General Internal

Medicine 33, no. 9 (September 2018): 1495-1497, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11606-

018-4537-0

767

Aaron Sojourner and Ezra Golberstein, “Medicaid Expansion Reduced Unpaid Medical Debt and

Increased Financial Satisfaction,” Health Affairs (July 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170724.061160/full/

768

Frederic Blavin, Michael Karpman, Genevieve Kenney, and Benjamin Sommers, “Medicaid Versus

Marketplace Coverage for Near-Poor Adults: Effects on Out-Of-Pocket Spending and Coverage,” Health

Affairs 37 no. 2 (January 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1166

769

Sherry Glied, Ougni Chakraborty, and Therese Russo, How Medicaid Expansion Affected Out-of-

Pocket Health Care Spending for Low-Income Families (The Commonwealth Fund, August 2017),

http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/aug/medicaid-expansion-out-of-pocket-

spending-low-income

770

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Changes in Utilization and

Health Among Low-Income Adults After Medicaid Expansion or Expanded Private Insurance,” The

Journal of the American Medical Association 176 no. 10 (October 2016): 1501-1509,

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2542420

771

Andrew Mulcahy, Christine Eibner, and Kenneth Finegold, “Gaining Coverage Through Medicaid Or

Private Insurance Increased Prescription Use and Lowered Out-Of-Pocket Spending,” Health Affairs 35,

no. 9 (September 2016), http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2016/08/16/hlthaff.2016.0091.full

772

Anna Goldman, Steffie Woolhandler, and David Himmelstein, “Out-of-pocket Spending and Premium

Contributions After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act,” Journal of the American Medical

Association epub ahead of print (January 2018),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2669908

773

Helen Levy, Thomas Buchmueller, and Sayeh Nikpay, “The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on

Household Consumption,” Eastern Economic Journal 45, no. 1 (January 2019): 34-57,

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41302-018-0124-7

774

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Four Years Later: Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Continue

to Diverge between ACA Medicaid Expansion and Non-Expansion States,” American Economic

Association Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 2019): 327-333,

https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pandp.20191046

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

775

Kenneth Brevoort, Daniel Grodzicki, and Martin Hackmann, Medicaid and Financial Health (National

Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 24002, November 2017),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w24002

776

Kyle Caswell and Timothy Waidmann, The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions and Personal

Finance (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, September 2017),

https://www.urban.org/research/publication/affordable-care-act-medicaid-expansions-and-personal-

finance

777

Sharon Long, Lea Bart, Michael Karpman, Adele Shartzer, and Stephen Zuckerman, “Sustained Gains

in Coverage, Access, and Affordability Under the ACA: A 2017 Update,” Health Affairs 36 no. 9

(September 2017), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0798

778

Aaron Sojourner and Ezra Golberstein, “Medicaid Expansion Reduced Unpaid Medical Debt and

Increased Financial Satisfaction,” Health Affairs (July 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170724.061160/full/

779

Thomas Selden, Brandy Lipton, and Sandra Decker, “Medicaid Expansion and Marketplace Eligibility

Both Increased Coverage, With Trade-Offs in Access, Affordability,” Health Affairs 36 no. 12 (December

2017), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0830

780

Benjamin Sommers, Bethany Maylone, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Three-

Year Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Improved Medical Care and Health Among Low-Income Adults,”

Health Affairs epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/05/15/hlthaff.2017.0293

781

Stacey McMorrow, Jason Gates, Sharon Long, and Genevieve Kenney, “Medicaid Expansion

Increased Coverage, Improved Affordability, and Reduced Psychological Distress for Low-Income

Parents,” Health Affairs 36 no. 5 (May 2017): 808-818,

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1650

782

Benjamin Sommers, Robert Blendon, E. John Orav, and Arnold Epstein, “Changes in Utilization and

Health Among Low-Income Adults After Medicaid Expansion or Expanded Private Insurance,” The

Journal of the American Medical Association 176 no. 10 (October 2016): 1501-1509,

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2542420

783

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Health and Access to Care During the First 2 Years of the ACA

Medicaid Expansions,” The New England Journal of Medicine 376 no. 10 (March 2017),

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1612890

784

Sarah Miller, Luojia Hu, Robert Kaestner, Bhashkar Mazumder, and Ashley Wong, The ACA Medicaid

Expansion in Michigan and Financial Health, (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no.

25053, September 2018), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25053.pdf

785

The Ohio Department of Medicaid, 2018 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment: A Follow

‐

Up to the

2016 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment, (The Ohio Department of Medicaid, August 2018),

https://medicaid.ohio.gov/Portals/0/Resources/Reports/Annual/Group-VIII-Final-Report.pdf

786

Sarah Miller, Luojia Hu, Robert Kaestner, Bhashkar Mazumder, and Ashley Wong, The ACA Medicaid

Expansion in Michigan and Financial Health, (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no.

25053, September 2018), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25053.pdf

787

Gracie Himmelstein, "Effect of the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansions on Food Security, 2010-

2016," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9 (September 2019): 1243-1248,

https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305168

788

Sanders Korenman, Dahlia K. Remler, and Rosemary T. Hyson, "Medicaid Expansions and Poverty:

Comparing Supplemental and Health-Inclusive Poverty Measures," Social Service Review 93, no. 3

(September 2019): 429-483, https://doi.org/10.1086/705319

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

789

Naomi Zewde and Christopher Wimer, “Antipoverty Impact Of Medicaid Growing With State

Expansions Over Time,” Health Affairs 38, no. 1 (January 2019),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05155

790

Kenneth Brevoort, Daniel Grodzicki, and Martin Hackmann, Medicaid and Financial Health (National

Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 24002, November 2017),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w24002

791

Kyle Caswell and Timothy Waidmann, The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions and Personal

Finance (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, September 2017),

https://www.urban.org/research/publication/affordable-care-act-medicaid-expansions-and-personal-

finance

792

Aaron Sojourner and Ezra Golberstein, “Medicaid Expansion Reduced Unpaid Medical Debt and

Increased Financial Satisfaction,” Health Affairs (July 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170724.061160/full/

793

Luojia Hu, Robert Kaestenr, Bhashkar Mazumder, Sarah Miller, and Ashley Wong, “The Effect of the

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions on Financial Wellbeing,” Journal of Public Economics 163 (July

2018): 99-112, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047272718300707

794

Sarah Miller, Luojia Hu, Robert Kaestner, Bhashkar Mazumder, and Ashley Wong, The ACA Medicaid

Expansion in Michigan and Financial Health, (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no.

25053, September 2018), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25053.pdf

795

The Ohio Department of Medicaid, 2018 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment: A Follow

‐

Up to the

2016 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment, (The Ohio Department of Medicaid, August 2018),

https://medicaid.ohio.gov/Portals/0/Resources/Reports/Annual/Group-VIII-Final-Report.pdf

796

Gracie Himmelstein, "Effect of the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansions on Food Security, 2010-

2016," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9 (September 2019): 1243-1248,

https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305168

797

Naomi Zewde and Christopher Wimer, “Antipoverty Impact Of Medicaid Growing With State

Expansions Over Time,” Health Affairs 38, no. 1 (January 2019),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05155

798

Sanders Korenman, Dahlia K. Remler, and Rosemary T. Hyson, "Medicaid Expansions and Poverty:

Comparing Supplemental and Health-Inclusive Poverty Measures," Social Service Review 93, no. 3

(September 2019): 429-483, https://doi.org/10.1086/705319

799

Naomi Zewde, Erica Eliason, Heidi Allen, and Tal Gross, "The Effects of the ACA Medicaid Expansion

on Nationwide Home Evictions and Eviction-Court Initiations: United States, 2000-2016," American

Journal of Public Health 109, no. 10 (October 2019): 1379-1383,

https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305230

800

Sarah Miller, Luojia Hu, Robert Kaestner, Bhashkar Mazumder, and Ashley Wong, The ACA Medicaid

Expansion in Michigan and Financial Health, (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no.

25053, September 2018), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25053.pdf

801

Luojia Hu, Robert Kaestenr, Bhashkar Mazumder, Sarah Miller, and Ashley Wong, “The Effect of the

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions on Financial Wellbeing,” Journal of Public Economics 163 (July

2018): 99-112, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047272718300707

802

Kenneth Brevoort, Daniel Grodzicki, and Martin Hackmann, Medicaid and Financial Health (National

Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 24002, November 2017),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w24002

803

Aaron Sojourner and Ezra Golberstein, “Medicaid Expansion Reduced Unpaid Medical Debt and

Increased Financial Satisfaction,” Health Affairs (July 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170724.061160/full/

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

804

Kyle Caswell and Timothy Waidmann, The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions and Personal

Finance (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, September 2017),

https://www.urban.org/research/publication/affordable-care-act-medicaid-expansions-and-personal-

finance

805

Sarah Miller, Luojia Hu, Robert Kaestner, Bhashkar Mazumder, and Ashley Wong, The ACA Medicaid

Expansion in Michigan and Financial Health, (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no.

25053, September 2018), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25053.pdf

806

Xuesong Han et al., "Changes in Noninsurance and Care Unaffordability Among Cancer Survivors

Following the Affordable Care Act," Journal of the National Cancer Institute Epub ahead of print

(November 2019), https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz218

807

Kevin Griffith, Leigh Evans, and Jacob Bor, “The Affordable Care Act Reduced Socioeconomic

Disparities in Health Care Access,” Health Affairs 36 no. 8 (August 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0083

808

Shiho Kino and Ichiro Kawachi, “The Impact Of ACA Medicaid Expansion On Socioeconomic

Inequality In Health Care Services Utilization,” PLoS ONE 13, no. 2 (December 2018),

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0209935

809

Susan Hayes, Sara Collins, David Radley, and Douglas McCarthy, What’s at Stake: States’ Progress

on Health Coverage and Access to Care, 2013-2016 (The Commonwealth Fund, December 2017),

http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/dec/states-progress-health-coverage-

and-access

810

Susan Hayes, Pamela Riley, David Radley, and Douglas McCarthy, Reducing Racial and Ethnic

Disparities in Access to Care: Has the Affordable Care Act Made a Difference? (The Commonwealth

Fund, August 2017), http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/aug/racial-ethnic-

disparities-care

811

Aaron Sojourner and Ezra Golberstein, “Medicaid Expansion Reduced Unpaid Medical Debt and

Increased Financial Satisfaction,” Health Affairs (July 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170724.061160/full/

812

Naomi Zewde, Erica Eliason, Heidi Allen, and Tal Gross, "The Effects of the ACA Medicaid Expansion

on Nationwide Home Evictions and Eviction-Court Initiations: United States, 2000-2016," American

Journal of Public Health 109, no. 10 (October 2019): 1379-1383,

https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305230

813

Jesse C. Baumgartner, Sara R. Collins, David C. Radley, and Susan L. Hayes, How the Affordable

Care Act Has Narrowed Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Health Care (The Commonwealth

Fund, January 2020), https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/2020/jan/how-ACA-narrowed-

racial-ethnic-disparities-access

814

A. Taylor Kelley, Renuka Tipirneni, and Helen Levy, "Changes in Veterans' Coverage and Access to

Care Following the Affordable Care Act, 2011-2017," American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9

(September 2019): 1233-1235, https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305160

815

Xuesong Han et al., "Changes in Noninsurance and Care Unaffordability Among Cancer Survivors

Following the Affordable Care Act," Journal of the National Cancer Institute Epub ahead of print

(November 2019), https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz218

816

Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen G. Levy, and Robert G. Valletta, Medicaid Expansion and the

Unemployed (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26553, December 2019),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w26553

817

Kevin N. Griffith, "Changes in Insurance Coverage and Access to Care for Young Adults in 2017,"

Journal of Adolescent Health Epub ahead of print (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.020

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

818

Jin Huang and Shirley L. Porterfield, "Changes in Health Insurance Coverage and Health Care Access

as Teens with Disabilities Transition to Adulthood," Disability and Health Journal 12, no. 4 (October

2019): 551-556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.06.009

819

Sanders Korenman, Dahlia K. Remler, and Rosemary T. Hyson, "Medicaid Expansions and Poverty:

Comparing Supplemental and Health-Inclusive Poverty Measures," Social Service Review 93, no. 3

(September 2019): 429-483, https://doi.org/10.1086/705319

820

Jean M. Abraham, Anne B. Royalty, and Coleman Drake, "The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on

Employer Provision of Health Insurance," International Journal of Health Economics and Management 19,

no. 3-4 (December 2019): 317-340, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-018-9256-x

821

Thomas Selden, Brandy Lipton, and Sandra Decker, “Medicaid Expansion and Marketplace Eligibility

Both Increased Coverage, With Trade-Offs in Access, Affordability,” Health Affairs 36 no. 12 (December

2017), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0830

822

Sarah Miller and Laura Wherry, “Health and Access to Care During the First 2 Years of the ACA

Medicaid Expansions,” The New England Journal of Medicine 376 no. 10 (March 2017),

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1612890

823

Joseph Benitez, Liza Creel, and J’Aime Jennings, “Kentucky’s Medicaid Expansion Showing Early

Promise on Coverage and Access to Care,” Health Affairs (February 2016),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2016/02/16/hlthaff.2015.1294

824

Laura Wherry and Sarah Miller, “Early Coverage, Access, Utilization, and Health Effects Associated

with the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions: A Quasi-experimental Study,” Annals of Internal

Medicine, Epub ahead of print (April 2016), http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2513980

825

Adele Shartzer, Sharon Long, and Nathaniel Anderson, “Access To Care and Affordability have

Improved Following Affordable Care Act Implementation; Problems Remain,” Health Affairs (December

2015), http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2015/12/14/hlthaff.2015.0755.full

826

Benjamin Sommers, Munira Gunja, Kenneth Finegold, and Thomas Musco, “Changes in Self-Reported

Insurance Coverage, Access to Care, and Health Under the Affordable Care Act,” The Journal of the

American Medical Association 314 no. 4 (July 2015): 366-374,

http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2411283&resultClick=3

827

Kenneth Brevoort, Daniel Grodzicki, and Martin Hackmann, Medicaid and Financial Health (National

Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 24002, November 2017),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w24002

828

Aaron Sojourner and Ezra Golberstein, “Medicaid Expansion Reduced Unpaid Medical Debt and

Increased Financial Satisfaction,” Health Affairs (July 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170724.061160/full/

829

Stacey McMorrow, Jason Gates, Sharon Long, and Genevieve Kenney, “Medicaid Expansion

Increased Coverage, Improved Affordability, and Reduced Psychological Distress for Low-Income

Parents,” Health Affairs 36 no. 5 (May 2017): 808-818,

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1650

830

Luojia Hu, Robert Kaestenr, Bhashkar Mazumder, Sarah Miller, and Ashley Wong, “The Effect of the

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions on Financial Wellbeing,” Journal of Public Economics 163 (July

2018): 99-112, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047272718300707

831

Hyunjung Lee and Frank Porell, “The Effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on

Disparities in Access to Care and Health Status,” Medical Care Research and Review epub ahead of print

(October 2018),

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077558718808709?rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&url_ver=

Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&journalCode=mcrd

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

832

Helen Levy, Thomas Buchmueller, and Sayeh Nikpay, “The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on

Household Consumption,” Eastern Economic Journal 45, no. 1 (January 2019): 34-57,

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41302-018-0124-7

833

Helen Levy et al., "Macroeconomic Feedback Effects of Medicaid Expansion: Evidence from

Michigan," Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law Epub ahead of print (October 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-7893555

834

James A. Richardson, Jared J. Llorens, and Roy L. Heidelberg. Medicaid Expansion and the Louisiana

Economy, 2018 and 2019 (Louisiana Department of Health, Prepared by Louisiana State University,

August 2019), http://ldh.la.gov/assets/media/3and4.2019FinalReportMedicaidExpansionstudy.pdf

835

James Richardson, Jared Llorens, and Roy Heidelberg, Medicaid Expansion and the Louisiana

Economy (Louisiana Department of Health, March 2018),

http://gov.louisiana.gov/assets/MedicaidExpansion/MedicaidExpansionStudy.pdf

836

Bryce Ward and Brandon Bridge, The Economic Impact of Medicaid Expansion in Montana: Updated

Findings (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, January 2019), https://mthcf.org/wp-

content/uploads/2019/01/Economic-Impact-of-MedEx-in-MT_1.28.19-FINAL.pdf

837

Manatt Health, Medicaid Expansion: How It Affects Montana’s State Budget, Economy, and Residents

(Montana Healthcare Foundation, prepared by Manatt Health, June 2018), https://mthcf.org/wp-

content/uploads/2018/06/Manatt-MedEx_FINAL_6.1.18.pdf

838

Mark Duggan, Atul Gupta, and Emilie Jackson, The Impact of the Affordable Care Act: Evidence from

California's Hospital Sector (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no. 25488, January

2019), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25488.pdf

839

Louisiana Department of Health, Medicaid Expansion 2016/17 (Baton Rouge, Louisiana Department of

Health, June 2017),

http://dhh.louisiana.gov/assets/HealthyLa/Resources/MdcdExpnAnnlRprt_2017_WEB.pdf

840

April Grady, Deborah Bachrach, and Patti Boozang, Medicaid’s Role in the Delivery and Payment of

Substance Use Disorder Services in Montana, (Manatt Health, March 2017), http://mthcf.org/wp-

content/uploads/2017/03/Medicaid-Role-in-Substance-Use-Disorder-Services-in-Montana_Final.pdf

841

The Colorado Health Foundation, Assessing the Economic and Budgetary Impact of Medicaid

Expansion in Colorado, (The Colorado Health Foundation, March 2016),

https://www.coloradohealth.org/sites/default/files/documents/2017-

01/Medicaid_ExecutiveSummary_ONLINE.pdf

842

Lee A. Reynis, Economic and Fiscal Impacts of the Medicaid Expansion in New Mexico, (The

University of New Mexico Bureau of Business and Economic Research, February 2016),

http://bber.unm.edu/media/publications/Medicaid_Expansion_Final2116R.pdf

843

Benjamin Sommers and Jonathan Gruber, “Federal Funding Insulated State Budgets From Increased

Spending Related To Medicaid Expansion,” Health Affairs epub ahead of print (April 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1666

844

Abby Evans, John Folkemer, Joel Menges, Amira Mouna, Nick Pantaleo, Emily Ricci, and Poornima

Sigh, Assessment of Medicaid Expansion and Reform, Initial Analysis (The Menges Group, January

2016), https://alaskamentalhealthtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/HandOut-

MedicaidExpansionAndReformInitialAnalysis-011516-TheMengesGroup.pdf

845

Chris Brown and John Bennett, Economic Impacts of the Arkansas Private Option (Regional Economic

Models, Inc., August 2015),

http://www.arkhospitals.org/Misc.%20Files/August2015APOEconomicImpacts.pdf

846

Deborah Bachrach, Patricia Boozang, Avi Herring, and Dori Glanz Reyneri, States Expanding

Medicaid See Significant Budget Savings and Revenue Gains, (Manatt Health Solutions, prepared by the

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s State Health Reform Assistance Network, March 2016),

http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2016/rwjf419097

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

847

Stan Dorn, Norton Francis, Laura Snyder, and Robin Rudowitz, The Effects of the Medicaid Expansion

on State Budgets: An Early Look in Select States (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and

the Uninsured, March 2015), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-effects-of-the-medicaid-expansion-on-

state-budgets-an-early-look-in-select-states/

848

Deloitte Development LLC, Commonwealth of Kentucky Medicaid Expansion Report, (Deloitte

Development LLC, February 2015), http://jointhehealthjourney.com/images/uploads/channel-

files/Kentucky_Medicaid_Expansion_One-Year_Study_FINAL.pdf

849

Robin Rudowitz, Laura Snyder, and Vernon K. Smith, Medicaid Enrollment and Spending Growth: FY

2015 & 2016 (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, October 2015),

https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-enrollment-spending-growth-fy-2015-2016/

850

Robin Rudowitz, Elizabeth Hinton, and Larisa Antonisse, Medicaid Enrollment and Spending Growth:

FY 2018 & 2019 (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, October 2018),

https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-enrollment-spending-growth-fy-2018-2019/

851

Robin Rudowitz, Elizabeth Hinton, Maria Diaz, Madeline Guth, and Marina Tian, Medicaid Enrollment

and Spending Growth: FY 2019 & 2020 (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, October 2019),

https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-enrollment-spending-growth-fy-2019-2020/

852

Micah Hartman et al., “National Health Care Spending in 2016: Spending and Enrollment Growth Slow

After Initial Coverage Expansions,” Health Affairs epub ahead of print (December 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1299

853

Jacqueline Fiore, The Impact of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion on Medicaid Spending

by Health Care Service Category (Tulane University, July 2017),

http://econ.tulane.edu/RePEc/pdf/tul1706.pdf

854

Vikki Wachino and Samantha Artiga, How Connecting Justice-Involved Individuals to Medicaid Can

Help Address the Opioid Epidemic (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, June 2019),

https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/how-connecting-justice-involved-individuals-to-medicaid-can-

help-address-the-opioid-epidemic/

855

Aaron McNay, Amy Watson, Barbara Wagner, and Chris Bradley, Montana Medicaid and Montana

Employers (Montana Department of Revenue and Montana Department of Labor & Industry, January

2019), http://lmi.mt.gov/Portals/193/Publications/LMI-Pubs/Special%20Reports%20and%20Studies/MT-

Medicaid_Report.pdf

856

Benjamin Sommers and Jonathan Gruber, “Federal Funding Insulated State Budgets From Increased

Spending Related To Medicaid Expansion,” Health Affairs epub ahead of print (April 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/04/10/hlthaff.2016.1666.full

857

Louisiana Department of Health, Medicaid Expansion 2016/17 (Baton Rouge, Louisiana Department of

Health, June 2017),

http://dhh.louisiana.gov/assets/HealthyLa/Resources/MdcdExpnAnnlRprt_2017_WEB.pdf

858

James Richardson, Jared Llorens, and Roy Heidelberg, Medicaid Expansion and the Louisiana

Economy (Louisiana Department of Health, March 2018),

http://gov.louisiana.gov/assets/MedicaidExpansion/MedicaidExpansionStudy.pdf

859

James A. Richardson, Jared J. Llorens, and Roy L. Heidelberg. Medicaid Expansion and the Louisiana

Economy, 2018 and 2019 (Louisiana Department of Health, Prepared by Louisiana State University,

August 2019), http://ldh.la.gov/assets/media/3and4.2019FinalReportMedicaidExpansionstudy.pdf

860

Manatt Health, Medicaid Expansion: How It Affects Montana’s State Budget, Economy, and Residents

(Montana Healthcare Foundation, prepared by Manatt Health, June 2018), https://mthcf.org/wp-

content/uploads/2018/06/Manatt-MedEx_FINAL_6.1.18.pdf

861

Aaron McNay, Amy Watson, Barbara Wagner, and Chris Bradley, Montana Medicaid and Montana

Employers (Montana Department of Revenue and Montana Department of Labor & Industry, January

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

2019), http://lmi.mt.gov/Portals/193/Publications/LMI-Pubs/Special%20Reports%20and%20Studies/MT-

Medicaid_Report.pdf

862

Helen Levy et al., "Macroeconomic Feedback Effects of Medicaid Expansion: Evidence from

Michigan," Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law Epub ahead of print (October 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-7893555

863

Qiwei He and Scott Barkowski, "The Effect of Health Insurance on Crime: Evidence from the

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion," Health Economics Epub ahead of print (January 2020): 261-

277, https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3977

864

Jesse M. Hinde et al., "Increasing Access to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Assessing State Policies

and the Evidence Behind Them," Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 80, no. 6 (November 2019):

693-697, https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2019.80.693

865

April Grady, Deborah Bachrach, and Patti Boozang, Medicaid’s Role in the Delivery and Payment of

Substance Use Disorder Services in Montana, (Manatt Health, March 2017), http://mthcf.org/wp-

content/uploads/2017/03/Medicaid-Role-in-Substance-Use-Disorder-Services-in-Montana_Final.pdf

866

Jacob Vogler, Access to Health Care and Criminal Behavior: Short-Run Evidence from the ACA

Medicaid Expansions (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, November 2017),

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3042267

867

Vikki Wachino and Samantha Artiga, How Connecting Justice-Involved Individuals to Medicaid Can

Help Address the Opioid Epidemic (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, June 2019),

https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/how-connecting-justice-involved-individuals-to-medicaid-can-

help-address-the-opioid-epidemic/

868

Deborah Bachrach, Patricia Boozang, Avi Herring, and Dori Glanz Reyneri, States Expanding

Medicaid See Significant Budget Savings and Revenue Gains, (Manatt Health Solutions, prepared by the

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s State Health Reform Assistance Network, March 2016),

http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2016/rwjf419097

869

Stan Dorn, Norton Francis, Laura Snyder, and Robin Rudowitz, The Effects of the Medicaid Expansion

on State Budgets: An Early Look in Select States (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and

the Uninsured, March 2015), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-effects-of-the-medicaid-expansion-on-

state-budgets-an-early-look-in-select-states/

870

Lee A. Reynis, Economic and Fiscal Impacts of the Medicaid Expansion in New Mexico, (The

University of New Mexico Bureau of Business and Economic Research, February 2016),

http://bber.unm.edu/media/publications/Medicaid_Expansion_Final2116R.pdf

871

Deloitte Development LLC, Commonwealth of Kentucky Medicaid Expansion Report, (Deloitte

Development LLC, February 2015), http://jointhehealthjourney.com/images/uploads/channel-

files/Kentucky_Medicaid_Expansion_One-Year_Study_FINAL.pdf

872

Abby Evans, John Folkemer, Joel Menges, Amira Mouna, Nick Pantaleo, Emily Ricci, and Poornima

Sigh, Assessment of Medicaid Expansion and Reform, Initial Analysis (The Menges Group, January

2016), https://alaskamentalhealthtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/HandOut-

MedicaidExpansionAndReformInitialAnalysis-011516-TheMengesGroup.pdf

873

Johanna Maclean and Brendan Saloner, “The Effect of Public Insurance Expansions on Substance

Use Disorder Treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act,” Journal of Policy Analysis and

Management 38, no. 2 (2019): 366-393, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30882195

874

Mark Duggan, Atul Gupta, and Emilie Jackson, The Impact of the Affordable Care Act: Evidence from

California's Hospital Sector (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no. 25488, January

2019), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25488.pdf

875

Amanda Abraham et al., “Changes in State Technical Assistance Priorities and Block Grant Funds for

Addiction After ACA Implementation,” American Journal of Public Health epub ahead of print (May 2019),

https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305052

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

876

Aparna Soni, Marguerite Burns, Laura Dague, and Kosali Simon, “Medicaid Expansion and State

Trends in Supplemental Security Income Program Participation,” Health Affairs 36 no. 8, (August 2017):

1485-1488, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/8/1485.full?sid=982b20c0-0a17-4dc4-a35a-

b0302d4ec289

877

Paul Jacobs, Genevieve Kenney, and Thomas Selden, “Newly Eligible Enrollees In Medicaid Spend

Less And Use Less Care Than Those Previously Eligible,” Health Affairs 36, no. 9 (September 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0252

878

David Lassman et al., “Health Spending by State 1991-2014: Measuring Per Capita Spending by

Payers and Programs,” Health Affairs epub ahead of print (June 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/06/13/hlthaff.2017.0416

879

Stephan R. Lindner et al., "Health Care Expenditures Among Adults With Diabetes After Oregon's

Medicaid Expansion," Diabetes Care Epub ahead of print (December 2019), https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-

1343

880

Laura Snyder, Katherine Young, Robin Rudowitz, and Rachel Garfield, Medicaid Expansion Spending

and Enrollment in Context: An Early Look at CMS Claims Data for 2014 (Washington, DC: Kaiser

Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, January 2016), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-

expansion-spending-and-enrollment-in-context-an-early-look-at-cms-claims-data-for-2014/

881

Heather Holderness et al., "Where Do Oregon Medicaid Enrollees Seek Outpatient Care Post-

Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion?," Medical Care 57, no. 10 (October 2019): 788-794,

https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000001189

882

Christian Wolfe, Kathryn Rennie, and Christopher Truffer, 2017 Actuarial Report on the Financial

Outlook for Medicaid (Office of the Actuary, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, September

2018), https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-

Systems/Research/ActuarialStudies/Downloads/MedicaidReport2017.pdf

883

The Colorado Health Institute, Medicaid Expansion in Colorado: An Analysis of Enrollment, Costs and

Benefits—and How They Exceeded Expectations (The Colorado Health Institute, May 2016),

http://www.coloradohealthinstitute.org/uploads/postfiles/MK_Expansion_Report.pdf

884

Pennsylvania Department of Human Services, Medicaid Expansion Report, (Pennsylvania Department

of Human Services, January 2017),

http://www.dhs.pa.gov/cs/groups/webcontent/documents/document/c_257436.pdf

885

Laura Snyder, Katherine Young, Robin Rudowitz, and Rachel Garfield, Medicaid Expansion Spending

and Enrollment in Context: An Early Look at CMS Claims Data for 2014 (Washington, DC: Kaiser

Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, January 2016), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-

expansion-spending-and-enrollment-in-context-an-early-look-at-cms-claims-data-for-2014/

886

Paul Jacobs, Genevieve Kenney, and Thomas Selden, “Newly Eligible Enrollees In Medicaid Spend

Less And Use Less Care Than Those Previously Eligible,” Health Affairs 36, no. 9 (September 2017),

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0252

887

David Lassman et al., “Health Spending by State 1991-2014: Measuring Per Capita Spending by

Payers and Programs,” Health Affairs epub ahead of print (June 2017),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/06/13/hlthaff.2017.0416

888

Aditi Sen and Thomas DeLeire, The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Marketplace Premiums (Office of

the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, August 2016),

https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/206761/McaidExpMktplcPrem.pdf

889

Aditi Sen and Thomas DeLeire, “How Does Expansion Of Public Health Insurance Affect Risk Pools

And Premiums In The Market For Private Health Insurance? Evidence From Medicaid And The Affordable

Care Act Marketplaces,” Health Economics 27 (July 2018): 1877–1903,

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hec.3809

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

890

Ashley Semanskee, Cynthia Cox, and Larry Levitt, Data Note: Effect of State Decisions on State Risk

Scores (Kaiser Family Foundation, October 2016), https://www.kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/data-note-

effect-of-state-decisions-on-state-risk-scores/

891

Jocelyn Guyer, Naomi Shine, MaryBeth Musumeci, and Robin Rudowitz, A Look at the Private Option

in Arkansas (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, August 2015),

http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/a-look-at-the-private-option-in-arkansas/

892

Bela Gorman and Jenn Smagula, 2016 Actuarial Analysis of NH Premium Assistance Program,

(Gorman Actuarial, Inc., August 2017), https://www.nh.gov/insurance/reports/documents/08-28-17-ga-nh-

pap-analysis-final.pdf

893

Hefei Wen, Kenton J. Johnston, Lindsay Allen, and Teresa M. Waters, "Medicaid Expansion

Associated With Reductions In Preventable Hospitalizations," Health Affairs 38, no. 11 (November 2019):

1845-1849, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00483

894

Alexander T. Janke, Shooshan Danagoulian, Arjun K. Venkatesh, and Phillip D. Levy, "Medicaid

Expansion and Resource Utilization in the Emergency Department," The American Journal of Emergency

Medicine Epub ahead of print (January 2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.12.050

895

Hawazin W. Elani, Ichiro Kawachi, and Benjamin D. Sommers, "Changes in Emergency Department

Dental Visits after Medicaid Expansion," Health Services Research Epub ahead of print (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13261

896

Emanuel Eguia et al., "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Vascular

Surgery," Annals of Vascular Surgery Epub ahead of print (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2020.01.006

897

Mark Clapp et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Coverage and Access to Care for

Pregnant Women," Obstetrics & Gynecology 134, no. 5 (November 2019): 1066-1074,

https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000003501

898

Charles A. Daly et al., "The Effects of Medicaid Expansion on Triage and Regional Transfer After

Upper-Extremity Trauma," The Journal of Hand Surgery 44, no. 9 (September 2019): 720-727,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.05.020

899

John Scott et al., "Lifting the Burden: State Medicaid Expansion Reduces Financial Risk for the

Injured," Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Epub ahead of print (September 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002493

900

Craig Garthwaite et al., All Medicaid Expansions Are Not Created Equal: The Geography and

Targeting of the Affordable Care Act (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26289,

September 2019), http://www.nber.org/papers/w26289

901

Shannon McConville, Maria Raven, Sarah Sabbagh, and Renee Hsia, “Frequent Emergency

Department Users: A Statewide Comparison Before And After Affordable Care Act Implementation,”

Health Affairs 37, no. 6, (June 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0784

902

Rahul Ladhania, Amelia Haviland, Arvind Venkat, Rahul Telang, and Jesse Pines, “The Effect of

Medicaid Expansion on the Nature of New Enrollees’ Emergency Department Use,” Medical Care

Research and Review epub ahead of print (May 2019),

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077558719848270

903

Beatrice D. Probst, Luther Walls, Michael Cirone, and Talar Markossian, "Examining the Effect of the

Affordable Care Act on Two Illinois Emergency Departments," Western Journal of Emergency Medicine:

Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health 20, no. 5 (September 2019): 710-716,

https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.6.41943

904

Kurt Gillis, Physicians’ Patient Mix – A Snapshot from the 2016 Benchmark Survey and Changes

Associated with the ACA (American Medical Association, October 2017), https://www.ama-

assn.org/sites/default/files/media-browser/public/health-policy/PRP-2017-physician-benchmark-survey-

patient-mix.pdf

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

905

Seth Freedman, Sayeh Nikpay, Aaron Carroll, and Kosali Simon, “Changes in inpatient payer-mix and

hospitalizations following Medicaid expansion: Evidence from all-capture hospital discharge data,” PLoS

ONE 12 no. 9 (September 2017),

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183616

906

Allen Dobson, Joan DaVanzo, Randy Haught, and Phap Hoa Luu, Comparing the Affordable Care

Act’s Financial Impact on Safety-Net Hospitals in States that Expanded Medicaid and Those That Did Not

(The Commonwealth Fund, November 2017),

http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/issue-

brief/2017/nov/dobson_impact_medicaid_expanion_safety_net_hosps_ib.pdf

907

Richard Lindrooth, Marcelo Perraillon, Rose Hardy, and Gregory Tung, “Understanding the

Relationship Between Medicaid Expansions and Hospital Closures,” Health Affairs epub ahead of print

(January 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0976

908

Heather Angier et al., “Uninsured Primary Care Visit Disparities under the Affordable Care Act,” Annals

of Family Medicine, 15 no. 5 (September 2017): 434-442,

http://www.annfammed.org/content/15/5/434.full.pdf+html

909

Andrew Loehrer et al., “Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion with Access to and

Quality of Care for Surgical Conditions,” Journal of the American Medical Association Surgery, epub

ahead of print (January 2018), https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2670459?redirect=true

910

Sayeh Nikpay, Seth Freedman, Helen Levy, and Tom Buchmueller, “Effect of the Affordable Care Act

Medicaid Expansion on Emergency Department Visits: Evidence From State-Level Emergency

Department Databases,” Annals of Emergency Medicine 70, no.2 (August 2017),

http://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(17)30319-0/pdf

911

Johanna Maclean and Brendan Saloner, “The Effect of Public Insurance Expansions on Substance

Use Disorder Treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act,” Journal of Policy Analysis and

Management 38, no. 2 (2019): 366-393, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30882195

912

Monique Barakat et al., “Affordable Care Act and Healthcare Delivery: A Comparison of California and

Florida Hospitals and Emergency Departments,” PLoS ONE 12 no. 8 (August 2017),

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0182346

913

Eili Klein et al., “The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Utilization in Maryland Emergency

Departments,” Annals of Emergency Medicine epub ahead of print (June 2017),

http://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(17)30784-9/pdf

914

Aabha Sharma, Scott Dresden, Emilie Powell, Raymond Kang, Joe Feinglass, “Emergency

Department Visits and Hospitalizations for the Uninsured in Illinois Before and After Affordable Care Act

Insurance Expansion,” Journal of Community Health 42 no. 3 (June 2017): 591-597,

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10900-016-0293-4

915

Vivian Wu et al., “Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act Coverage Expansion on Safety-Net Hospital

Inpatient Payer Mix and Market Shares,” Health Services Research (January 2018),

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.12812/full

916

David Dranove, Craig Garthwaite, and Christopher Ody, The Impact of the ACA’s Medicaid Expansion

on Hospitals’ Uncompensated Care Burden and the Potential Effects of Repeal, (The Commonwealth

Fund, May 2017), http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/may/aca-medicaid-

expansion-hospital-uncompensated-care

917

Fredric Blavin, How Has the ACA Changed Finances for Different Types of Hospitals? Updated

Insights from 2015 Cost Report Data (The Urban Institute, April 2017),

http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2017/rwjf436310

918

Craig Garthwaite, Tal Gross, Matthew Notowidigdo, and John Graves, “Insurance Expansion and

Hospital Emergency Department Access: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act,” Annals of Internal

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

Medicine 166 no. 3 (February 2017): 172-179, http://annals.org/aim/article/2593599/insurance-expansion-

hospital-emergency-department-access-evidence-from-affordable-care

919

Nathalie Huguet et al., “Medicaid Expansion Produces Long-Term Impact on Insurance Coverage

Rates in Community Health Centers,” Journal of Primary Care & Community Health epub ahead of print

(May 2017), http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2150131917709403

920

Susan Camilleri, “The ACA Medicaid Expansion, Disproportionate Share Hospitals, and

Uncompensated Care” Health Services Research epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.12702/abstract

921

Natalia Chalmers, Jane Grover, and Rob Compton, “After Medicaid Expansion in Kentucky, Use of

Hospital Emergency Departments for Dental Conditions Increased,” Health Affairs 35, no. 12 (December

2016), http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/12/2268.full#xref-ref-32-1

922

Arkansas Health Reform Legislative Task Force, Health Care Task Force Preliminary Report,

(Arkansas Health Reform Legislative Task Force, December 2015),

http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2015/Meeting%20Attachments/836/I14218/Task%20Force%20rep

ort%2012-17-15%20sent%20to%20Jill.pdf

923

Arkansas Hospital Association, “Survey Reveals Private Option Impact on Hospitals,” The Notebook

21, no. 33 (November 2014), http://www.arkhospitals.org/archive/notebookpdf/Notebook_11-03-14.pdf

924

Mary Anderson, Jeffrey Glasheen, and Debra Anoff, “Impact of State Medicaid Expansion Status on

Length of Stay and In-Hospital Mortality for General Medicine Patients at US Academic Medical Centers,”

Journal of Hospital Medicine Epub ahead of print (August 2016),

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/jhm.2649/citedby

925

The University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, The Healthy Michigan Plan:

2015 Report on Uncompensated Care and Insurance Rates (The University of Michigan Institute for

Healthcare Policy & Innovation, prepared for the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services

and the Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services, December 2016),

http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdhhs/2015_Report_on_Uncompensated_Care_and_Insurance_Ra

tes-HMP_547720_7.pdf

926

Laurie Felland, Peter Cunningham, Annie Doubleday, and Cannon Warren, Effects of the Affordable

Care Act on Safety Net Hospitals (Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research, prepared for the

Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, November 2016),

https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/255491/SafetyNetHospital.pdf

927

Sayeh Nikpay, Thomas Buchmueller, and Helen Levy. “Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion

Reduced Uninsured Hospital Stays in 2014,” Health Affairs 35, no.1 (January 2016): 106-110,

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/106.full

928

Fred Hellinger, “In Four ACA Expansion States, The Percentage of Uninsured Hospitalizations for

People With HIV Declined, 2012-14,” Health Affairs 34, no. 12 (December 2015): 2061-2068,

http://search.proquest.com/docview/1749932806/627DA95CDEA44BE7PQ/77?accountid=39486#

929

Deborah Bachrach, Patricia Boozang, and Mindy Lipson, The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on

Uncompensated Care Costs: Early Results and Policy Implications for States, (Manatt Health Solutions,

prepared by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s State Health Reform Assistance Network, June

2015), https://www.manatt.com/uploadedFiles/Content/5_Insights/White_Papers/State-Network-Manatt-

Impact-of-Medicaid-Expansion-on-Uncompensated-Care-Costs-June-2015.pdf

930

Peter Cunningham, Rachel Garfield, and Robin Rudowitz, How Are Hospitals Faring Under the

Affordable Care Act? Early Experiences from Ascension Health (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on

Medicaid and the Uninsured, April 2015), http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/how-are-hospitals-faring-

under-the-affordable-care-act-early-experiences-from-ascension-health/

931

Thomas DeLeire, Karen Joynt, and Ruth McDonald, Impact of Insurance Expansion on Hospital

Uncompensated Care Costs in 2014 (Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation,

September 2014), https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/77061/ib_UncompensatedCare.pdf

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

932

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Health Research Institute, Medicaid 2.0: Health System Haves and

Have Nots (PwC Health Research Institute, September 2014), http://www.pwc.com/us/en/health-

industries/health-research-institute/assets/pwc-hri-medicaid-report-final.pdf

933

Colorado Hospital Association, Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Hospital Volumes (Colorado Hospital

Association Center for Health Information and Data Analytics, June 2014),

http://www.cha.com/documents/press-releases/cha-medicaid-expansion-study-june-2014.aspx

934

Fredric Blavin, “Association Between the 2014 Medicaid Expansion and US Hospital Finances,” The

Journal of the American Medical Association 316 no. 14 (October 2016): 1475-1483,

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2565750

935

David Dranove, Craig Garthwaite, and Christopher Ody, “Uncompensated Care Decreased At

Hospitals In Medicaid Expansion States But Not At Hospitals In Nonexpansion States,” Health Affairs 35

no. 8 (August 2016): 1471-1479, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/8/1471.full

936

Peter Cunningham, Robin Rudowitz, Katherine Young, Rachel Garfield, and Julia Foutz,

Understanding Medicaid Hospital Payments and the Impact of Recent Policy Changes (Washington, DC:

Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, June 2016), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-

brief/understanding-medicaid-hospital-payments-and-the-impact-of-recent-policy-changes/

937

Christine Jones, Serena Scott, Debra Anoff, Read Pierce, and Jeffrey Glasheen, “Changes in Payer

Mix and Physician Reimbursement After the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid Expansion,” Inquiry: The

Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 52 (August 2015),

http://inq.sagepub.com/content/52/0046958015602464.full

938

Nadia Laniado, Avery R. Brow, Eric Tranby, and Victor M. Badner, "Trends in Non-Traumatic Dental

Emergency Department Use in New York and New Jersey: A Look at Medicaid Expansion from Both

Sides of the Hudson River," Journal of Public Health Dentistry Epub ahead of print (October 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12343

939

Deloitte Development LLC, Commonwealth of Kentucky Medicaid Expansion Report, (Deloitte

Development LLC, February 2015), http://jointhehealthjourney.com/images/uploads/channel-

files/Kentucky_Medicaid_Expansion_One-Year_Study_FINAL.pdf

940

Robin Rudowitz and Rachel Garfield, New Analysis Shows States with Medicaid Expansion

Experienced Declines in Uninsured Hospital Discharges (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on

Medicaid and the Uninsured, September 2015), http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/new-analysis-

shows-states-with-medicaid-expansion-experienced-declines-in-uninsured-hospital-discharges/

941

Jordan Rhodes, Thomas Buchmueller, Helen Levy, and Sayeh Nikpay, “Heterogeneous Effects Of The

Aca Medicaid Expansion On Hospital Financial Outcomes,” Contemporary Economic Policy epub ahead

of print (April 2019), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/coep.12428

942

Gary Young, Stephen Flaherty, E. Zepeda, Simone Singh, and Sara Rosenbaum, “Impact of ACA

Medicaid Expansion on Hospitals’ Financial Status” Journal of Healthcare Management 64, no. 2 (March

2019): 91–102, https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00115514-201904000-00007

943

Nathalie Huguet et al., “The Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Visit

Rates for Diabetes in Safety Net Health Centers,” Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 31,

no. 6 (November 2018): 905-916, https://www.jabfm.org/content/31/6/905.full

944

Susan Dorr Goold et al., “Primary Care Clinicians’ Views About the Impact of Medicaid Expansion in

Michigan: A Mixed Methods Study,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 33, no. 8 (June 2018): 1307-

1316, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-018-4487-6

945

Pennsylvania Department of Human Services, Medicaid Expansion Report, (Pennsylvania Department

of Human Services, January 2017),

http://www.dhs.pa.gov/cs/groups/webcontent/documents/document/c_257436.pdf

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

946

Megan Cole, Brad Wright, Ira Wilson, Omar Gallarraga, and Amal Trivedi, “Medicaid Expansion And

Community Health Centers: Care Quality And Service Use Increased For Rural Patients” Health Affairs

37, no. 6 (June 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1542

947

Mark Duggan, Atul Gupta, and Emilie Jackson, The Impact of the Affordable Care Act: Evidence from

California's Hospital Sector (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no. 25488, January

2019), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25488.pdf

948

Sara Rosenbaum, Jennifer Tolbert, Jessica Sharac, Peter Shin, Rachel Gunsalus, and Julia Zur,

Community Health Centers: Growing Importance in a Changing Health Care System (Washington, DC:

Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2018), https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/community-health-

centers-growing-importance-in-a-changing-health-care-system/

949

Michel Boudreaux, Yoon Choi, Liyang Xie, and Daniel Marthey, “Medicaid Expansion at Title X Clinics:

Client Volume, Payer Mix, and Contraceptive Method Type,” Medical Care epub ahead of print (April

2019), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30973473

950

Christina Andrews et al., “Medicaid Coverage In Substance Use Disorder Treatment After The

Affordable Care Act,” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment epub ahead of print (April 2019),

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740547218305750

951

Jesse Pines, Rahul Ladhania BTech, Bernard Black , Christopher Corbit, Jestin Carlson, and Arvind

Venkat, “Changes in Reimbursement to Emergency Physicians After Medicaid Expansion Under the

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,” Annals of Emergency Medicine 73, no. 3 (March 2019): 213-

224, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019606441831374X

952

Heather Angier et al., “Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health Insurance and Differences in Visit Type for a

Population of Patients with Diabetes after Medicaid Expansion” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and

Underserved 30, no.1, (March 2019) 116–130: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6429963/

953

Gary Pickens et al., “Changes In Hospital Service Demand, Cost, And Patient Illness Severity

Following Health Reform,” Health Services Research (May 2019), https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-

6773.13165

954

Neal Bhutiani, Brian Harbrecht, Charles Scoggins, and Matthew Bozeman, “Evaluating The Early

Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Trends In Diagnosis And Treatment Of Benign Gallbladder Disease In

Kentucky,” The American Journal of Surgery (January 2019),

https://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(18)30894-8/fulltext

955

Brendan Saloner, Sachini Bandara, Emma McGinty, and Colleen Barry, “Justice-Involved Adults With

Substance Use Disorders: Coverage Increased but Rates of Treatment Did Not in 2014,” Health Affairs

35 no. 6 (June 2016), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0005

956

Brendan Saloner, Sachini Bandara, Emma McGinty, and Colleen Barry, “Justice-Involved Adults With

Substance Use Disorders: Coverage Increased but Rates of Treatment Did Not in 2014,” Health Affairs

35 no. 6 (June 2016), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0005

957

Ehimare Akhabue, Lindsay Pool, Clyde Yancy, Philip Greenland, and Donald Lloyd-Jones,

“Association of State Medicaid Expansion With Rate of Uninsured Hospitalizations for Major

Cardiovascular Events, 2009-2014,” JAMA Network Open 1, no. 4 (August 2018),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/article-abstract/2698077

958

Manzilat Akande Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, and Jennifer Cooper, “Association of

Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With Outcomes and Access to Rehabilitation in

Young Adult Trauma Patients,” JAMA Surgery 153, no. 8 (August 2018),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2682872?widget=personalizedcontent&previousarticle=2719270

959

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Impact of Affordable Care Act Insurance Expansion on Pre-Hospital Access to

Care: Changes in Adult Perforated Appendix Admission Rates after Medicaid Expansion and the

Dependent Coverage Provision,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 228, no. 1 (January 2019):

29-43, https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(18)32078-7/fulltext

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

960

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion With Access to Rehabilitative Care in Adult

Trauma Patients,” JAMA Surgery epub ahead of print (January 2019),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2719270?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm

_content=jamasurg.2018.5177

961

Rishi Wadhera et al., “Association of State Medicaid Expansion With Quality of Care and Outcomes for

Low-Income Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction,” JAMA Cardiology 4, no. 2 (January

2019): 120-127, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-

abstract/2720425?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm

_content=jamacardio.2018.4577

962

Angelica Meinhofer and Allison Witman, “The Role Of Health Insurance On Treatment For Opioid Use

Disorders: Evidence From The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion,” Journal of Health Economics 60

(June 2018): 177-197, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629617311530

963

Favel Mondesir et al., “Medicaid Expansion and Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care–Sensitive

Conditions Among Nonelderly Adults With Diabetes,” Journal of Ambulatory Care Management epub

ahead of print (May 2019), https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=31107800

964

Xinxin Han, Quian Luo, and Leighton Ku, “Medicaid Expansion and Grant Funding Increases Helped

Improve Community Health Center Capacity,” Health Affairs 36 no. 1 (January 2017): 49-56,

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/1/49.full?sid=a3089120-6f4b-428b-bba8-5f005b444e19

965

Josh Gray, Iyue Sung, and Stewart Richardson, Observations on the Affordable Care Act: 2014

(athenaResearch and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ACA View Report, February 2015),

http://www.athenahealth.com/~/media/athenaweb/files/pdf/acaview_year_end_2014.pdf

966

Gary Pickens et al., “Changes in Hospital Inpatient Utilization Following Health Care Reform,” Health

Services Research epub ahead of print (June 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28664983

967

Megan Hoopes, Heather Angier, Rachel Gold, Steffani Bailey, Nathalie Huguet, Miguel Marino, and

Jennifer DeVoe, “Utilization of Community Health Centers in Medicaid Expansion and Nonexpansion

States, 2013-2014,” Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 39 no. 4 (October 2016): 290-298,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26765808

968

Peter Shin, Jessica Sharac, Julia Zur, Sara Rosenbaum, and Julia Paradise, Health Center Patient

Trends, Enrollment Activities, and Service Capacity: Recent Experience in Medicaid Expansion and Non-

Expansion States (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, December

2015), http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/health-center-patient-trends-enrollment-activities-and-service-

capacity-recent-experience-in-medicaid-expansion-and-non-expansion-states/

969

Steven Wallace, Maria-Elena Young, Michael Rodriguez, Amy Bonilla, and Nadereh Pourat,

Community Health Centers Play a Critical Role in Caring for the Remaining Uninsured in the Affordable

Care Act Era (UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, October 2016),

http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2016/FQHC_PB-oct2016.pdf

970

Jesse M. Pines, Mark Zocchi, Ali Moghtaderi, Bernard Black, Steven A. Farmer, Greg Hufstetler, Kevin

Klauer and Randy Pilgrim, “Medicaid Expansion In 2014 Did Not Increase Emergency Department Use

But Did Change Insurance Payer Mix,” Health Affairs 35, no. 8 (August 2016),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/8/1480.full

971

Mathew Davis, Achamyeleh Gebremariam, John Ayanian, “Changes in Insurance Coverage Among

Hospitalized Nonelderly Adults After Medicaid Expansion in Michigan,” The Journal of the American

Medical Association 315 no. 23 (June 2016): 2617-2618,

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2529615

972

Brystana Kaufman, Kristin Reiter, George Pink, and George Holmes, “Medicaid Expansion Affects

Rural and Urban Hospitals Differently,” Health Affairs 35 no. 9 (September 2016): 1665-1672,

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/9/1665.full?sid=4aea494e-8e02-4c66-8298-3c828bfc313b

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

973

Eric Charles et al., “Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Cardiac Surgery Volume and Outcomes,” The

Annals of Thoracic Surgery (June 2017), http://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-

4975(17)30552-0/pdf

974

Megan Cole, Omar Galarraga, Ira Wilson, Brad Wright, and Amal Trivedi, “At Federally Funded Health

Centers, Medicaid Expansion was Associated with Improved Quality of Care,” Health Affairs 36 no. 1

(January 2017): 40-48, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/1/40.full?sid=a3089120-6f4b-428b-

bba8-5f005b444e19

975

Stephen Berry et al., “Healthcare Coverage for HIV Provider Visits before and after Implementation of

the Affordable Care Act,” Clinical Infectious Diseases, (May 2016),

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27143660

976

Ramiro Manzano-Nunez et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion Policy with Outcomes in Homeless

Patients Requiring Emergency General Surgery,” World Journal of Surgery 43, no. 6 (June 2019): 1483-

1489, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00268-019-04932-0

977

Craig Garthwaite et al., All Medicaid Expansions Are Not Created Equal: The Geography and

Targeting of the Affordable Care Act (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26289,

September 2019), http://www.nber.org/papers/w26289

978

Alexander T. Janke, Shooshan Danagoulian, Arjun K. Venkatesh, and Phillip D. Levy, "Medicaid

Expansion and Resource Utilization in the Emergency Department," The American Journal of Emergency

Medicine Epub ahead of print (January 2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.12.050

979

Hawazin W. Elani, Ichiro Kawachi, and Benjamin D. Sommers, "Changes in Emergency Department

Dental Visits after Medicaid Expansion," Health Services Research Epub ahead of print (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13261

980

Beatrice D. Probst, Luther Walls, Michael Cirone, and Talar Markossian, "Examining the Effect of the

Affordable Care Act on Two Illinois Emergency Departments," Western Journal of Emergency Medicine:

Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health 20, no. 5 (September 2019): 710-716,

https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.6.41943

981

Shannon McConville, Maria Raven, Sarah Sabbagh, and Renee Hsia, “Frequent Emergency

Department Users: A Statewide Comparison Before And After Affordable Care Act Implementation,”

Health Affairs 37, no. 6, (June 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0784

982

Sayeh Nikpay, Seth Freedman, Helen Levy, and Tom Buchmueller, “Effect of the Affordable Care Act

Medicaid Expansion on Emergency Department Visits: Evidence From State-Level Emergency

Department Databases,” Annals of Emergency Medicine 70, no.2 (August 2017),

http://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(17)30319-0/pdf

983

Monique Barakat et al., “Affordable Care Act and Healthcare Delivery: A Comparison of California and

Florida Hospitals and Emergency Departments,” PLoS ONE 12 no. 8 (August 2017),

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0182346

984

Rahul Ladhania, Amelia Haviland, Arvind Venkat, Rahul Telang, and Jesse Pines, “The Effect of

Medicaid Expansion on the Nature of New Enrollees’ Emergency Department Use,” Medical Care

Research and Review epub ahead of print (May 2019),

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077558719848270

985

Jesse M. Pines, Mark Zocchi, Ali Moghtaderi, Bernard Black, Steven A. Farmer, Greg Hufstetler, Kevin

Klauer and Randy Pilgrim, “Medicaid Expansion In 2014 Did Not Increase Emergency Department Use

But Did Change Insurance Payer Mix,” Health Affairs 35, no. 8 (August 2016),

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/8/1480.full

986

Craig Garthwaite, Tal Gross, Matthew Notowidigdo, and John Graves, “Insurance Expansion and

Hospital Emergency Department Access: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act,” Annals of Internal

Medicine 166 no. 3 (February 2017): 172-179, http://annals.org/aim/article/2593599/insurance-expansion-

hospital-emergency-department-access-evidence-from-affordable-care

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

987

Eili Klein et al., “The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Utilization in Maryland Emergency

Departments,” Annals of Emergency Medicine epub ahead of print (June 2017),

http://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(17)30784-9/pdf

988

Aabha Sharma, Scott Dresden, Emilie Powell, Raymond Kang, Joe Feinglass, “Emergency

Department Visits and Hospitalizations for the Uninsured in Illinois Before and After Affordable Care Act

Insurance Expansion,” Journal of Community Health 42 no. 3 (June 2017): 591-597,

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10900-016-0293-4

989

Gary Pickens et al., “Changes In Hospital Service Demand, Cost, And Patient Illness Severity

Following Health Reform,” Health Services Research (May 2019), https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-

6773.13165

990

Jesse Pines, Rahul Ladhania BTech, Bernard Black , Christopher Corbit, Jestin Carlson, and Arvind

Venkat, “Changes in Reimbursement to Emergency Physicians After Medicaid Expansion Under the

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,” Annals of Emergency Medicine 73, no. 3 (March 2019): 213-

224, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019606441831374X

991

Johanna Maclean and Brendan Saloner, “The Effect of Public Insurance Expansions on Substance

Use Disorder Treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act,” Journal of Policy Analysis and

Management 38, no. 2 (2019): 366-393, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30882195

992

Christina Andrews et al., “Medicaid Coverage In Substance Use Disorder Treatment After The

Affordable Care Act,” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment epub ahead of print (April 2019),

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740547218305750

993

Ramin Mojtabai, Christine Mauro, Melanie Wall, Colleen Barry, and Mark Olfson, “The Affordable Care

Act and Opioid Agonist Therapy for Opioid Use Disorder,” Psychiatry Online (April 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201900025

994

Angelica Meinhofer and Allison Witman, “The Role Of Health Insurance On Treatment For Opioid Use

Disorders: Evidence From The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion,” Journal of Health Economics 60

(June 2018): 177-197, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629617311530

995

Brendan Saloner, Sachini Bandara, Emma McGinty, and Colleen Barry, “Justice-Involved Adults With

Substance Use Disorders: Coverage Increased but Rates of Treatment Did Not in 2014,” Health Affairs

35 no. 6 (June 2016), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0005

996

Mark Clapp et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Coverage and Access to Care for

Pregnant Women," Obstetrics & Gynecology 134, no. 5 (November 2019): 1066-1074,

https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000003501

997

Rishi Wadhera et al., “Association of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion With Care Quality

and Outcomes for Low-Income Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure,” Circulation: Cardiovascular

Quality and Outcomes 11, no. 7 (June 2018),

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004729

998

Emanuel Eguia et al., "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Vascular

Surgery," Annals of Vascular Surgery Epub ahead of print (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2020.01.006

999

Donald Likosky, Devraj Sukul, Milan Seth, Chang He, Hitlander Gurm, and Richard Prager, “The

Association Between Medicaid Expansion and Cardiovascular Interventions: The Michigan Experience,”

Journal of the American College of Cardiology 71, no. 9 (March 2018): 1050-1051,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718300056?via%3Dihub

1000

Rishi Wadhera et al., “Association of State Medicaid Expansion With Quality of Care and Outcomes

for Low-Income Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction,” JAMA Cardiology 4, no. 2

(January 2019): 120-127, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-

abstract/2720425?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm

_content=jamacardio.2018.4577

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

1001

Andrew Crocker et al., “Expansion Coverage And Preferential Utilization Of Cancer Surgery Among

Racial And Ethnic Minorities And Low-Income Groups,” Surgery epub ahead of print (June 2019),

https://www.surgjournal.com/article/S0039-6060(19)30198-9/fulltext

1002

Ehimare Akhabue, Lindsay Pool, Clyde Yancy, Philip Greenland, and Donald Lloyd-Jones,

“Association of State Medicaid Expansion With Rate of Uninsured Hospitalizations for Major

Cardiovascular Events, 2009-2014,” JAMA Network Open 1, no. 4 (August 2018),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/article-abstract/2698077

1003

Favel Mondesir et al., “Medicaid Expansion and Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care–Sensitive

Conditions Among Nonelderly Adults With Diabetes,” Journal of Ambulatory Care Management epub

ahead of print (May 2019), https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=31107800

1004

Andrew Loehrer et al., “Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion with Access to

and Quality of Care for Surgical Conditions,” Journal of the American Medical Association Surgery, epub

ahead of print (January 2018), https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2670459?redirect=true

1005

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Impact of Affordable Care Act Insurance Expansion on Pre-Hospital Access to

Care: Changes in Adult Perforated Appendix Admission Rates after Medicaid Expansion and the

Dependent Coverage Provision,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 228, no. 1 (January 2019):

29-43, https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(18)32078-7/fulltext

1006

Andrew Admon, Michael Sjoding, Sarah Lyon, John Ayanian, Theodore Iwashyna, and Colin Cooke,

“Medicaid Expansion and Mechanical Ventilation in Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and

Heart Failure,” Annals of the American Thoracic Society epub ahead of print (February 2019),

https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201811-777OC

1007

John Scott et al., "Lifting the Burden: State Medicaid Expansion Reduces Financial Risk for the

Injured," Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Epub ahead of print (September 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002493

1008

Charles A. Daly et al., "The Effects of Medicaid Expansion on Triage and Regional Transfer After

Upper-Extremity Trauma," The Journal of Hand Surgery 44, no. 9 (September 2019): 720-727,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.05.020

1009

Cheryl Zogg et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion With Access to Rehabilitative Care in Adult

Trauma Patients,” JAMA Surgery epub ahead of print (January 2019),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2719270?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm

_content=jamasurg.2018.5177

1010

Manzilat Akande Peter Minneci, Katherine Deans, Henry Xiang, and Jennifer Cooper, “Association of

Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With Outcomes and Access to Rehabilitation in

Young Adult Trauma Patients,” JAMA Surgery 153, no. 8 (August 2018),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-

abstract/2682872?widget=personalizedcontent&previousarticle=2719270

1011

Neal Bhutiani, Brian Harbrecht, Charles Scoggins, and Matthew Bozeman, “Evaluating The Early

Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Trends In Diagnosis And Treatment Of Benign Gallbladder Disease In

Kentucky,” The American Journal of Surgery (January 2019),

https://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(18)30894-8/fulltext

1012

Emanuel Eguia et al., “Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Cancer

Admissions and Surgeries,” Annals of Surgery 268, no. 4 (October 2018): 584-590,

https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/2018/10000/Impact_of_the_Affordable_Care_Act__AC

A__Medicaid.6.aspx

1013

J.W. Awori Hayanga et al., “Lung Transplantation and Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion in the

Era of Lung Allocation Score” Transplant International epub ahead of print (February 2019),

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/tri.13420

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

1014

Meera Harhay et al., “Association between Medicaid Expansion under the Affordable Care Act and

Preemptive Listings for Kidney Transplantation,” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

13 (July 2018), https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/13/7/1069

1015

Meera N. Harhay, Ryan M. McKenna, and Michael O. Harhay, "Association Between Medicaid

Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid-Covered Pre-emptive Kidney Transplantation,"

Journal of General Internal Medicine 34, no. 11 (November 2019): 2322-2325,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05279-x

1016

Dmitry Tumin et al., “Medicaid Participation among Liver Transplant Candidates after the Affordable

Care Act Medicaid Expansion” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 225, no. 2 (August 2017):

173-180.e2, https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(17)30454-4/fulltext

1017

Dmitry Tumin, Don Hayes Jr., Kenneth Washburn, Joseph Tobias, and Sylvester Black, “Medicaid

Enrollment after Liver Transplantation: Effects of Medicaid Expansion,” Liver Transplantation (May 2016),

https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lt.24480

1018

Ramiro Manzano-Nunez et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion Policy with Outcomes in

Homeless Patients Requiring Emergency General Surgery,” World Journal of Surgery 43, no. 6 (June

2019): 1483-1489, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00268-019-04932-0

1019

Susan Camilleri, “The ACA Medicaid Expansion, Disproportionate Share Hospitals, and

Uncompensated Care” Health Services Research epub ahead of print (May 2017),

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.12702/abstract

1020

Jordan Rhodes, Thomas Buchmueller, Helen Levy, and Sayeh Nikpay, “Heterogeneous Effects Of

The Aca Medicaid Expansion On Hospital Financial Outcomes,” Contemporary Economic Policy epub

ahead of print (April 2019), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/coep.12428

1021

Tyler McClintock, Ye Wang, Mahek Shah, Benjamin Chung, and Steven Chang, “How Have Hospital

Pricing Practices for Surgical Episodes of Care Responded to Affordable Care Act-Related Medicaid

Expansion?” Urology 125 (March 2019): 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2018.10.034

1022

Brystana Kaufman, Kristin Reiter, George Pink, and George Holmes, “Medicaid Expansion Affects

Rural and Urban Hospitals Differently,” Health Affairs 35 no. 9 (September 2016): 1665-1672,

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/9/1665.full?sid=4aea494e-8e02-4c66-8298-3c828bfc313b

1023

Charles A. Daly et al., "The Effects of Medicaid Expansion on Triage and Regional Transfer After

Upper-Extremity Trauma," The Journal of Hand Surgery 44, no. 9 (September 2019): 720-727,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.05.020

1024

Michael McCue, “The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Medicaid Focused Insurers in California,”

Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 52 (July 2015),

http://inq.sagepub.com/content/52/0046958015595960.full.pdf+html

1025

Steven Wallace, Maria-Elena Young, Michael Rodriguez, Amy Bonilla, and Nadereh Pourat,

Community Health Centers Play a Critical Role in Caring for the Remaining Uninsured in the Affordable

Care Act Era (UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, October 2016),

http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2016/FQHC_PB-oct2016.pdf

1026

Matt Warfield, Barbara DiPietro, and Samantha Artiga, How has the ACA Medicaid Expansion

Affected Providers Serving the Homeless Population: Analysis of Coverage, Revenues, and Costs

(Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, March 2016),

http://files.kff.org/attachment/issue-brief-how-has-the-aca-medicaid-expansion-affected-providers-serving-

the-homeless-population

1027

Jane Wishner, Patricia Solleveld, Robin Rudowitz, Julia Paradise, and Larisa Antonisse, A Look at

Rural Hospital Closures and Implications for Access to Care: Three Case Studies (Washington, DC:

Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured and The Urban Institute, July 2016),

http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/a-look-at-rural-hospital-closures-and-implications-for-access-to-care/

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

1028

Laurie Felland, Peter Cunningham, Annie Doubleday, and Cannon Warren, Effects of the Affordable

Care Act on Safety Net Hospitals (Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research, prepared for the

Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, November 2016),

https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/255491/SafetyNetHospital.pdf

1029

Rachel Garfield, Elizabeth Hinton, Elizabeth Cornachione, and Cornelia Hall, Medicaid Managed Care

Plans and Access to Care: Results from the Kaiser Family Foundation 2017 Survey of Medicaid Managed

Care Plans (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2018),

https://www.kff.org/medicaid/report/medicaid-managed-care-plans-and-access-to-care-results-from-the-

kaiser-family-foundation-2017-survey-of-medicaid-managed-care-plans

1030

Richard Lindrooth, Marcelo Perraillon, Rose Hardy, and Gregory Tung, “Understanding the

Relationship Between Medicaid Expansions and Hospital Closures,” Health Affairs epub ahead of print

(January 2018), https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0976

1031

Allen Dobson, Joan DaVanzo, Randy Haught, and Phap Hoa Luu, Comparing the Affordable Care

Act’s Financial Impact on Safety-Net Hospitals in States that Expanded Medicaid and Those That Did Not

(The Commonwealth Fund, November 2017),

http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/issue-

brief/2017/nov/dobson_impact_medicaid_expanion_safety_net_hosps_ib.pdf

1032

Jordan Rhodes, Thomas Buchmueller, Helen Levy, and Sayeh Nikpay, “Heterogeneous Effects Of

The Aca Medicaid Expansion On Hospital Financial Outcomes,” Contemporary Economic Policy epub

ahead of print (April 2019), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/coep.12428

1033

Fredric Blavin, How Has the ACA Changed Finances for Different Types of Hospitals? Updated

Insights from 2015 Cost Report Data (The Urban Institute, April 2017),

http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2017/rwjf436310

1034

Mark Duggan, Atul Gupta, and Emilie Jackson, The Impact of the Affordable Care Act: Evidence from

California's Hospital Sector (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no. 25488, January

2019), https://www.nber.org/papers/w25488.pdf

1035

Peter Cunningham, Rachel Garfield, and Robin Rudowitz, How Are Hospitals Faring Under the

Affordable Care Act? Early Experiences from Ascension Health (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on

Medicaid and the Uninsured, April 2015), http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/how-are-hospitals-faring-

under-the-affordable-care-act-early-experiences-from-ascension-health/

1036

Peter Cunningham, Rachel Garfield, and Robin Rudowitz, How Are Hospitals Faring Under the

Affordable Care Act? Early Experiences from Ascension Health (Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on

Medicaid and the Uninsured, April 2015), http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/how-are-hospitals-faring-

under-the-affordable-care-act-early-experiences-from-ascension-health/

1037

Rachel Garfield, Elizabeth Hinton, Elizabeth Cornachione, and Cornelia Hall, Medicaid Managed Care

Plans and Access to Care: Results from the Kaiser Family Foundation 2017 Survey of Medicaid Managed

Care Plans (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2018),

https://www.kff.org/medicaid/report/medicaid-managed-care-plans-and-access-to-care-results-from-the-

kaiser-family-foundation-2017-survey-of-medicaid-managed-care-plans

1038

Hefei Wen, Kenton J. Johnston, Lindsay Allen, and Teresa M. Waters, "Medicaid Expansion

Associated With Reductions In Preventable Hospitalizations," Health Affairs 38, no. 11 (November 2019):

1845-1849, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00483

1039

Ramiro Manzano-Nunez et al., “Association of Medicaid Expansion Policy with Outcomes in

Homeless Patients Requiring Emergency General Surgery,” World Journal of Surgery 43, no. 6 (June

2019): 1483-1489, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00268-019-04932-0

1040

Elizabeth A. Brown et al., "The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansion on Access to Care and

Hospitalization Charges for Lupus Patients," Arthritis Care & Research Epub ahead of print (September

2019), https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.24080

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

1041

Emanuel Eguia et al., "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on Access

to Minimally Invasive Surgical Care," The American Journal of Surgery Epub ahead of print (July 2019),

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.07.003

1042

Gary Young, Stephen Flaherty, E. Zepeda, Simone Singh, and Sara Rosenbaum, “Impact of ACA

Medicaid Expansion on Hospitals’ Financial Status” Journal of Healthcare Management 64, no. 2 (March

2019): 91–102, https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00115514-201904000-00007

1043

James Richardson, Jared Llorens, and Roy Heidelberg, Medicaid Expansion and the Louisiana

Economy (Louisiana Department of Health, March 2018),

http://gov.louisiana.gov/assets/MedicaidExpansion/MedicaidExpansionStudy.pdf

1044

James A. Richardson, Jared J. Llorens, and Roy L. Heidelberg. Medicaid Expansion and the

Louisiana Economy, 2018 and 2019 (Louisiana Department of Health, Prepared by Louisiana State

University, August 2019),

http://ldh.la.gov/assets/media/3and4.2019FinalReportMedicaidExpansionstudy.pdf

1045

Deloitte Development LLC, Commonwealth of Kentucky Medicaid Expansion Report, (Deloitte

Development LLC, February 2015), http://jointhehealthjourney.com/images/uploads/channel-

files/Kentucky_Medicaid_Expansion_One-Year_Study_FINAL.pdf

1046

The Colorado Health Foundation, Assessing the Economic and Budgetary Impact of Medicaid

Expansion in Colorado, (The Colorado Health Foundation, March 2016),

https://www.coloradohealth.org/sites/default/files/documents/2017-

01/Medicaid_ExecutiveSummary_ONLINE.pdf

1047

John Ayanian, Gabriel Ehrlich, Donald Grimes, and Helen Levy, “Economic Effects of Medicaid

Expansion in Michigan,” The New England Journal of Medicine epub ahead of print (January 2017),

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1613981

1048

Aparna Soni, Marguerite Burns, Laura Dague, and Kosali Simon, “Medicaid Expansion and State

Trends in Supplemental Security Income Program Participation,” Health Affairs 36 no. 8, (August 2017):

1485-1488, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/8/1485.full?sid=982b20c0-0a17-4dc4-a35a-

b0302d4ec289

1049

Renuka Tipirneni et al., "Association of Medicaid Expansion With Enrollee Employment and Student

Status in Michigan," JAMA Network Open 3, no. 1 (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20316

1050

Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen G. Levy, and Robert G. Valletta, Medicaid Expansion and the

Unemployed (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26553, December 2019),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w26553

1051

Jean Hall, Adele Shartzer, Noelle Kurth, and Kathleen Thomas, “Medicaid Expansion as an

Employment Incentive Program for People With Disabilities,” American Journal of Public Health epub

ahead of print (July 2018), https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304536

1052

Kevin Callison and Paul Sicilian, “Economic Freedom and the Affordable Care Act: Medicaid

Expansions and Labor Mobility by Race and Ethnicity,” Public Finance Review 46, no. 2 (March 2018),

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091142116668254

1053

Bryce Ward and Brandon Bridge, The Economic Impact of Medicaid Expansion in Montana: Updated

Findings (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, January 2019), https://mthcf.org/wp-

content/uploads/2019/01/Economic-Impact-of-MedEx-in-MT_1.28.19-FINAL.pdf

1054

The Ohio Department of Medicaid, 2018 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment: A Follow

‐

Up to the

2016 Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment, (The Ohio Department of Medicaid, August 2018),

https://medicaid.ohio.gov/Portals/0/Resources/Reports/Annual/Group-VIII-Final-Report.pdf

An older version of this Ohio report (see citation below) found that as of 2016, 74.8% of expansion

enrollees who were unemployed but looking for work reported that Medicaid enrollment made it easier to

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

seek employment and 52.1% of expansion enrollees who were employed reported that Medicaid

enrollment made it easier to continue working.

The Ohio Department of Medicaid, Ohio Medicaid Group VIII Assessment: A Report to the Ohio General

Assembly (The Ohio Department of Medicaid, January 2017),

https://medicaid.ohio.gov/Portals/0/Resources/Reports/Annual/Group-VIII-Assessment.pdf

1055

Renuka Tipirneni et al., “Changes in Health and Ability to Work Among Medicaid Expansion

Enrollees: a Mixed Methods Study” Journal of General Internal Medicine 34, no. 2 (February 2019): 272-

280, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-018-4736-8

1056

Susan Dorr Goold et al., “Primary Care Clinicians’ Views About the Impact of Medicaid Expansion in

Michigan: A Mixed Methods Study,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 33, no. 8 (June 2018): 1307-

1316, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-018-4487-6

1057

Renuka Tipirneni et al., "Association of Expanded Medicaid Coverage With Health and Job-Related

Outcomes Among Enrollees With Behavioral Health Disorders," Psychiatric Services Epub ahead of print

(September 2019), https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201900179

1058

Heeju Sohn and Stefan Timmermans, “Social Effects of Health Care Reform: Medicaid Expansion

under the Affordable Care Act and Changes in Volunteering,” Socius: Socialogical Research for a

Dynamic World 3 (March 2017): 1-12, http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2378023117700903

1059

Lizhong Peng, Xiaohui Guo, and Chad D. Meyerhoefer, "The Effects of Medicaid Expansion on Labor

Market Outcomes: Evidence from Border Counties," Health Economics Epub ahead of print (December

2019), https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3976

1060

Olga Scrivner et al., "Job Postings in the Substance Use Disorder Treatment Related Sector During

the First Five Years of Medicaid Expansion," PLoS One 15, no. 1 (January 2020),

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228394

1061

Lucie Schmidt, Lara Shore-Sheppard, and Tara Watson, The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansion

on Disability Program Applications (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26192,

August 2019), http://www.nber.org/papers/w26192

1062

Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen G. Levy, and Robert G. Valletta, Medicaid Expansion and the

Unemployed (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 26553, December 2019),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w26553

1063

Kevin Callison and Paul Sicilian, “Economic Freedom and the Affordable Care Act: Medicaid

Expansions and Labor Mobility by Race and Ethnicity,” Public Finance Review 46, no. 2 (March 2018),

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091142116668254

1064

Pauline Leung and Alexandre Mas, Employment Effects of the ACA Medicaid Expansions (Working

Paper No. 22540, National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2016),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w22540

1065

Angshuman Gooptu, Asako Moriya, Kosali Simon, and Benjamin Sommers, “Medicaid Expansion Did

Not Result in Significant Employment Changes or Job Reductions in 2014,” Health Affairs 35, no. 1

(January 2016): 111-118, 1-12, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/111.short

1066

Bowen Garrett and Robert Kaestner, Recent Evidence on the ACA and Employment: Has the ACA

Been a Job Killer? (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation,

August 2015), http://www.urban.org/research/publication/recent-evidence-aca-and-employment-has-aca-

been-job-killer/view/full_report

1067

Robert Kaestner, Bowen Garrett, Anuj Gangopadhyaya, and Caitlyn Fleming, Effects of ACA

Medicaid Expansions on Health Insurance Coverage and Labor Supply (Working Paper No. 21836,

National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2015), http://www.nber.org/papers/w21836

1068

Priyanka Anand, Jody Schimmel Hyde, Maggie Colby, and Paul O’Leary, “The Impact of Affordable

Care Act Medicaid Expansions on Applications to Federal Disability Programs,” Forum for Health

Economics and Policy (February 2019), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30796844

The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review

1069

Emily Brown, Michelle Garrison, Hao Bao, Pingping Qu, Carole Jenny, and Ali Rowhani-Rahbar,

“Assessment of Rates of Child Maltreatment in States With Medicaid Expansion vs States Without

Medicaid Expansion,” JAMA Network Open 2, no. 6 (June 2019),

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/article-abstract/2735758

1070

Michel Boudreaux, James M. Noon, Brett Fried, and Joanne Pascale, "Medicaid Expansion and the

Medicaid Undercount in the American Community Survey," Health Services Research 54, no. 6

(December 2019): 1263-1272, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13213

1071

David Slusky and Donna Ginther, Did Medicaid Expansion Reduce Medical Divorce? (Working Paper

No. 23139, National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2017),

http://www.nber.org/papers/w23139?utm_campaign=ntw&utm_medium=email&utm_source=ntw

1072

Lucas Goodman, “The Effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Migration,” Journal of

Policy Analysis 36, no. 1 (November 2016): 211-238,

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pam.21952/abstract

1073

Joshua Clinton and Michael Sances, “The Politics of Policy: The Initial Mass Political Effects of

Medicaid Expansion in the States,” American Political Science Review 112, no. 1 (February 2018): 167-

185, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/politics-of-policy-

the-initial-mass-political-effects-of-medicaid-expansion-in-the-

states/246AA0F10B44EFD62A7B27C661730823

1074

Jake Haselswerdt, “Expanding Medicaid, Expanding the Electorate: The Affordable Care Act's Short-

Term Impact on Political Participation,” Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law 42, no. 4 (August

2017), https://read.dukeupress.edu/jhppl/article-abstract/42/4/667/130386/Expanding-Medicaid-

Expanding-the-Electorate-The?redirectedFrom=fulltext

1075

Daniel Hopkins and Kalind Parish, “The Medicaid Expansion and Attitudes toward the Affordable Care

Act: Testing for a Policy Feedback on Mass Opinion,” Public Opinion Quarterly 83, no. 1 (April 2019):

123-134, https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-abstract/83/1/123/5430239

1076

Michael Sances and Joshua Clinton, New Policy, New Politics? The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on

Public Support for the Affordable Care Act, (University of Memphis and Vanderbilt University, February

2017), https://csap.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/apppw_jc2_3-8-17.pdf

1077

Richard Fording and Dana Patton, “Medicaid Expansion and the Political Fate of the Governors Who

Support It,” Policy Studies Journal 47, no. 2 (January 2019),

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/psj.12311

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